To study the effect of frequency on the attenuation characteristics of acoustic emission signals in wood, in this paper, two types of hard wood and soft wood were studied separately, and the energy attenuation model of the propagation process of AE sources with different frequencies was established. First, using the piezoelectric inverse effect of the AE sensor, an arbitrary waveform generator was used to generate frequency-tunable pulses in the range of 1 kHz to 150 kHz as the AE source, where the AE source energy could be regulated by the output voltage level. Then, five AE sensors were placed at equal intervals of 100 mm on the surface of the specimen to collect AE signals, and the sampling frequency was set to 500 kHz. Finally, the energy value of AE signal of each sensor was calculated based on the AC principle, and the energy attenuation model was established by exponential fitting. The results showed that both the amplitude and energy of the AE signals of different frequencies showed negative exponential decay with the increase of propagation distance, and, at the same frequency, the change of AE source energy level had no significant effect on its attenuation rate. Compared with hard wood, the energy attenuation of the AE signal of soft wood was more sensitive to the change of frequency, and, at the same frequency, the attenuation rate of soft wood was smaller than that of hard wood.