Objectives: The aim of this study was to report the incidence of transfusion reactions in cats, including acute haemolysis (AH), occurring within 24 h of receiving a xenotransfusion. An additional aim was to determine whether cases with AH could be classified as having an acute haemolytic transfusion reaction (AHTR) as per the definition provided by the Association of Veterinary Haematology and Transfusion Medicine’s Transfusion Reaction Small Animal Consensus Statement. Methods: Medical records of cats that received canine packed red blood cells (PRBCs) between July 2018 and September 2020 at a veterinary hospital were reviewed. The incidence of AH, AHTRs, febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reactions (FNHTRs), transfusion-associated circulatory overload and septic transfusion reactions were recorded. Results: The medical records of 53 cats were retrospectively evaluated. Twenty-three (43%) cats had transfusion reactions. Thirteen (25%) cats had AH; however, only four (8%) met the definition of an AHTR. Ten (19%) cats were determined to have FNHTRs. Survival to discharge of cats affected by AH was 50% (25% for cases that met the definition of an AHTR). Survival to discharge of cats not suffering from AHTR was 40%. Conclusions and relevance: This report indicates that a higher proportion of cats undergo AH (25%) when administered canine PRBCs than previously reported, although many could not be classed as having an AHTR due to an apparently adequate packed cell volume rise. Challenges with sourcing feline blood in emergency situations occasionally necessitates the use of xenotransfusion in transfusion medicine. Clinicians should be aware that haemolysis after xenotransfusion can occur within 24 h and that a repeat feline transfusion may be required sooner than anticipated in some cases.

Background: Limited data exist on the diagnosis and successful medical management of suspected pancreatic abscessation, and the appropriate terminology of this condition. Hypothesis/Objectives: To describe the diagnosis and management of pancreatic fluid accumulations in dogs where pancreatic fluid cytology results were available, to describe those medically and surgically managed at the same institution, and reconsider the terminology describing acute pancreatitis with pancreatic fluid accumulation. Animals: Fifteen dogs treated for suspected pancreatic abscessation at a university teaching hospital between January 2010 and March 2020. Methods: Retrospective descriptive study. Results: Ultrasonographic findings described pancreatic fluid accumulations as hypoechoic in 10/15 and anechoic in 2/15 cases, ranging between 1.6 and 7 cm in diameter (median, 3.5 cm). No complications were documented after ultrasound guided fine-needle aspiration. Cytologically, all samples revealed a predominantly neutrophilic inflammation. 11/15 samples yielded a negative culture (9/11 received antimicrobials before sampling) and in 4 cases culture was positive. 7/15 were initially managed surgically including all 4 infected cases. 4/7 surgically managed cases were discharged, including 2 infected cases. The remaining 3/7 surgically managed cases were euthanized due poor quality of life. 8/15 cases were managed medically; 7/8 were discharged, 1 died. 3/7 then represented, and underwent successful surgical intervention after recrudescence of clinical signs, and all were discharged. The remaining 4 medically managed cases did not require further therapeutic intervention, with no clinical deterioration on reassessment. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Medical management is a viable treatment option for some dogs with pancreatic fluid accumulation, or as a prequel to surgical management. Subclassifications of pancreatic fluid accumulations using diagnostic findings could enable more tailored management approaches and accurate prognostication.

Objective: To report summative data from the American College of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care (ACVECC)‐Veterinary Committee on Trauma (VetCOT) registry, with further individual evaluation of university and private practices and level I and II Veterinary Trauma Centers (VTCs).Design: Multi‐institutional registry data report, January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021.Setting: VTCs identified and verified by ACVECC‐VetCOT.Animals: Dogs and cats with evidence of trauma.Interventions: Data were input to a web‐based data capture system (REDCap) by data entry personnel trained in registry software use and operational definitions of data variables. Patient data on demographics, trauma type, preadmission care, trauma severity assessment at presentation (modified Glasgow Coma Score and Animal Trauma Triage score), key laboratory parameters, interventions, and outcome were collected. Summary descriptive data for each species are reported.Measurements and Main Results: Twenty‐two VTCs contributed data to the VetCOT registry during a 24‐month period, culminating in a total of 9758 complete trauma case records for dogs and 11734 for cats. Head trauma in dogs and cats was seen at a higher percentage in both university‐only VTCs (encompassing both level I and II) (20.1% and 24.1%, respectively) and level I‐only VTCs (24.3% and 24.1%, respectively), in comparison to private‐only VTCs (encompassing both level I and II) (13.5% and 16.2%, respectively) and individual level II VTCs (14.1% and 18.9%, respectively). Canine and feline surgical procedures were performed at a higher percentage at university VTCs (50% and 40.5%, respectively) compared to private VTCs (39.2% and 28.6%, respectively). Overall survival to discharge for dogs and cats remains high at 93.1% and 83.6%, respectively.Conclusions: The VetCOT registry has continued to show powerful potential in collating a large, multifaceted, international dataset in trauma for both dogs and cats. As published in previous VetCOT registry reports, survival to discharge has remained static across both university and private practice veterinary hospitals; however, further breakdown has identified university and level I VTCs admitting and managing a higher number of head traumas, as well as university VTCs performing a higher proportion of surgical procedures. Data from this registry will continue to aid in the design of clinical trials, prospective observational studies, and translational research, which will improve the understanding and outcome of trauma patients.

Objective: To report summative data from the American College of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Veterinary Committee on Trauma (ACVECC‐VetCOT) registry, with further summary reporting based on geographic region and human population density. Design: Multi‐institutional registry data report, January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2023. Setting: Twenty‐two Veterinary Trauma Centers (VTCs) identified and verified by ACVECC‐VetCOT. Animals: Dogs and cats with evidence of traumatic injury presented to contributing hospitals. Procedures: Data were input into a web‐based data capture system (Research Electronic Data Capture) by data entry personnel. Patient data on demographics, trauma type, preadmission care, trauma severity assessment at presentation, key laboratory parameters, interventions, and outcome were collected. Descriptive statistics were performed for each species reported. Results: Twenty‐two VTCs in North America and the United Kingdom contributed data to the VetCOT registry between January 1, 2022 and December 31, 2023. A total of 9,820 cases (8,130 dog, 1,690 cat) were reported. The top three causes of trauma in dogs were penetrating bite wounds (35% of all dog trauma cases), vehicular strikes (17%), and lacerations (12%); in cats, unknown blunt trauma (22% of all cat trauma cases), penetrating bite wounds (20%), and falls from heights (14%) were the leading causes of trauma. Prevalence of trauma types across geographic regions was similar except for porcupine quilling, which occurred primarily in the Northeast of the United States. Vehicular trauma and porcupine quilling occurred commonly in rural VTCs, whereas falls from heights and nonpenetrating bite wounds occurred commonly in urban VTCs. Survival to discharge remained high in both dogs and cats (93.1% and 83.7%, respectively). Clinical Relevance: The ACVECC‐VetCOT registry provides a foundation for retrospective evaluation of traumatic injury in dogs and cats. It has already contributed to the production of numerous publications assessing relationships between demographics, trauma etiology, and trauma severity with clinical outcomes.

An adult female osprey (Pandion haliaetus) was found weak and unable to fly in Auburn, Alabama in August 2019. The bird was captured and submitted to the Southeastern Raptor Center of the Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine for evaluation. On presentation, the bird was thin with a body condition score of approximately 1.5 out of 5. The bird died during the examination and was submitted for necropsy. At the necropsy, there was a severe loss of muscle mass over the body, and the keel was prominent. The liver and spleen were moderately enlarged with pale tan to red foci randomly scattered throughout the parenchyma. A histopathologic observation revealed multifocal to coalescing areas of necrosis and hemorrhage with intralesional protozoans in the liver, spleen, lungs, kidney, sciatic nerve, esophagus, cerebrum, heart, and proventriculus. Immunohistochemistry using anti-Toxoplasma gondii-specific antibodies showed a strong positive labeling of the parasite. Semi-nested PCR, specific for the B1 gene of T. gondii, successfully identified T. gondii. This is the first confirmed case of T. gondii infection in an osprey.

Adverse drug events are classified into type A (dose‐dependent and common) or type B (idiosyncratic and uncommon) reactions. Benzimidazole toxicosis in veterinary medicine typically induces nonspecific signs such as gastrointestinal distress and infrequent myelosuppression. Pancytopenia from benzimidazoles is exceptionally rare, with only one reported case. We present a 12‐year‐old, female, spayed, mixed‐breed dog with acute lethargy, anorexia, pyrexia and severe leukopenia after high‐dose benzimidazole therapy for suspected liver fluke infection. Despite hospitalisation, the dog remained unresponsive to antimicrobial therapies, developed neutropenic sepsis and was euthanized. Bone marrow analysis indicated marked haematopoietic hypoplasia suggestive of a type A adverse drug event secondary to an incidental, high‐dose fenbendazole administration.