Assemblage resilience to the anthropocene: ecological and evolutionary to learn from the past to protect the future. Diversity on earth has intrinsic value and holds economic value in the form of resources and ecosystem services. How resilient resources and ecosystem services are to exploitation and environmental change should influence management. My major interest is the inference of processes that underlie the observed spatial and phylogenetic patterns of diversity and affect the resilience of populations and assemblages. Practically this requires techniques used in biogeography, molecular systematics, phylogeography and population genetics and the emerging *omics tools. Conceptually this requires the teasing apart of contributing forces of adaptation and drift, and how these two forces are affected by environmental and demographic changes.