Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and characteristic variables selection methods were used to develop a quick method for the determination of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents in Sargassum horneri. Calibration models for cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in Sargassum horneri were established using partial least square regression methods with full variables (full-PLSR). The PLSR calibration models were established by four characteristic variables selection methods, including interval partial least square (iPLS), competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), correlation coefficient (CC), and genetic algorithm (GA). The results showed that the performance of the four calibration models, namely iPLS-PLSR, CARS-PLSR, CC-PLSR, and GA-PLSR, was better than the full-PLSR calibration model. The iPLS method was best in the performance of the models. For iPLS-PLSR, the determination coefficient (R²), root mean square error (RMSE), and residual predictive deviation (RPD) of the prediction set were as follows: 0.8955, 0.8232%, and 3.0934 for cellulose, 0.8669, 0.4697%, and 2.7406 for hemicellulose, and 0.7307, 0.7533%, and 1.9272 for lignin, respectively. These findings indicate that the NIR calibration models can be used to predict cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents in Sargassum horneri quickly and accurately.

Oxy-fuel combustion technology is an effective way to reduce CO₂ emissions. An ionic liquid [emim][Tf₂N] was used to capture the CO₂ in flue gas from oxy-fuel combustion plant. The process of the CO₂ capture was simulated using Aspen Plus. The results show that when the liquid–gas ratio is 1.55, the volume fraction of CO₂ in the exhaust gas is controlled to about 2%. When the desorption pressure is 0.01 MPa, desorption efficiency is 98.2%. Additionally, based on the designability of ionic liquids, a hypothesis on the physical properties of ionic liquids is proposed to evaluate their influence on the absorption process and heat exchanger design. The process evaluation results show that an ionic liquid having a large density, a large thermal conductivity, and a high heat capacity at constant pressure is advantageous. This paper shows that from capture energy consumption and lean circulation, oxy-fuel combustion is a more economical method. Furthermore, it provides a feasible path for the treatment of CO₂ in the waste gas of oxy-fuel combustion. Meanwhile, Aspen simulation helps speed up the application of ionic liquids and oxy-fuel combustion. Process evaluation helps in equipment design and selection.

Cu-Mg-Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with amine modification were prepared by an organic combination of an anionic surfactant-mediated method and an ultrasonic spalling method using N-aminoethyl-γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane as a grafting agent. The materials were characterized by elemental analysis, XRD, SEM, FTIR, TGA, and XPS. The effects of the Cu²⁺ content on the surface morphology and the CO₂ adsorption of Cu-Mg-Al LDHs were investigated, and the kinetics of the CO₂ adsorption and the photocatalytic reduction of CO₂ were further analyzed. The results indicated that the amine-modified method and appropriate Cu²⁺ contents can improve the surface morphology, the increase amine loading and the free-amino functional groups of the materials, which were beneficial to CO₂ capture and adsorption. The CO₂ adsorption capacity of Cu-Mg-Al N was 1.82 mmol·g⁻¹ at 30 °C and a 0.1 MPa pure CO₂ atmosphere. The kinetic model confirmed that CO₂ adsorption was governed by both the physical and chemical adsorption, which could be enhanced with the increase of the Cu²⁺ content. The chemical adsorption was suppressed, when the Cu²⁺ content was too high. Cu-Mg-Al N can photocatalytically reduce CO₂ to methanol with Cu²⁺ as an active site, which can significantly improve the CO₂ adsorption and photocatalytic conversion.

One-dimensional (1D) nanotube architectures have found extensive applications in photocatalytic hydrogen generation. However, a systematic review comprehensively discussing the characteristics of these architectures and their specific applications in this field is still lacking. In this review, we first summarized the fundamentals of photocatalytic hydrogen generation and the major categories of nanotube architectures, with a particular focus on the unique features of nanotubes for photocatalytic hydrogen generation, including increased specific surface area, spatial confinement effect, cavity enhancement effect, enhanced axial and radial electron transport, reaction interface separation induced by coaxial heterostructures, improved hydrogen nucleation and diffusion, and adaptability to various photocatalytic systems. We reviewed the major categories of nanotube architectures, summarizing the overview, synthesis methods, and specific applications in wired and unwired photocatalytic hydrogen generation of the following systems: transition and metalloid oxysalts, TiO2, other metal oxides and their derivatives, transition metal pnictides and chalcogenides, carbon, carbon nitride and derivatives, other inorganic non-metallic materials, organic and organic–inorganic hybrid materials, and nickel-iron layered double hydroxides (NiFe-LDH). Finally, we explored theoretical modeling and calculations of 1D nanotube architectures for photocatalytic hydrogen generation. This review aims to systematically summarize the common and unique features of nanotubes in photocatalytic hydrogen generation, providing insights to advance research in this field.