Maximum power extraction from the photovoltaic (PV) system plays a critical role in increasing efficiency during partial shading conditions (PSC's). The higher cost and low conversion efficiency of the PV panel necessitate the extraction of the maximum power point (MPP). So, a suitable maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique to track the MPP is of high need, even under PSC's. This study gives an extensive review of 23 MPPT techniques present in literature along with recent publications on various hardware design methodologies. MPPT classification is done into three categories, i.e. Classical, Intelligent and Optimisation depending on the tracking algorithm utilised. During uniform insolation, classical methods are highly preferred as there is only one peak in the P – V curve. However, under PSC's, the P – V curve exhibits multiple peaks, one global MPP (GMPP) and the remaining are local MPPs. Hence, Intelligent and Optimisation techniques came into limelight to differentiate the GMPP out of all LMPPs. Every MPPT technique has its advantages and limits, but a streamlined MPPT is drafted in numerous parameters like sensors required, hardware implementation, tracking in PSC's, cost, tracking speed and tracking efficiency. This present study aimed to address the advancement in this area for further research.

To achieve clean and sustainable energy, the demand for renewable energy has been increasing day‐by‐day. As it is known the conversion efficiency of PV cells is very less, which motivates further research in the development of PV systems. Incorporating the power converters of less cost, more life‐time, compact size, and preferably low complexity will address the above‐mentioned limitation. To achieve optimum performance from PV systems for different applications especially in interfacing the utility to renewable energy sources, choosing an appropriate grid‐tied inverter is crucial. The different types of PV inverter topologies for central, string, multi‐string, and micro architectures are reviewed. These PV inverters are further classified and analysed by a number of conversion stages, presence of transformer, and type of decoupling capacitor used. This study reviews the inverter topologies for all PV architectures, which is new of its type. All the parameters such as merits, demerits, complexity, power devices of the aforementioned PV inverter are drafted and tabulated at the end of every classification. Different control strategies for balanced and unbalanced grid integration such as , , , fault ride through, and unified power flow control are discussed. This review would be helpful for researchers in this field to select a most feasible inverter for their application, as this study reviews considerable number of PV inverters on one platform.

Optimising the performance of power system networks using conventional methods is quite difficult because of the complex nature of systems that are highly non-linear and non-stationary. In this study a hybrid adaptive fuzzy hysteresis current controller for shunt active power filter (SAPF) is proposed. The conventional adaptive hysteresis concept is hybridised with fuzzy logic controller (FLC), which facilitates discarding of uncertainty in the system. In fact, conventional proportional-integral (PI) controllers for shunt active filter are based on a linearised model that fails to react under transient events. On the other side, FLC has widened its applicability to many engineering fields and offers satisfactory results for a wide variety of operating conditions. It helps in fulfilling the need for perfection, such as stability and robustness for every system. All this motivated to adopt FLC for SAPF applications. By incorporating an adaptive fuzzy hysteresis band, active power filter (APF) gains outstanding compensation ability under steady-state and transient conditions. To validate the proposed approach, the system is implemented on a real-time digital simulator and adequate results are reported for its verification.