Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) has a great beneficial health effect; it has been used in traditional medicine by many cultures. Likewise, the α-amylase inhibitors are potential compounds in the development of drugs for the treatment of diabetes. The beneficial health effects of fenugreek lead us to explore the chemical composition of the seeds and their antioxidant and α-amylase inhibition activities. The flavonoid extraction from fenugreek seeds was achieved with methanol through a Soxhlet apparatus. Then, the flavonoid glycosides were characterized using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS analysis. The antioxidant capacity of fenugreek seed was measured using DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, and CUPRAC assays. Finally, the α-amylase inhibition activity was carried out using in vitro and in silico methods. The methanolic extract was found to contain high amounts of total phenolics (154.68 ± 1.50 μg GAE/mg E), flavonoids (37.69 ± 0.73 μg QE/mg E). The highest radical-scavenging ability was recorded for the methanolic extract against DPPH (IC₅₀ = 556.6 ± 9.87 μg/mL), ABTS (IC₅₀ = 593.62 ± 9.35 μg/mL). The ME had the best reducing power according to the CUPRAC (A 0.5 = 451.90 ± 9.07 μg/mL). The results indicate that the methanolic extracts of fenugreek seed best α-amylase inhibition activities IC₅₀ = 653.52 ± 3.24 μg/mL. Twenty-seven flavonoids were detected, and all studied flavonoids selected have good affinity and stabilize very well in the pocket of α-amylase. The interactions between the studied flavonoids with α-amylase were investigated. The flavonoids from fenugreek seed present a good inhibitory effect against α-amylase, which is beneficial for the prevention of diabetes and its complications.

The germination and early growth of three Medicago sativa varieties (American, Italian and Algerian) are evaluated in this study in relation to the effectiveness of a plant-based compost tea made from Djelfa compost tea in March 2024. According to physicochemical characterization, the compost tea had a rich mineral content with notable concentrations of bicarbonate and sulfate, a slightly acidic pH (6.78) and high electrical conductivity (3517.5 µS/cm). The Italian variety had the highest germination rate (88%), followed by the American (80%) and Algerian (48%) varieties, demonstrating genotype-dependent responsiveness in germination trials. Measurements of root and shoot growth also showed improved seedling quality, especially in the American variety, which exhibited the highest growth rate increases under compost tea treatment. These findings highlight how Djelfa compost tea can enhance alfalfa's early developmental stages by promoting growth and enriching nutrients. In order to maximize the benefits of compost tea, the study highlights the significance of varietal selection and dose optimization. This study offers important insights into sustainable agricultural practices through demonstrating the potential of eco-friendly compost teas and stressing the significance of adjusting their application to genotype-specific responses in Medicago sativa.