Background: Intermittent fasting (IF) has gained popularity in recent years for its effect on weight loss and supposed additional health benefits, such as a positive effect on body composition and metabolic markers. Mobile apps can act as platforms that help deliver dietary interventions by improving adherence and motivation. Although the effect of IF on weight loss has been demonstrated in earlier trials, there is not much research about the engagement and weight loss results with IF apps. Objective: Our main objective was to compare how a nudging platform (including smart scales) influences engagement (the extent to which users interact with the app measured by the number of active days) with the app among users who had obesity at the beginning of use. The secondary objectives were to evaluate the body weight changes among active and nonactive users and, finally, to evaluate the body composition changes of users possessing smart scales during app usage. Through this study, we hope to provide (1) more insight into how nudging (using smart scales as a nudging platform) is associated with engagement with the mobile app, (2) how engagement with the mobile app is associated with weight loss, and (3) how IF is associated with body composition. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of data from 665 users with obesity (BMI≥30) who started using the IF app DoFasting. Of them, 244 used body composition scales that estimated body fat and body muscle values. Users were stratified into engagement groups in accordance with their activity ratio (number of active days divided by the total time of use). Baseline and final users' weight (in kg), body fat (in %), and body muscle (in %) were compared. Results: Our findings suggest an association between the nudging platform (smart scales) and better engagement with the app. Smart scale users had a significantly higher activity ratio than regular users. Additionally, active DoFasting users lost significantly more weight. Further, body composition analysis showed that app usage might be related to body fat loss and an increase in muscle mass. Conclusions: We found a possible association between the nudging and gamified elements and higher app engagement. Additionally, increased app engagement is associated with increased weight loss. Thus, nudging and gamified elements of mobile health apps, such as interactive tools, goals, challenges, and progress tracking, are suggested to affect engagement positively and should be investigated further in future research. Finally, the IF regime delivered through the DoFasting app might be related to the body muscle mass gain and reduced fat mass.

Background: An increase in depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms worldwide, attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic, has been reported. If not treated, it may negatively affect a person's everyday life by altering physical and social well-being and productivity and increasing expenditure on health care. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)–based interventions are gaining popularity as a means to reduce stress and alleviate anxiety and depression symptoms. Moreover, CBT delivered through a mobile app has the same elements as traditional CBT training (eg, guided discovery). However, unlike conventional training, users of mobile apps are allowed to tailor their own experience at their own speed and schedule. Objective: This study aims to analyze Sensa users’ retrospective data and explore the dose-duration effect to find the optimal usage time when the user showed results. Methods: The study cohort comprised 381 consecutive community-based nonclinical users who started using Sensa between October 2021 and March 2022. All users included in the study took the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) assessment at least 2 times. Other parameters from the database containing all self-reported data were gender, number of active days, total time of use, and age. The primary outcome of the study was a change in the DASS-21 score. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism (version 9, GraphPad Software). In addition, a logistic regression model was created to predict how the obtained independent parameters influenced the DASS-21 score. Results: The main finding of our study was that the majority of participants who started using Sensa were experiencing depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms (92.13%, 80.05%, and 87.93%, respectively). There was a statistically significant decrease of the DASS-21 subdomain scores after the use of the application (anxiety: mean 7.25, SD 4.03 vs mean 6.12, SD 4.00; P=.001; depression: mean 11.05, SD 4.26 vs mean 9.01, SD 4.77; P=.001; stress: mean 11.42, SD 3.44 vs mean 9.96, SD 3.65; P<.001). Finally, the logistic regression model showed that users who were using the app for more than 24 days and had at least 12 active days during that time had 3.463 (95% CI 1.142-11.93) and 2.644 (95% CI 1.024-7.127) times higher chances to reduce their DASS-21 subdomain scores of depression and anxiety, respectively. Conclusions: Using the Sensa mobile app was related to decreased depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms.

Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk of CVD mortality in the national cohort of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer and treated with ADT compared with the ADT non-users. Materials and methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients aged 40–79 years and diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2016 using the Lithuanian Cancer registry data. In total, 13 343 prostate cancer patients were included in the final study cohort who exclusively used gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists. The primary outcomes that were registered during the follow-up of this study were overall CVD death. Results: There was a higher risk of CVD death in the cohort of patients treated with ADT than in ADT non-users (HR 2.14, 95% CI [1.86–2.45], p < 0.001). Moreover, there was an increased risk of death from ischemic heart disease and stroke (HR 1.42, 95% CI [1.16–1.73] and 1.70, 95% CI [1.18–2.45], respectively) among ADT users. Finally, the risk of CVD-related mortality was highest in the 70–79 age group of ADT users (HR 4.78, 95% CI [3.79–6.04]). Conclusions: This study shows that ADT usage is associated with increased CVD-related mortality risk for patients diagnosed with prostate cancer compared with ADT non-users. The highest mortality risk was found for ischemic heart disease and stroke. CVD-related mortality was increased in the elder group of patients also.

Background: The ketogenic diet is one of the oldest diets that has been used for more than a centennial in the clinical setting, and it is gaining popularity as a measure to fight obesity, which is a major predisposing factor for many diseases to manifest, including diabetes mellitus, chronic heart disease, cancer, and others. Thus, we designed this retrospective investigation to determine if users of the mobile application KetoCycle achieved statistically significant weight loss outcomes.Methods: The initial study cohort comprised 12,965 consecutive users who started using KetoCycle between January 2020 and December 2020. The final cohort comprised 10,269 users. The main parameters obtained from the database containing all self-reported data were gender, number of active days (AD), total time of use (TT), height, initial weight, and last recorded weight. The primary outcome of the study was weight loss. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics, version 26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). In addition, a standard multiple regression model was created to predict weight loss from significant actions.Results: A retrospective analysis of KetoCycle user data showed that 87.3% of KetoCycle users lost some of their initial weight. Of those, 1645 users (18.3%) lost more than 10% of their initial body weight, 3528 (39.3%) users lost between 5 and 10% of their initial body weight, and 3796 (42.3%) users lost less than 5% of their body weight. When user activity was taken into account, it was found that active users lost statistically significantly more weight than non-active users (p < 0.05). App engagement was also associated with losing > 5% of initial weight. Using water tracking, weight tracking, and creation of a meals list within KetoCycle statistically significantly predicted weight loss in a multiple regression model.Conclusions: We concluded that KetoCycle appeared as a promising mobile application suited for weight loss and weight control.Trial registration: This retrospective chart review study was approved by BRANY IRB in January 2022 (registration ID.: 21-08-564-939).