Chalcones are a class of privileged scaffolds with high medicinal significance due to the presence of an α,β-unsaturated ketone functionality. Numerous functional modifications of chalcones have been reported, along with their pharmacological behavior. The present review aims to summarize the structures from natural sources, synthesis methods, biological characteristics against infectious and non-infectious diseases, and uses of chalcones over the past decade, and their structure–activity relationship studies are detailed in depth. This critical review provides guidelines for the future design and synthesis of various chalcones. In addition, this could be highly supportive for medicinal chemists to develop more promising candidates for various infectious and non-infectious diseases.

In this review article, we have highlighted the recent advancements in the design of fluorescence chemosensors for sensing ammonia both in the solution and vapor phases.

2′-Benzyloxy flavone as a novel dual fluorescent probe for picric acid and pH sensing.

Amino heterocycles are important in drug design due to their unique intrinsic and physicochemical properties. Though these molecules look simple, their selective reduction is challenging because of their rich electron density in the ring. Additionally, reducing nitro groups in heterocycles is crucial in designing different materials. With this in view, several reduction methods have been developed and applied to various heterocyclic compounds. However, there is no dedicated report on these special types of compounds. With careful analysis, the studies are systematically summarized from conventional methods to advance materials based on their catalytic activity, durability, recyclability, and stability. Further, detailed insights are discussed to motivate chemists working in catalysts.