Percutaneous vertebroplasty is a minimally invasive treatment technique for vertebral body compression fractures. The complications associated with this technique can be categorized into mild, moderate, and severe. Among these, the most prevalent complication is cement leakage, which may insert into the epidural, intradiscal, foraminal, and paravertebral regions, and even the venous system. The occurrence of a postprocedural infection carries a notable risk which is inherent to any percutaneous procedure. While the majority of these complications manifest without symptoms, they can potentially lead to severe outcomes. This review aims to consolidate the various complications linked to vertebroplasty, drawing from the experiences of a single medical center.

In recent years, advancements in technology have allowed the use of contrast-enhanced ultrasounds (CEUS) with high-frequency transducers, which in turn, led to new possibilities in diagnosing a variety of diseases and conditions in the field of radiology, including neonatal brain imaging. CEUSs overcome some of the limitations of conventional ultrasounds (US) and Doppler USs. It allows the visualization of dynamic perfusion even in the smallest vessels in the whole brain and allows the quantitative analysis of perfusion parameters. An increasing number of articles are published on the topic of the use of CEUSs on children each year. In the area of brain imaging, the CEUS has already proven to be useful in cases with clinical indications, such as hypoxic-ischemic injuries, stroke, intracranial hemorrhages, vascular anomalies, brain tumors, and infections. We present and discuss the basic principles of the CEUS and its safety considerations, the examination protocol for imaging the neonatal brain, and current and emerging clinical applications.

The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of calcium in the body. Altered signaling through the CaSR has been linked to the development of various tumors, such as colorectal and breast tumors. This retrospective study enrolled 79 patients who underwent surgical removal of invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (NST) to explore the expression of the CaSR in breast cancer. The patients were categorized based on age, tumor size, hormone receptor status, HER2 status, Ki-67 proliferation index, tumor grade, and TNM staging. Immunohistochemistry was conducted on core needle biopsy samples to assess CaSR expression. The results revealed a positive correlation between CaSR expression and tumor size, regardless of the tumor surrogate subtype (p = 0.001). The expression of ER exhibited a negative correlation with CaSR expression (p = 0.033). In contrast, a positive correlation was observed between CaSR expression and the presence of HER2 receptors (p = 0.002). Increased CaSR expression was significantly associated with lymph node involvement and the presence of distant metastasis (p = 0.001 and p = 0.038, respectively). CaSR values were significantly higher in the patients with increased Ki-67 (p = 0.042). Collectively, higher CaSR expression in breast cancer could suggest a poor prognosis and treatment outcome regardless of the breast cancer subtype.

Aims To elucidate whether breast imaging can predict final histologic diagnosis of lesions of uncertain malignant potential diagnosed at ultrasound core needle biopsy (CNB). Methods The imaging characteristics (mammography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) of lesions of uncertain malignant potential in the breast that were obtained by ultrasound CNB were retrospectively analyzed in 87 women. Radiologic characteristics of lesions were compared to definitive histopathologic findings. Results Out of 87 breast lesions of uncertain malignant potential, 27 (31%) were diagnosed as papillary lesions, 24 (28%) atypical ductal hyperplasia, 19 (22%) lobular intraepithelial neoplasia, 9 (10%) phyllodes tumors, 3 (3%) radial sclerosing lesions, and 5 (6%) unspecified lesions of uncertain malignant potential. The underestimation rate of malignancy at CNB based on the total number of lesions on final follow-up was 22%. Using multivariate logistic regression, Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) score (odds ratio [OR] = 12.29, p = 0.027) and Göttingen MRI scoring system (OR = 8.1, p = 0.008) were found to be independent predictors of malignancy. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that Göttingen MRI score >3 provides a plausibly good cutoff value with sensitivity of 100 (95% confidence interval [CI] 74%-100%) and specificity of 76% (95% CI 61%-88%). Conclusions Lesions of uncertain malignant potential classified as BI-RADS 5 and Göttingen score 4 or higher are at significantly higher risk of harboring malignancy and therefore should be recommended for surgical excision.

We aimed to determine diagnostic accuracy of CT-guided bone lesion biopsy for the confirmation of bone metastases in patients with breast cancer and assessment of hormone receptor status in metastatic tissue. A total of 56 female patients with breast cancer that underwent CT-guided biopsy of suspected bone metastasis were enrolled in this retrospective study. Three different techniques were employed to obtain samples from various sites of skeleton. Collectively, 11 true negative and 3 false negative findings were revealed. The sensitivity of CT-guided biopsy for diagnosing bone metastases was 93.6%, specificity was 100% and accuracy was 94.8%. Discordance in progesterone receptor status and complete concordance in estrogen receptor status was observed. Based on our single-center experience, bone metastasis biopsy should be routinely performed in patients with breast cancer and suspicious bone lesions, due to the impact on further treatment.