The taxonomic placement of species within the genus Pseudhapalopus Strand, 1907 is addressed and revised in a modern context alongside other similar taxa. The genotype Pseudhapalopus aculeatus Strand, 1907 is proposed as a species inquirenda. Cymbiapophysagen. nov. is established to house Cymbiapophysa velox (Pocock, 1903) comb. nov. and Cymbiapophysa yimanasp. nov., based on palpal bulb, tibial apophyses, palpal tibial, and spermathecal morphology. Spinosatibiapalpusgen. nov. is established to house Spinosatibiapalpus spinulopalpusSchmidt & Weinmann, 1997comb. nov., Spinosatibiapalpus tansleyisp. nov. and Spinosatibiapalpus trinitatiscomb. nov. based on palpal bulb, tibial apophyses, palpal tibial, and spermathecal morphology. Pseudhapalopus trinitatis pauciaculeis (Strand, 1916) is proposed as a junior synonym of Spinosatibiapalpus trinitatissyn. nov. based on indistinguishable palpal bulb, tibial apophysis, and palpal tibial morphology. Bumba pulcherrimaklaasi (Schmidt, 1991) is proposed as a nomen dubium due to the condition of the holotype and an inadequate original description. The monotypic species Miaschistopus tetricus (Simon, 1889) is redescribed with an emended generic diagnosis. New aspects of palpal bulb morphology are considered with introduction of novel terminology.

The genera LasiodoridesSchmidt & Bischoff, 1997 and Thrixopelma Schmidt, 1994 are preliminarily revised, and their taxonomy stabilized. Both sexes of Lasiodorides polycuspulatusSchmidt & Bischoff, 1997, and the male of Lasiodorides striatus (Schmidt & Antonelli, 1996) are redescribed, and the genus Lasiodorides is rediagnosed. Lasiodorides rolinaeTesmoingt, 1999 is proposed as a junior synonym of L. polycuspulatussyn. nov., based on colouration and spermathecal morphology. Lasiodorides remotus Schmidt, 2007 is proposed as a junior synonym of L. polycuspulatussyn. nov., based on spermathecal morphology. Thrixopelma aymara (Chamberlin, 1916) and Thrixopelma lagunasSchmidt & Rudloff, 2010 are redescribed. Thrixopelma ockerti Schmidt, 1994 is illustrated from the syntype series and redescribed based on a non-type female from Iquitos, Peru, held in the collections of the Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru. Thrixopelma longicolli (Schmidt, 2003) comb. nov. is newly transferred from Lasiodorides to Thrixopelma based on palpal bulb morphology, and the holotype male is redescribed. The inherent problems of the paratype exuviae of this taxon are also discussed. Thrixopelma peruvianum (Schmidt, 2007) comb. nov. is newly transferred from EuathlusAusserer, 1875 following examination of the holotype female exuvia and a conspecific non-type female exuvia. Thrixopelma cyaneolum Schmidt, Friebolin & Friebolin, 2005 is discussed ad illustrated from the syntype female exuviae. Thrixopelma pruriensSchmidt, 1998 is discussed and illustrated from the holotype female exuvia, and the problematic non-type material discussed. Finally, we argue that future designation of exuviae as type specimens of novel theraphosid spiders should be considered an unacceptable practice in arachnology.

A new species of CymbiapophysaGabriel & Sherwood, 2020, C. magnasp. nov. is described from Colombia. Proshapalopus marimbaiPerafán & Valencia-Cuéllar, 2018 is transferred to Cymbiapophysa from ProshapalopusMello-Leitão, 1923, based on male palpal bulb and tibial apophysis morphology, female spermathecal morphology, comparative labial cuspule counts in both sexes, and biogeography, creating the new combination Cymbiapophysa marimbaicomb. nov. Aspects of some structures of the male palpal bulb are also discussed.

Three new species of the genus PsalmopoeusPocock, 1895 are described from Central America: P. copanensissp. nov. from Honduras, P. sandersonisp. nov. from Belize, and P. petenensissp. nov. from Guatemala. The taxonomic placement of other species within the Reduncus Group is addressed: P. intermediusChamberlin, 1940 is redescribed and its type locality discussed, P. reduncus (Karsch, 1880) is redescribed from a lectotype and paralectotype designated herein, P. mayaWitt, 1996 is considered a species inquirenda based on the type series being absent from its stated repository, and additional morphological data for P. victoriMendoza, 2014 is detailed to complement the original description. Furthermore, a morphometric methodology for evaluation of female spermathecae is presented and its use in species delineation discussed.

Three species of the genus PsalmopoeusPocock, 1895 which were described by Pocock (1903) are taxonomically reevaluated. P. ecclesiasticusPocock, 1903 is redescribed, with the genital organ morphology of both sexes illustrated and its distribution discussed. P. emeraldusPocock, 1903 is considered species inquirenda due to a lack of viable taxonomical features and P. plantarisPocock, 1903 is tentatively maintained with discussion on its described colouration. The presence of elongate lyra emergent from dark circular bases is recognised as a valuable generic differentiator but questions are raised over the validity of the stridulation organ as a viable taxonomic feature for species level identification within the genus Psalmopoeus.