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Mamaru A. Moges
Faculty of Civil and Water Resource Engineering, Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 26, Bahir Dar P.O Box 26, Ethiopia

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Journal article
Published: 21 August 2020 in Remote Sensing
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The largest freshwater lake in Ethiopia, Lake Tana, has faced ecological disaster due to water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) infestation. The water hyacinth is a threat not only to the ecology but also to the socioeconomic development of the region and cultural value of the lake, which is registered as a UNESCO reserve. This study aims to map the spatiotemporal dynamics of the water hyacinth using high-resolution PlanetScope satellite images and assesses the major environmental variables that relate to the weed spatial coverage dynamics for the period August 2017 to July 2018. The plausible environmental factors studied affecting the weed dynamics include lake level, water and air temperature, and turbidity. Water temperature and turbidity were estimated from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite image and the water level was estimated using Jason-1 altimetry data while the air temperature was obtained from the nearby meteorological station at Bahir Dar station. The results indicated that water hyacinth coverage was increasing at a rate of 14 ha/day from August to November of 2017. On the other hand, the coverage reduced at a rate of 6 ha/day from December 2017 to June 2018. However, the length of shoreline infestation increased significantly from 4.3 km in August 2017 to 23.4 km in April 2018. Lake level and night-time water temperatures were strongly correlated with water hyacinth spatial coverage (p < 0.05). A drop in the lake water level resulted in a considerable reduction of the infested area, which is also related to decreasing nutrient levels in the water. The water hyacinth expansion dynamics could be altered by treating the nutrient-rich runoff with best management practices along the wetland and in the lake watershed landscape.

ACS Style

Abeyou W. Worqlul; Essayas K. Ayana; Yihun T. Dile; Mamaru A. Moges; Minychl G. Gitaw; Getachew Tegegne; Solomon Kibret. Spatiotemporal Dynamics and Environmental Controlling Factors of the Lake Tana Water Hyacinth in Ethiopia. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 2706 .

AMA Style

Abeyou W. Worqlul, Essayas K. Ayana, Yihun T. Dile, Mamaru A. Moges, Minychl G. Gitaw, Getachew Tegegne, Solomon Kibret. Spatiotemporal Dynamics and Environmental Controlling Factors of the Lake Tana Water Hyacinth in Ethiopia. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (17):2706.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abeyou W. Worqlul; Essayas K. Ayana; Yihun T. Dile; Mamaru A. Moges; Minychl G. Gitaw; Getachew Tegegne; Solomon Kibret. 2020. "Spatiotemporal Dynamics and Environmental Controlling Factors of the Lake Tana Water Hyacinth in Ethiopia." Remote Sensing 12, no. 17: 2706.

Journal article
Published: 18 May 2020 in Water
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Water hyacinth originated from the Amazon Basin and has expanded to other parts of the world since the 1800s. In Ethiopia, the weed is affecting the socio-economic activities of the people whose livelihood is directly or indirectly dependent on Lake Tana. Still, the area covered by water hyacinth and the impact of water level fluctuation on the expansion of water hyacinth has not been known clearly. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to determine the spatiotemporal distribution of water hyacinth and relation with lake-level fluctuation. The area covered by water hyacinth was determined using monthly Sentinel-2 images, which were collected from November 2015 to December 2019. The impact of water level fluctuation on the expansion of water hyacinth was evaluated using hourly water level data converted to a monthly average to correlate with the area covered by the water hyacinth. In addition, MOD13Q1.006 data was used to evaluate the trend of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and its linkage with the weed. The maximum areas covered by water hyacinth were 278.3, 613.6, 1108.7, 2036.5, and 2504.5 ha in Feb 2015, October 2016, September 2017, December 2018, and in December 2019, respectively. Its areal coverage was declining from the northern corridors and increasing in eastern shores of the lake. The lake-level fluctuation was observed in the range of 1.5 to 3.98 m in this study. The annual mean maximum spatial values of the NDVI were in the range of 0.27 and 0.47. The area covered by water hyacinth was increasing significantly (P < 0.05) and positively correlated with the seasonal lake-level fluctuation. High water level enabled the expansion of the weed by extending its suitable habitat of shallow water to the flood plain. Based on the results of this study, lake-level fluctuations can have an adverse impact on the expansion of the weed.

ACS Style

Minychl G. Dersseh; Seifu A. Tilahun; Abeyou W. Worqlul; Mamaru A. Moges; Wubneh B. Abebe; Demesew A. Mhiret; Assefa M. Melesse. Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Water Hyacinth and Its Linkage with Lake-Level Fluctuation: Lake Tana, a Sub-Humid Region of the Ethiopian Highlands. Water 2020, 12, 1435 .

AMA Style

Minychl G. Dersseh, Seifu A. Tilahun, Abeyou W. Worqlul, Mamaru A. Moges, Wubneh B. Abebe, Demesew A. Mhiret, Assefa M. Melesse. Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Water Hyacinth and Its Linkage with Lake-Level Fluctuation: Lake Tana, a Sub-Humid Region of the Ethiopian Highlands. Water. 2020; 12 (5):1435.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Minychl G. Dersseh; Seifu A. Tilahun; Abeyou W. Worqlul; Mamaru A. Moges; Wubneh B. Abebe; Demesew A. Mhiret; Assefa M. Melesse. 2020. "Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Water Hyacinth and Its Linkage with Lake-Level Fluctuation: Lake Tana, a Sub-Humid Region of the Ethiopian Highlands." Water 12, no. 5: 1435.

Conference paper
Published: 17 March 2020 in Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering
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The main focus on three watersheds in the upper Blue Nile. The study used the Representative concentration pathway (RCP) climate model scenarios with 50 km resolution. The CORDEX-Africa model output of RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 scenarios were used. The Parameter Efficient Semi Distributed Water Balance model (PED-WM) was calibrated and validated to project the climate change impacts on the stream flow events. The future climate projection results were presented by dividing in to three future time horizons of 2030s (2021–2040), 2060s (2051–2070) and 2090s (2081–2100). The bias corrected maximum and minimum temperature increases in all months and seasons in the selected watersheds. The change in magnitude in RCP8.5 emission was higher than RCP2.6 scenario. The study resulted considerable average monthly, seasonal and annual precipitation change variability in magnitude and direction. In 2030s, the average annual Stream flow projection decreases up to −32.18% for RCP2.6 and up to −19.44% for RCP8.5 scenarios. In 2060s also the average annual stream flow decreases by −12.3% and −32.18% for RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios, respectively. Similarly, in 2090 s, the average annual Stream flow change decreases by −20.67 and −51.78% for RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 respectively. For the future time horizon, the maximum Stream flow changes in wide range from (−56.4 to 81.1%) and minimum flow from (−61.72 to 8.17%) in both RCP2.6 and RCP8.5.

ACS Style

Gerawork F. Mulu; Mamaru A. Moges; Bayu G. Bihonegn. Evaluating the Impacts of Climate Change on the Stream Flow Events in Range of Scale of Watersheds, in the Upper Blue Nile Basin. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering 2020, 169 -192.

AMA Style

Gerawork F. Mulu, Mamaru A. Moges, Bayu G. Bihonegn. Evaluating the Impacts of Climate Change on the Stream Flow Events in Range of Scale of Watersheds, in the Upper Blue Nile Basin. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. 2020; ():169-192.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gerawork F. Mulu; Mamaru A. Moges; Bayu G. Bihonegn. 2020. "Evaluating the Impacts of Climate Change on the Stream Flow Events in Range of Scale of Watersheds, in the Upper Blue Nile Basin." Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering , no. : 169-192.

Conference paper
Published: 17 March 2020 in Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering
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This study focused on developing rule curves for multi-purpose cascade reservoirs operation to optimize the available water for hydropower production, irrigation development, water supply, and environmental flow in Blue Nile Basin using HEC-ResSim reservoir simulation model. The model tried to represent the physical behavior of cascade reservoirs in the basin with its high speed hydraulic computations for flows through control structures, and hydrologic routing to represent the lag and attenuation of flows through the main and tributaries of the river based on the current projects operation, and future likely development projects implementation period. Therefore, the management of multi-purpose cascade reservoirs is complex due to conflicting interests between these objectives. Thus, the optimal operation of cascade reservoirs is important to address trade-offs between multiple objectives to achieve the water management goals. From the simulation of cascade reservoirs operation, Hydropower power guide curve operation rule was selected to optimize the basin’s available water.

ACS Style

Dereje M. Ayenew; Mamaru A. Moges; Fasikaw A. Zimale; Asegdew G. Mulat. Multi-purpose Reservoir Operation Analysis in the Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering 2020, 242 -257.

AMA Style

Dereje M. Ayenew, Mamaru A. Moges, Fasikaw A. Zimale, Asegdew G. Mulat. Multi-purpose Reservoir Operation Analysis in the Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. 2020; ():242-257.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dereje M. Ayenew; Mamaru A. Moges; Fasikaw A. Zimale; Asegdew G. Mulat. 2020. "Multi-purpose Reservoir Operation Analysis in the Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia." Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering , no. : 242-257.

Conference paper
Published: 17 March 2020 in Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering
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This study aims to evaluate stream flow predication capability of three hydrological models including Parameter Efficient Semi-Distributed Watershed Model (PED-WM) model, Hydrologiska Byrans Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) and Hydraulic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) in range of sizes of watersheds, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia. The model efficiency on daily time scale during calibration period for PED-W (NSE = 0.76, 0.81 and 0.57), HBV-IHMS (NSE = 0.68, 0.79 and 0.59) and HEC-HMS (NSE = 0.63, 0.68 and 0.48) were obtained for Anjeni, Gumara and Main Belles watersheds respectively. Similarly, for validation period PED-W (NSE = 0.6, 0.73 and 0.37), HBV-IHMS (NSE = 0.56, 0.79 and 0.55) and HECHMS (NSE = 0.52, 0.74 and 0.37) were obtained for Anjeni, Gumara and Main Belles watersheds respectively. Similarly, the model performances on monthly time steps were also varied among three hydrological models and the results better than the daily time scale. In PED-W, saturation excess is the main direct runoff process. The overall model performance indicated that PED-W model was better than the other two models. The result indicates that the models in the highlands of Ethiopia are dominantly dependent on the runoff mechanism dominantly on saturation excess runoff mechanism. Hence, there should be an approach to integrate climate region specific model in our water resource development system for predicting stream flow for ungagged catchments.

ACS Style

Bayu G. Bihonegn; Mamaru A. Moges; Gerawork F. Mulu; Berhanu G. Sinshaw. Evaluation of Stream Flow Prediction Capability of Hydrological Models in the Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering 2020, 210 -227.

AMA Style

Bayu G. Bihonegn, Mamaru A. Moges, Gerawork F. Mulu, Berhanu G. Sinshaw. Evaluation of Stream Flow Prediction Capability of Hydrological Models in the Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. 2020; ():210-227.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bayu G. Bihonegn; Mamaru A. Moges; Gerawork F. Mulu; Berhanu G. Sinshaw. 2020. "Evaluation of Stream Flow Prediction Capability of Hydrological Models in the Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia." Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering , no. : 210-227.

Journal article
Published: 21 October 2019 in Water
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Anthropogenic landscape conversion from forest to agricultural land affects baseflow. Baseflow is a source of potable water and can be used for the irrigation of high value crops. Finding ways to increase base and inter flow (i.e., groundwater flow) is, therefore, essential for the improvement of the livelihood of rural inhabitants. Therefore, the objective is to investigate the effect of landscape interventions on stream discharge and, in particular, on groundwater flow. The Tikur-Wuha experimental watershed in the upper reaches of the Blue Nile was selected because discharge data were available before and after implementation of a suite of land management practices that, among others, enhanced the percolation of water to below the rootzone. The parameter efficient distributed (PED) model was used to separate overland flow from total flow. The groundwater flow index (GWFI), defined as the quotient of the annual groundwater flow to the total stream discharge at the outlet of the watershed, was calculated. Our analysis with the PED model showed that at similar annual rainfall amounts, more baseflow and less surface runoff was generated after the landscape intervention, which promoted deep infiltration of the rainwater. The decrease in surface runoff shortly after the implementation of the land management practices is similar to observations in other watersheds in the Ethiopian highlands.

ACS Style

Adugnaw T. Akale; Dessalegn C. Dagnew; Mamaru A. Moges; Seifu A. Tilahun; Tammo S. Steenhuis. The Effect of Landscape Interventions on Groundwater Flow and Surface Runoff in a Watershed in the Upper Reaches of the Blue Nile. Water 2019, 11, 2188 .

AMA Style

Adugnaw T. Akale, Dessalegn C. Dagnew, Mamaru A. Moges, Seifu A. Tilahun, Tammo S. Steenhuis. The Effect of Landscape Interventions on Groundwater Flow and Surface Runoff in a Watershed in the Upper Reaches of the Blue Nile. Water. 2019; 11 (10):2188.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adugnaw T. Akale; Dessalegn C. Dagnew; Mamaru A. Moges; Seifu A. Tilahun; Tammo S. Steenhuis. 2019. "The Effect of Landscape Interventions on Groundwater Flow and Surface Runoff in a Watershed in the Upper Reaches of the Blue Nile." Water 11, no. 10: 2188.

Journal article
Published: 14 September 2019 in Water
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Water hyacinth is a well-known invasive weed in lakes across the world and harms the aquatic environment. Since 2011, the weed has invaded Lake Tana substantially posing a challenge to the ecosystem services of the lake. The major factors which affect the growth of the weed are phosphorus, nitrogen, temperature, pH, salinity, and lake depth. Understanding and investigating the hotspot areas is vital to predict the areas for proper planning of interventions. The main objective of this study is therefore to predict the hotspot areas of the water hyacinth over the surface of the lake using the geographical information system (GIS)-based multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) technique. The main parameters used in the multi-criteria analysis were total phosphorus (>0.08 mg L−1), total nitrogen (>1.1 mg L−1), temperature (

ACS Style

Minychl G. Dersseh; Aron A. Kibret; Seifu A. Tilahun; Abeyou W. Worqlul; Mamaru A. Moges; Dessalegn C. Dagnew; Wubneh B. Abebe; Assefa M. Melesse. Potential of Water Hyacinth Infestation on Lake Tana, Ethiopia: A Prediction Using a GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Technique. Water 2019, 11, 1921 .

AMA Style

Minychl G. Dersseh, Aron A. Kibret, Seifu A. Tilahun, Abeyou W. Worqlul, Mamaru A. Moges, Dessalegn C. Dagnew, Wubneh B. Abebe, Assefa M. Melesse. Potential of Water Hyacinth Infestation on Lake Tana, Ethiopia: A Prediction Using a GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Technique. Water. 2019; 11 (9):1921.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Minychl G. Dersseh; Aron A. Kibret; Seifu A. Tilahun; Abeyou W. Worqlul; Mamaru A. Moges; Dessalegn C. Dagnew; Wubneh B. Abebe; Assefa M. Melesse. 2019. "Potential of Water Hyacinth Infestation on Lake Tana, Ethiopia: A Prediction Using a GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Technique." Water 11, no. 9: 1921.

Journal article
Published: 15 July 2019 in Water
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Planning and decision making for new irrigation development projects requires the systematic assessment of irrigable land together with available water resources. The data required are usually not available in developing countries, and therefore a method was developed for quantifying surface water resources and potentially irrigable land in ungauged watersheds in the Upper Blue Nile Basin using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and Multi-Criterion Decision Evaluation (MCDE). The method was tested using the Lah river basin in the Jabitenan district and then applied in the whole area, including ungauged areas. In MCDE, soil type, slope, land use, and river proximity were considered. Onion, Cabbage and Tomato were grown on the identified irrigable areas. The predicted monthly stream discharge agreed well with observed values, with Nash and Sutcliffe efficiencies of 0.87 during calibration and 0.68 for validation. The SWAT model calibrated parameters from the gauged catchment were used to simulate the discharge of the ungauged catchments. The potential irrigable land was determined in Jabitenan woreda and included the Rivers like Birr, Tikurwuha, Gunagun, Leza Lah, Geray, Arara, Debolah, Guysa, and Silala, with an area of 460 km2. By evaluating gross irrigation demand of irrigable land with available flow in rivers (both observed and simulated), the actual surface irrigation potential was 47 km2. The main limitation for surface irrigation in all districts was the available water and not the land suitable for irrigation. Therefore, the study suggests that in order to irrigate a greater portion of the irrigable land, water should be stored during the monsoon rain phase for use in the last part of the dry phase.

ACS Style

Getenet Nigussie; Mamaru A. Moges; Michael M. Moges; Tammo S. Steenhuis. Assessment of Suitable Land for Surface Irrigation in Ungauged Catchments: Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia. Water 2019, 11, 1465 .

AMA Style

Getenet Nigussie, Mamaru A. Moges, Michael M. Moges, Tammo S. Steenhuis. Assessment of Suitable Land for Surface Irrigation in Ungauged Catchments: Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia. Water. 2019; 11 (7):1465.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Getenet Nigussie; Mamaru A. Moges; Michael M. Moges; Tammo S. Steenhuis. 2019. "Assessment of Suitable Land for Surface Irrigation in Ungauged Catchments: Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia." Water 11, no. 7: 1465.

Journal article
Published: 11 July 2019 in Water
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The Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is employed throughout the world to simulate watershed processes. A limitation of this model is that locations of saturation excess overland flow in hilly and mountainous regions with an impermeable layer at shallow depth cannot be simulated realistically. The objective of this research is to overcome this limitation with minor changes in the original SWAT code. The new approach is called SWAT-with-impervious-layers (SWAT-wil). Adaptations consisted of redefining the hillslope length, restricting downward percolation from the root zone, and redefining hydrologic response units (HRUs) such that they are associated with the landscape position. Finally, input parameters were chosen such that overland flow from variable saturated areas (VSAs) corresponds to the variable source interpretation of the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) curve number runoff equation. We tested the model for the Town Brook watershed in the Catskill Mountains. The results showed that the discharge calculated with SWAT-wil agreed with observed outflow and results simulated with the original SWAT and SWAT-hillslope (SWAT-HS) models that had a surface aquifer that transferred water between groups of HRUs. The locations of the periodically saturated runoff areas were predicted by SWAT-wil at the right locations. Current users can utilize the SWAT-wil approach for catchments where VSA hydrology predominates.

ACS Style

Tammo S. Steenhuis; Elliot M. Schneiderman; Rajith Mukundan; Linh Hoang; Mamaru Moges; Emmet M. Owens. Revisiting SWAT as a Saturation-Excess Runoff Model. Water 2019, 11, 1427 .

AMA Style

Tammo S. Steenhuis, Elliot M. Schneiderman, Rajith Mukundan, Linh Hoang, Mamaru Moges, Emmet M. Owens. Revisiting SWAT as a Saturation-Excess Runoff Model. Water. 2019; 11 (7):1427.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tammo S. Steenhuis; Elliot M. Schneiderman; Rajith Mukundan; Linh Hoang; Mamaru Moges; Emmet M. Owens. 2019. "Revisiting SWAT as a Saturation-Excess Runoff Model." Water 11, no. 7: 1427.

Conference paper
Published: 08 March 2019 in Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering
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This study presents modeling runoff and sediment with management scenarios for watershed management and resource erosion in Koga watershed using AnnAGNPS model. Calibration of the model was carried from 1988–2001 and validation from 2002–2007. The result of sensitivity analysis indicated that the CN was the most sensitive parameter to runoff and peak runoff rate whereas LS and K-factor were for sediment yield following RF, and these parameters were subjected to calibration. For model calibration, R2 of 0.69, 0.35, 0.55; NSE of 0.69, −0.38, 0.55; RSR of 0.54, 1.14, 0.67; and PBIAS of 0.07%, −80.56% and 4.09% were obtained for surface runoff, peak runoff rate, and sediment load, respectively. Similarly validation results indicated an R2 of 0.76, 0.54, 0.62; NSE of 0.76, 0.38, 0.62; RSR of 0.43, 0.71, 0.56, and PBIAS of 2.31%, −36.58% and 5.68% for surface runoff, peak runoff rate, and sediment load, respectively. Where the model efficiency was rated at the range of fair to excellent for three of the outputs of the model for both calibration and validation period. Only 21.5% of the area was able to generate the 78.8% of total soil erosion, with higher than tolerable limit. Hence converting of 21.5% of highest eroding cropland cells either to forest or grassland would reduce soil erosion, sediment yield and load significantly. Ultimately it would help to reduce the sedimentation in Koga dam which could result in reduction of storage capacity.

ACS Style

Berhanu M. Mekuria; Mamaru A. Moges. Predicting Runoff, Sediment and Management Scenarios for Reducing Soil Erosion in Data Scarce Regions, Blue Nile Basin. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering 2019, 11 -31.

AMA Style

Berhanu M. Mekuria, Mamaru A. Moges. Predicting Runoff, Sediment and Management Scenarios for Reducing Soil Erosion in Data Scarce Regions, Blue Nile Basin. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. 2019; ():11-31.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Berhanu M. Mekuria; Mamaru A. Moges. 2019. "Predicting Runoff, Sediment and Management Scenarios for Reducing Soil Erosion in Data Scarce Regions, Blue Nile Basin." Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering , no. : 11-31.

Conference paper
Published: 08 March 2019 in Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering
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This study aims at developing a model that can generate synthetic hourly rainfall data from the existing daily rainfall data of Awash river basin. Fifteen minutes rainfall data collected from national meteorological agency for 13 active stations and daily data collected from 54 stations were considered. Stochastic rainfall disaggregation and Hyetos temporal precipitation model was tested using the available fifteen minutes data. Three regions with close climate condition and rainfall pattern were identified and tested to be homogeneous in the stochastic method. Both methods are tested by using statistical comparison of variance, skew-ness, probability of dry period, and Lag-1 ACF. The result of the stochastic method showed very good performance in preserving the probability of zero rainfall and the daily rainfall total. But it has limitation in disaggregating rainfall magnitudes with high return period. Statistical comparison of Hyetos model indicated very good agreement with the original data. Especially the daily total statistical properties were well preserved. The comparison of the two methods showed that Hyetos is better in preserving the statistical property. Generally the methods are capable in preserving statistical properties and the daily total rainfall depth. Therefore, Hyetos model is pertinent for only temporal disaggregation, whereas the stochastic method is applicable for both spatial and temporal disaggregation in the basin.

ACS Style

Tsegamlak D. Beyene; Mamaru A. Moges; Seifu A. Tilahun. Development of Rainfall Disaggregation Model in the Awash River Basin, Ethiopia. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering 2019, 50 -64.

AMA Style

Tsegamlak D. Beyene, Mamaru A. Moges, Seifu A. Tilahun. Development of Rainfall Disaggregation Model in the Awash River Basin, Ethiopia. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. 2019; ():50-64.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tsegamlak D. Beyene; Mamaru A. Moges; Seifu A. Tilahun. 2019. "Development of Rainfall Disaggregation Model in the Awash River Basin, Ethiopia." Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering , no. : 50-64.

Preprint content
Published: 15 January 2019
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The Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia, whose inter-annual variability in local precipitation has resulted in droughts and floods that lead to economic and food insecurity, is the area of interest for our NSF-PIRE project, which aims to develop novel forecast technologies to mitigate the stresses to local communities. As part of the PIRE project, a Citizen Science Initiative (PIRE CSI) was established in June 2017, a project that trains high school students in hydrologic data collection under the guidance of classroom teachers and graduate students and professors from Bahir Dar University in four watersheds of interest, located south of Lake Tana, Ethiopia. Four MSc graduate students were selected from Bahir Dar University and trained nine high school students who were nominated taking into account gender and the proximity of their schools to the watersheds. High school students are currently collecting soil moisture data using TDR, river stage measurements using optical levels and groundwater levels using shallow water level meters. The data collection is supported by an app (B-WING), developed specifically for the needs of the project. College-ready activities are being planned for the high school students, i.e. inviting them to Bahir Dar University to analyze some of the data, present their work at a workshop, and familiarize themselves with the university experience. Recently, the PIRE CSI was extended to involve local farmers as “citizen scientists”, collecting soil moisture data using low-cost, soil moisture sensors developed in-house at the University of Connecticut, that have been installed in 12 locations and two soil depths (20 cm and 40 cm). The collected data will be used for the initialization and validation of the hydrological models developed in the region. The PIRE CSI promotes the empowerment of local communities and establishes long-lasting partnerships between scientists and stakeholders. It is believed that the co-generation of knowledge may contribute to higher rates of forecast adaption by the local farmers and may trigger the student’s interest in STEM and encourage their uptake of scientific careers. Acknowledgment: This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1545874.

ACS Style

Zoi Dokou; Fahad Khan Khadim; Wangchi Zhou; Zac Flamig; Mamaru Moges; Seifu Tilahun; Muluken Azage; Semu Moges; Baikun Li; Jonathan Mellor; Guiling Wang; Amvrossios Bagtzoglou; Yang Hong; Emmanouil Anagnostou. Citizen Science at the Source of the Blue Nile: Promoting Public Participation in Science for Ensuring Food and Water Security in Ethiopia. 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

Zoi Dokou, Fahad Khan Khadim, Wangchi Zhou, Zac Flamig, Mamaru Moges, Seifu Tilahun, Muluken Azage, Semu Moges, Baikun Li, Jonathan Mellor, Guiling Wang, Amvrossios Bagtzoglou, Yang Hong, Emmanouil Anagnostou. Citizen Science at the Source of the Blue Nile: Promoting Public Participation in Science for Ensuring Food and Water Security in Ethiopia. . 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zoi Dokou; Fahad Khan Khadim; Wangchi Zhou; Zac Flamig; Mamaru Moges; Seifu Tilahun; Muluken Azage; Semu Moges; Baikun Li; Jonathan Mellor; Guiling Wang; Amvrossios Bagtzoglou; Yang Hong; Emmanouil Anagnostou. 2019. "Citizen Science at the Source of the Blue Nile: Promoting Public Participation in Science for Ensuring Food and Water Security in Ethiopia." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 13 April 2018 in Water
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Under the auspices of the UN Millennium Development Goals, access to safe drinking water in the developing world, including the Ethiopian highlands, has improved greatly. However, in many cases, it is not known how safe the water is. With the intensification of agriculture and increasing applications of fertilizers, high levels of nitrate are a concern. The objective of this study is to assess the nitrate levels in drinking water supply systems. To assess nitrate levels, we sampled 213 water supply points in a 4880 km2 area in the northwest Ethiopian highlands. The results show that the average concentration was below the World Health Organization (WHO) health standard of 10 mg N-NO3/L. The average concentration in wells was 3.3 mg N-NO3/L and in springs was 1.8 mg N-NO3/L. Only in three wells, that were in agricultural cropped areas, was the WHO standard exceeded. Wells in the agricultural fields had an average nitrate concentration of 3.6 mg N-NO3/L, which was almost twice that on grazing land and four times that in upland wells. Spatially, the groundwater nitrate concentrations were greater in the moderately sloped parts of the study area where agriculture was intensive and denitrification limited. Thus, although current nitrate levels are safe, in the future, the nitrate concentration could exceed the WHO health standard when fertilizer use increases.

ACS Style

Adugnaw T. Akale; Mamaru A. Moges; Dessalegn C. Dagnew; Seifu A. Tilahun; Tammo S. Steenhuis. Assessment of Nitrate in Wells and Springs in the North Central Ethiopian Highlands. Water 2018, 10, 476 .

AMA Style

Adugnaw T. Akale, Mamaru A. Moges, Dessalegn C. Dagnew, Seifu A. Tilahun, Tammo S. Steenhuis. Assessment of Nitrate in Wells and Springs in the North Central Ethiopian Highlands. Water. 2018; 10 (4):476.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adugnaw T. Akale; Mamaru A. Moges; Dessalegn C. Dagnew; Seifu A. Tilahun; Tammo S. Steenhuis. 2018. "Assessment of Nitrate in Wells and Springs in the North Central Ethiopian Highlands." Water 10, no. 4: 476.

Journal article
Published: 22 November 2017 in Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics
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Soil erosion decreases soil fertility of the uplands and causes siltation of lakes and reservoirs; the lakes and reservoirs in tropical monsoonal African highlands are especially affected by sedimentation. Efforts in reducing loads by designing management practices are hampered by lack of quantitative data on the relationship of erosion in the watersheds and sediment accumulation on flood plains, lakes and reservoirs. The objective of this study is to develop a prototype quantitative method for estimating sediment budget for tropical monsoon lakes with limited observational data. Four watersheds in the Lake Tana basin were selected for this study. The Parameter Efficient Distributed (PED) model that has shown to perform well in the Ethiopian highlands is used to overcome the data limitations and recreate the missing sediment fluxes. PED model parameters are calibrated using daily discharge data and the occasionally collected sediment concentration when establishing the sediment rating curves for the major rivers. The calibrated model parameters are then used to predict the sediment budget for the 1994-2009 period. Sediment retained in the lake is determined from two bathymetric surveys taken 20 years apart whereas the sediment leaving the lake is calculated based on measured discharge and observed sediment concentrations. Results show that annually on average 34 t/ha/year of sediment is removed from the gauged part of the Lake Tana watersheds. Depending on the up-scaling method from the gauged to the ungauged part, 21 to 32 t/ha/year (equivalent to 24-38 Mt/year) is transported from the upland watersheds of which 46% to 65% is retained in the flood plains and 93% to 96% is trapped on the flood plains and in the lake. Thus, only 4-7% of all sediment produced in the watersheds leaves the Lake Tana Basin.

ACS Style

Fasikaw A. Zimale; Mamaru A. Moges; Muluken L. Alemu; Essayas K. Ayana; Solomon S. Demissie; Seifu A. Tilahun; Tammo S. Steenhuis. Budgeting suspended sediment fluxes in tropical monsoonal watersheds with limited data: the Lake Tana basin. Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 2017, 66, 65 -78.

AMA Style

Fasikaw A. Zimale, Mamaru A. Moges, Muluken L. Alemu, Essayas K. Ayana, Solomon S. Demissie, Seifu A. Tilahun, Tammo S. Steenhuis. Budgeting suspended sediment fluxes in tropical monsoonal watersheds with limited data: the Lake Tana basin. Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics. 2017; 66 (1):65-78.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fasikaw A. Zimale; Mamaru A. Moges; Muluken L. Alemu; Essayas K. Ayana; Solomon S. Demissie; Seifu A. Tilahun; Tammo S. Steenhuis. 2017. "Budgeting suspended sediment fluxes in tropical monsoonal watersheds with limited data: the Lake Tana basin." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 66, no. 1: 65-78.

Journal article
Published: 09 September 2017 in Journal of Soils and Sediments
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Agricultural intensification to meet the food needs of the rapidly growing population in developing countries affects water quality. In regions such as the Lake Tana basin, knowledge is lacking on measures to reduce non-point source pollutants in humid tropical monsoon climates. The aim of this paper was, therefore, to develop a non-point model that can predict the placement of practices to reduce the transport of sediment and phosphorus (P) in a (sub) humid watershed. In order to achieve the objective, hydrometeorological, sediment, and P data were collected in the watershed since 2014. The parameter efficient semi-distributed watershed model (PED-WM) was calibrated and validated in the Ethiopian highlands to simulate runoff and associated sediments generated through saturation excess. The P module added to PED-WM was used to predict dissolved (DP) and particulate P (PP) loads aside from discharge and sediment loads of the 700 ha of the Awramba watershed of Lake Tana basin. The PED-WM modules were evaluated using the statistical model performance measuring techniques. The model parameter based prediction of source areas for the non-point source sediment and P was also evaluated spatially and compared with the Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) of the watershed. The water balance component of the non-point source model performed well in predicting discharge, sediment, DP, and PP with NSE of 0.7, 0.65, 0.65, and 0.63, respectively. In addition, the predicted discharge followed the hydrograph with insignificant deviation from its pattern due to seasonality. The model predicted a sediment yield of 28.2 t ha−1 year−1 and P yield of 9.2 kg ha−1 year−1 from Awrmaba. Furthermore, non-point source areas contributed to 2.7 kg ha−1 year−1 (29%) of DP at the outlet. The main runoff and sediment source areas identified using PED-WM were the periodically saturated runoff areas. These saturated areas were also the main source for DP and PP transport in the catchment. Using the PED-WM with the P module enables the identification of the source areas as well as the prediction of P and sediment loading which yields valuable information for watershed management and placement of best management practices.

ACS Style

Mamaru A. Moges; Petra Schmitter; Seifu A. Tilahun; Tammo S. Steenhuis. Watershed modeling for reducing future non-point source sediment and phosphorus load in the Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia. Journal of Soils and Sediments 2017, 18, 309 -322.

AMA Style

Mamaru A. Moges, Petra Schmitter, Seifu A. Tilahun, Tammo S. Steenhuis. Watershed modeling for reducing future non-point source sediment and phosphorus load in the Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia. Journal of Soils and Sediments. 2017; 18 (1):309-322.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mamaru A. Moges; Petra Schmitter; Seifu A. Tilahun; Tammo S. Steenhuis. 2017. "Watershed modeling for reducing future non-point source sediment and phosphorus load in the Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia." Journal of Soils and Sediments 18, no. 1: 309-322.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Journal of Water Resource and Protection
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Recently there are signs of water quality impairment in Lake Tana, the largest fresh water in Ethiopia. The lake is the growth corridor of the government and supports millions of livelihood around. In order to sustain the benefit and maintain the ecosystem of the lake, the lake health has to be kept safe. Therefore monitoring and evaluation of the water quality of lake is very vital. This study focuses on current and previous trends water quality of the lake through measurements and Landsat Images near entry of Gumera River. Statistical analysis of the physical (Turbidity and STD and biological (Cha-a,) and chemical (DPC) water quality parameters were done. Linear and non-linear regression models between water quality parameter and reflectance of Landsat 7 ETM+ images were fitted based on band combinations. Pervious trend in turbidity was analyzed based on the regression models. The results showed that reflectance and turbidity satisfactorily result with an R2 ranging from 0.61 - 0.68. Form 1999-2014 the turbidity of the lake has indicated an increasing trend. Delta development near the entry of Gumera River has been enlarged by 48% because of an increase sediment inflow. The sign in the decreasing water quality of the lake was attributed to the non-point source sediment and nutrient inflow to the lake with high erosion rate from the watersheds. Measures to reduce the non-point source sediment and nutrient inflow by targeting the source areas (hot spots) in the agricultural watersheds need to be priority for stakeholders working on the soil and water conservation. Moreover, reducing the recession agriculture around the lake and wetland management could be crucial for improving lake water quality.

ACS Style

Mamaru A. Moges; Petra Schmitter; Seifu A. Tilahun; Essays K. Ayana; Atikilt A. Ketema; Temsgen E. Nigussie; Tammo S. Steenhuis. Water Quality Assessment by Measuring and Using Landsat 7 ETM+ Images for the Current and Previous Trend Perspective: Lake Tana Ethiopia. Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2017, 09, 1564 -1585.

AMA Style

Mamaru A. Moges, Petra Schmitter, Seifu A. Tilahun, Essays K. Ayana, Atikilt A. Ketema, Temsgen E. Nigussie, Tammo S. Steenhuis. Water Quality Assessment by Measuring and Using Landsat 7 ETM+ Images for the Current and Previous Trend Perspective: Lake Tana Ethiopia. Journal of Water Resource and Protection. 2017; 09 (12):1564-1585.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mamaru A. Moges; Petra Schmitter; Seifu A. Tilahun; Essays K. Ayana; Atikilt A. Ketema; Temsgen E. Nigussie; Tammo S. Steenhuis. 2017. "Water Quality Assessment by Measuring and Using Landsat 7 ETM+ Images for the Current and Previous Trend Perspective: Lake Tana Ethiopia." Journal of Water Resource and Protection 09, no. 12: 1564-1585.

Journal article
Published: 19 May 2016 in CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water
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Intensifying agriculture in Africa is degrading the water quality of rivers and lakes, thereby threatening the sustainable use of water resources. In Lake Tana in the Ethiopian highlands the first signs of eutrophication were recently observed. Since relatively little is known about the non-point source pollution in sub-Saharan Africa, the objective was to examine non-point sources phosphorus contribution of an agricultural watershed near Lake Tana. The 7-km2 Awramba watershed was selected. Dissolved phosphorus concentration (DPC) in groundwater and soil-available phosphorus was measured at three landscape positions and discharge, sediment and DPC at the outlet. The results indicated that DPC in groundwater was most elevated in the periodically saturated valley bottoms while available P was the greatest in the cropped fields at mid-slope. The DPC increased with discharge. During base flow the concentration in the stream was similar to that in ground water. The results were consistent with other hydrological watershed studies in which the major source of runoff, erosion and phosphorus originated from valley bottom lands. Hence, converting the periodically saturated areas in the stream corridor to buffer zones with reduced P input can be an important tool in reducing P from rural watersheds in the Ethiopian highlands.

ACS Style

Mamaru A. Moges; Seifu A. Tilahun; Essayas K. Ayana; Michael M. Moges; Nigus Gabye; Shree Giri; Tammo S. Steenhuis. Non-Point Source Pollution of Dissolved Phosphorus in the Ethiopian Highlands: The Awramba Watershed Near Lake Tana. CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water 2016, 44, 703 -709.

AMA Style

Mamaru A. Moges, Seifu A. Tilahun, Essayas K. Ayana, Michael M. Moges, Nigus Gabye, Shree Giri, Tammo S. Steenhuis. Non-Point Source Pollution of Dissolved Phosphorus in the Ethiopian Highlands: The Awramba Watershed Near Lake Tana. CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water. 2016; 44 (6):703-709.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mamaru A. Moges; Seifu A. Tilahun; Essayas K. Ayana; Michael M. Moges; Nigus Gabye; Shree Giri; Tammo S. Steenhuis. 2016. "Non-Point Source Pollution of Dissolved Phosphorus in the Ethiopian Highlands: The Awramba Watershed Near Lake Tana." CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water 44, no. 6: 703-709.

Book chapter
Published: 05 February 2014 in Nile River Basin
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Future river discharge predictions seldom take into account the degrading landscape. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of river discharge and sediment concentrations, and the effect of changing landscape and climate on discharge and sediment transport in the Ethiopian Blue Nile basin. This study used past precipitation records and the Parameter Efficient Distributed (PED) model to examine how the relationship between precipitation, discharge, and sediment concentration changed with time. All input data to the PED model were kept constant except for a conversion of permeable hillside to degraded soil in time. The results of this study show that with a gradual increase of the degraded areas from 10 % in the 1960s to 22 % in 2000s, the observed discharge pattern and sediment concentration can be simulated well. Simulated annual runoff increased by 10 % over the 40-year periods as a result of the increase in degraded soils. Sediment loads appeared to have increased many times more, but this needs to be further validated as data availability is limited. In general, the results indicate that rehabilitating the degraded and bare areas by planting permanent vegetation can be effective in decreasing the sediment concentration in the rivers. Research should be undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of vegetation planting.

ACS Style

Tammo S. Steenhuis; Seifu A. Tilahun; Zelalem K. Tesemma; Tigist Y. Tebebu; Mamaru Moges; Fasikaw A. Zimale; Abeyou W. Worqlul; Muluken L. Alemu; Essayas K. Ayana; Yasir A. Mohamed. Soil Erosion and Discharge in the Blue Nile Basin: Trends and Challenges. Nile River Basin 2014, 133 -147.

AMA Style

Tammo S. Steenhuis, Seifu A. Tilahun, Zelalem K. Tesemma, Tigist Y. Tebebu, Mamaru Moges, Fasikaw A. Zimale, Abeyou W. Worqlul, Muluken L. Alemu, Essayas K. Ayana, Yasir A. Mohamed. Soil Erosion and Discharge in the Blue Nile Basin: Trends and Challenges. Nile River Basin. 2014; ():133-147.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tammo S. Steenhuis; Seifu A. Tilahun; Zelalem K. Tesemma; Tigist Y. Tebebu; Mamaru Moges; Fasikaw A. Zimale; Abeyou W. Worqlul; Muluken L. Alemu; Essayas K. Ayana; Yasir A. Mohamed. 2014. "Soil Erosion and Discharge in the Blue Nile Basin: Trends and Challenges." Nile River Basin , no. : 133-147.