To recover dimethyl sulfoxide, an organic solvent nanofiltration membrane is prepared via the interfacial polymerization method. N-Phenylthiourea (NP)is applied as a water-soluble monomer, reacted with trimesoyl chloride (TMC) on the polyetherimide substrate crosslinked by ethylenediamine. The results of attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray electron spectroscopy confirm that N-Phenylthiourea reacts with TMC. The membrane morphology is investigated through atomic force microscopy and scanning electronic microscopy, respectively. The resultant optimized TFC membranes NF-1NP exhibited stable permeance of about 4.3 L m⁻² h⁻¹ bar^-1 and rejection of 97% for crystal violet (407.98 g mol⁻¹) during a 36 h continuous separation operation. It was also found that the NF-1NP membrane has the highest rejection rate in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and the rejection rates in methanol, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate and dimethylacetamide(DMAc) are 51%, 84%, 94%, 96% and 92% respectively. The maximum flux in the methanol system is 11 L m⁻² h⁻¹ bar⁻¹, while that in acetone, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate and DMAc is 4.3 L m⁻² h⁻¹ bar⁻¹, 6.3 L m⁻² h⁻¹ bar⁻¹, 3.2 L m⁻² h⁻¹ bar⁻¹, 4.9 L m⁻² h⁻¹ bar⁻¹ and 2.1 L m⁻² h⁻¹ bar⁻¹, respectively. It was also found that the membrane prepared by N-Phenylthiourea containing aromatic groups has lower mobility and stronger solvent resistance than that of by thiosemicarbazide.

N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) has excellent chemical stability and is widely used as an aprotic polar solvent. In order to reduce production costs and reduce pollution to the surrounding environment, it is necessary to recycle and reuse DMF. Previous research has found that the thin film composite nanofiltration membrane prepared from liquefied walnut shells exhibited a high rejection rate in DMF, but relatively low permeance and mechanical strength. In order to increase permeance without compromising the separation performance, ethylenediamine (EDA) is used as a modifier to graft onto the structure of liquefied walnut shell through the Mannich reaction. Then, modified liquefied walnut shell as an aqueous monomer reacts with trimesoyl chloride (TMC) via the interfacial polymerization method on the EDA-crosslinked polyetherimide (PEI) membrane. The results show that the permeance of the prepared membrane is significantly improved by an order of magnitude, demonstrating a rejection rate of 98% for crystal violet (CV), and a permeance of 3.53 L m⁻² h⁻¹ bar⁻¹ in DMF. In conclusion, this study reveals the potential of utilizing liquefied walnut shells as raw materials for preparing high-performance separation membranes and demonstrates that surface modification is a feasible approach to enhance permeance of membranes without sacrificing the rejection rate.

The combination of PTh with MB wasincreased the specific surface area and enhance the electron transfer ability, PTh/MB was combined with COF improved the material's stability. The resulting COF/PTh/MB achieved highly sensitive detection of CA-125.