Corticosteroids are most commonly used to treat HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM); however, their clinical efficacy has not been tested in randomized clinical trials. This randomized controlled trial included 8 and 30 HAM patients with rapidly and slowly progressing walking disabilities, respectively. Rapid progressors were assigned (1:1) to receive or not receive a 3-day course of intravenous methylprednisolone in addition to oral prednisolone therapy. Meanwhile, slow progressors were assigned (1:1) to receive oral prednisolone or placebo. The primary outcomes were a composite of ≥1-grade improvement in the Osame Motor Disability Score or ≥30% improvement in the 10 m walking time (10 mWT) at week 2 for rapid progressors and changes from baseline in 10 mWT at week 24 for slow progressors. In the rapid progressor trial, all four patients with but only one of four without intravenous methylprednisolone achieved the primary outcome (p = 0.14). In the slow progressor trial, the median changes in 10 mWT were −13.8% (95% CI: −20.1–−7.1; p < 0.001) and −6.0% (95% CI: −12.8–1.3; p = 0.10) with prednisolone and placebo, respectively (p for between-group difference = 0.12). Whereas statistical significance was not reached for the primary endpoints, the overall data indicated the benefit of corticosteroid therapy. (Registration number: UMIN000023798, UMIN000024085)

This was a single-centre, retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with HAM/TSP based on the WHO criteria.4 Patients who were continuously treated with oral prednisolone (PSL) therapy and had the following data were enrolled: CXCL10 and neopterin concentrations in the CSF measured before and after the initiation of PSL therapy and serial data of the Osame motor disability score (OMDS) (online supplementary figure S1).5

Background: Acceptable post-transplant outcomes were reported in kidney transplant recipients from donors with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, there are no comparative studies with well-matched controls. Methods: This multicenter, prospective observational study, which included three transplant centers in the United States, enrolled 61 kidney recipients from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–infected deceased donors. Using optimal matching methods, we matched every recipient to three comparators receiving kidneys from SARS-CoV-2–negative deceased donors with otherwise highly similar characteristics in the same transplant centers to compare 6-month eGFR. Results: Among recipients of SARS-CoV-2–infected donor kidneys, one recipient died with a functional graft within 6 months. Mean 6-month eGFR was not significantly different between SARS-CoV-2–infected and noninfected donor groups (55±21 and 57±25 ml/min per 1.73 m², respectively; P = 0.61). Six-month eGFR in recipients from SARS-CoV-2–infected donors who died of reasons other than COVID-19 was not significantly different from those from SARS-CoV-2–negative donors (58±22 and 56±25 ml/min per 1.73 m², respectively; P = 0.51). However, recipients from donors who died of COVID-19 had significantly lower 6-month eGFR than those from SARS-CoV-2–negative donors (46±17 and 58±27 ml/min per 1.73 m², respectively; P = 0.03). No donor-to-recipient SARS-CoV-2 transmission was observed. Conclusions: Six-month eGFR was not significantly different between recipients of kidneys from SARS-CoV-2–infected and noninfected donors. However, those receiving kidneys from donors who died of COVID-19 had significantly lower 6-month eGFR. Donor-to-recipient SARS-CoV-2 transmission was not observed.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the accuracy and clinical significance of an artificial intelligence (AI)-based automated Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography (ASPECT) scoring software of head CT for the indication of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) therapy. Methods: This study included two populations of acute ischemic stroke: one comprised patients who had undergone head CT within 48 h of presentation (Population #1, n = 448), while the other included patients within 4.5 h from onset (Population #2, n = 132). The primary endpoint was the concordance rate of ASPECTS of the neurologists and AI software against the benchmark score. The secondary endpoints were to validate the accuracy of the neurologist and AI software in assessing the ability to rule out extensive infarction (ASPECTS of 0–5) in population #2. Results: The reading accuracy of AI software was comparable to that of the board-certified vascular neurologists. The detection rate of cardiogenic cerebral embolism was better than that of atherothrombotic cerebral infarction. By excluding extensive infarction, AI-software showed a higher specificity and equivalent sensitivity compared to those of experts. Conclusions: The AI software for ASPECTS showed convincing agreement with expert evaluation and would be supportive in determining the indications of intravenous rt-PA therapy.

(1) Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of a three-dimensional motion-analysis system (AKIRA^®) as a quantitative measure of motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). (2) Method: This study included 48 patients with PD. We measured their motion during 2 m of walking using AKIRA^®, we calculated the tilt angles of the neck and trunk, ankle height, and gait speed, then we compared these parameters with the MDS-UPDRS and the Hoehn and Yahr scale. Furthermore, we measured these AKIRA indicators before and after 1 year of observation. (3) Results: The forward tilt angle of the neck showed a strong correlation with the scores on parts II, III, and the total MDS-UPDRS, and the tilt angle of the trunk showed a moderate correlation with those measures. The lateral tilt angle of the trunk showed a moderate correlation with a freezing of the gait and a postural instability. Regarding changes over the course of 1 year (n = 34), the total scores on part III of the MDS-UPDRS and the forward tilt angle of the neck improved, while the lateral tilt angle of the trunk worsened. (4) Conclusion: Taken together, the forward and lateral tilt angles of the neck and trunk as measured by AKIRA^® can be a candidate for quantitative severity index in patients with PD.