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T.J. Scanlon
James Weir Fluids Laboratory, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XJ, UK

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Journal article
Published: 01 March 2018 in Computers & Fluids
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ACS Style

Rodrigo C. Palharini; Thomas J. Scanlon; Craig White. Chemically reacting hypersonic flows over 3D cavities: Flowfield structure characterisation. Computers & Fluids 2018, 165, 173 -187.

AMA Style

Rodrigo C. Palharini, Thomas J. Scanlon, Craig White. Chemically reacting hypersonic flows over 3D cavities: Flowfield structure characterisation. Computers & Fluids. 2018; 165 ():173-187.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rodrigo C. Palharini; Thomas J. Scanlon; Craig White. 2018. "Chemically reacting hypersonic flows over 3D cavities: Flowfield structure characterisation." Computers & Fluids 165, no. : 173-187.

Journal article
Published: 14 December 2016 in Aerospace
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Hy2Foam is a newly-coded open-source two-temperature computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver that has previously been validated for zero-dimensional test cases. It aims at (1) giving open-source access to a state-of-the-art hypersonic CFD solver to students and researchers; and (2) providing a foundation for a future hybrid CFD-DSMC (direct simulation Monte Carlo) code within the OpenFOAM framework. This paper focuses on the multi-dimensional verification of hy2Foam and firstly describes the different models implemented. In conjunction with employing the coupled vibration-dissociation-vibration (CVDV) chemistry–vibration model, novel use is made of the quantum-kinetic (QK) rates in a CFD solver. hy2Foam has been shown to produce results in good agreement with previously published data for a Mach 11 nitrogen flow over a blunted cone and with the dsmcFoam code for a Mach 20 cylinder flow for a binary reacting mixture. This latter case scenario provides a useful basis for other codes to compare against.

ACS Style

Vincent Casseau; Daniel E. R. Espinoza; Thomas J. Scanlon; Richard E. Brown. A Two-Temperature Open-Source CFD Model for Hypersonic Reacting Flows, Part Two: Multi-Dimensional Analysis. Aerospace 2016, 3, 45 .

AMA Style

Vincent Casseau, Daniel E. R. Espinoza, Thomas J. Scanlon, Richard E. Brown. A Two-Temperature Open-Source CFD Model for Hypersonic Reacting Flows, Part Two: Multi-Dimensional Analysis. Aerospace. 2016; 3 (4):45.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vincent Casseau; Daniel E. R. Espinoza; Thomas J. Scanlon; Richard E. Brown. 2016. "A Two-Temperature Open-Source CFD Model for Hypersonic Reacting Flows, Part Two: Multi-Dimensional Analysis." Aerospace 3, no. 4: 45.

Journal article
Published: 18 October 2016 in Aerospace
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A two-temperature CFD (computational fluid dynamics) solver is a prerequisite to any spacecraft re-entry numerical study that aims at producing results with a satisfactory level of accuracy within realistic timescales. In this respect, a new two-temperature CFD solver, hy2Foam, has been developed within the framework of the open-source CFD platform OpenFOAM for the prediction of hypersonic reacting flows. This solver makes the distinct juncture between the trans-rotational and multiple vibrational-electronic temperatures. hy2Foam has the capability to model vibrational-translational and vibrational-vibrational energy exchanges in an eleven-species air mixture. It makes use of either the Park TTv model or the coupled vibration-dissociation-vibration (CVDV) model to handle chemistry-vibration coupling and it can simulate flows with or without electronic energy. Verification of the code for various zero-dimensional adiabatic heat baths of progressive complexity has been carried out. hy2Foam has been shown to produce results in good agreement with those given by the CFD code LeMANS (The Michigan Aerothermodynamic Navier-Stokes solver) and previously published data. A comparison is also performed with the open-source DSMC (direct simulation Monte Carlo) code dsmcFoam. It has been demonstrated that the use of the CVDV model and rates derived from Quantum-Kinetic theory promote a satisfactory consistency between the CFD and DSMC chemistry modules.

ACS Style

Vincent Casseau; Rodrigo C. Palharini; Thomas J. Scanlon; Richard E. Brown. A Two-Temperature Open-Source CFD Model for Hypersonic Reacting Flows, Part One: Zero-Dimensional Analysis. Aerospace 2016, 3, 34 .

AMA Style

Vincent Casseau, Rodrigo C. Palharini, Thomas J. Scanlon, Richard E. Brown. A Two-Temperature Open-Source CFD Model for Hypersonic Reacting Flows, Part One: Zero-Dimensional Analysis. Aerospace. 2016; 3 (4):34.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vincent Casseau; Rodrigo C. Palharini; Thomas J. Scanlon; Richard E. Brown. 2016. "A Two-Temperature Open-Source CFD Model for Hypersonic Reacting Flows, Part One: Zero-Dimensional Analysis." Aerospace 3, no. 4: 34.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2015 in Computers & Fluids
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Rodrigo C. Palharini; Craig White; Thomas J. Scanlon; Richard E. Brown; Matthew K. Borg; Jason Reese. Benchmark numerical simulations of rarefied non-reacting gas flows using an open-source DSMC code. Computers & Fluids 2015, 120, 140 -157.

AMA Style

Rodrigo C. Palharini, Craig White, Thomas J. Scanlon, Richard E. Brown, Matthew K. Borg, Jason Reese. Benchmark numerical simulations of rarefied non-reacting gas flows using an open-source DSMC code. Computers & Fluids. 2015; 120 ():140-157.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rodrigo C. Palharini; Craig White; Thomas J. Scanlon; Richard E. Brown; Matthew K. Borg; Jason Reese. 2015. "Benchmark numerical simulations of rarefied non-reacting gas flows using an open-source DSMC code." Computers & Fluids 120, no. : 140-157.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2015 in AIAA Journal
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An open-source implementation of chemistry modeling for the direct simulation Monte Carlo method is presented. Following the recent work of Bird (Bird, G. A., , “The Q-K Model for Gas Phase Chemical Reaction Rates,” Physics of Fluids, Vol. 23, No. 10, 2011, Paper 106101), an approach known as the quantum-kinetic method has been adopted to describe chemical reactions in a five-species air model using direct simulation Monte Carlo procedures based on microscopic gas information. The quantum-kinetic technique has been implemented within the framework of the dsmcFoam code, a derivative of the open-source computational-fluid-dynamics code OpenFOAM. Results for vibrational relaxation, dissociation, and exchange reaction rates for an adiabatic bath demonstrate the success of the quantum-kinetic model implementation in dsmcFoam when compared with analytical solutions for both inert and reacting conditions. A comparison is also made between the quantum-kinetic and total collision energy chemistry approaches for a hypersonic flow benchmark case.

ACS Style

Thomas J. Scanlon; Craig White; Matthew K. Borg; Rodrigo Cassineli Palharini; Erin Farbar; Iain D. Boyd; Jason Reese; Richard E. Brown. Open-Source Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Chemistry Modeling for Hypersonic Flows. AIAA Journal 2015, 53, 1670 -1680.

AMA Style

Thomas J. Scanlon, Craig White, Matthew K. Borg, Rodrigo Cassineli Palharini, Erin Farbar, Iain D. Boyd, Jason Reese, Richard E. Brown. Open-Source Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Chemistry Modeling for Hypersonic Flows. AIAA Journal. 2015; 53 (6):1670-1680.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Thomas J. Scanlon; Craig White; Matthew K. Borg; Rodrigo Cassineli Palharini; Erin Farbar; Iain D. Boyd; Jason Reese; Richard E. Brown. 2015. "Open-Source Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Chemistry Modeling for Hypersonic Flows." AIAA Journal 53, no. 6: 1670-1680.

Journal article
Published: 09 December 2014 in Journal of Fluid Mechanics
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A kinetic model of the Boltzmann equation for non-vibrating polyatomic gases is proposed, based on the Rykov model for diatomic gases. We adopt two velocity distribution functions (VDFs) to describe the system state; inelastic collisions are the same as in the Rykov model, but elastic collisions are modelled by the Boltzmann collision operator (BCO) for monatomic gases, so that the overall kinetic model equation reduces to the Boltzmann equation for monatomic gases in the limit of no translational–rotational energy exchange. The free parameters in the model are determined by comparing the transport coefficients, obtained by a Chapman–Enskog expansion, to values from experiment and kinetic theory. The kinetic model equations are solved numerically using the fast spectral method for elastic collision operators and the discrete velocity method for inelastic ones. The numerical results for normal shock waves and planar Fourier/Couette flows are in good agreement with both conventional direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) results and experimental data. Poiseuille and thermal creep flows of polyatomic gases between two parallel plates are also investigated. Finally, we find that the spectra of both spontaneous and coherent Rayleigh–Brillouin scattering (RBS) compare well with DSMC results, and the computational speed of our model is approximately 300 times faster. Compared to the Rykov model, our model greatly improves prediction accuracy, and reveals the significant influence of molecular models. For coherent RBS, we find that the Rykov model could overpredict the bulk viscosity by a factor of two.

ACS Style

Lei Wu; Craig White; Thomas J. Scanlon; Jason Reese; Yonghao Zhang. A kinetic model of the Boltzmann equation for non-vibrating polyatomic gases. Journal of Fluid Mechanics 2014, 763, 24 -50.

AMA Style

Lei Wu, Craig White, Thomas J. Scanlon, Jason Reese, Yonghao Zhang. A kinetic model of the Boltzmann equation for non-vibrating polyatomic gases. Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 2014; 763 ():24-50.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lei Wu; Craig White; Thomas J. Scanlon; Jason Reese; Yonghao Zhang. 2014. "A kinetic model of the Boltzmann equation for non-vibrating polyatomic gases." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 763, no. : 24-50.

Text
Published: 01 May 2013 in Physics of Fluids
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The gas flow between two concentric rotating cylinders is considered in order to investigate non-equilibrium effects associated with the Knudsen layers over curved surfaces. We investigate the nonlinear flow physics in the near-wall regions using a new power-law (PL) wall-scaling approach. This PL model incorporates Knudsen layer effects in near-wall regions by taking into account the boundary limiting effects on the molecular free paths. We also report new direct simulation Monte Carlo results covering a wide range of Knudsen numbers and accommodation coefficients, and for various outer-to-inner cylinder radius ratios. Our simulation data are compared with both the classical slip flow theory and the PL model, and we find that non-equilibrium effects are not only dependent on Knudsen number and accommodation coefficient but are also significantly affected by the surface curvature. The relative merits and limitations of both theoretical models are explored with respect to rarefaction and curvature effects. The PL model is able to capture some of the nonlinear trends associated with Knudsen layers up to the early transition flow regime. The present study also illuminates the limitations of classical slip flow theory even in the early slip flow regime for higher curvature test cases, although the model does exhibit good agreement throughout the slip flow regime for lower curvature cases. Torque and velocity profile comparisons also convey that a good prediction of integral flow properties does not necessarily guarantee the accuracy of the theoretical model used, and it is important to demonstrate that field variables are also predicted satisfactorily.

ACS Style

Nishanth Dongari; Craig White; Thomas J. Scanlon; Yonghao Zhang; Jason M. Reese. Effects of curvature on rarefied gas flows between rotating concentric cylinders. Physics of Fluids 2013, 25, 052003 .

AMA Style

Nishanth Dongari, Craig White, Thomas J. Scanlon, Yonghao Zhang, Jason M. Reese. Effects of curvature on rarefied gas flows between rotating concentric cylinders. Physics of Fluids. 2013; 25 (5):052003.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nishanth Dongari; Craig White; Thomas J. Scanlon; Yonghao Zhang; Jason M. Reese. 2013. "Effects of curvature on rarefied gas flows between rotating concentric cylinders." Physics of Fluids 25, no. 5: 052003.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2013 in Computers & Fluids
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Craig White; Matthew K. Borg; Thomas J. Scanlon; Jason Reese. A DSMC investigation of gas flows in micro-channels with bends. Computers & Fluids 2013, 71, 261 -271.

AMA Style

Craig White, Matthew K. Borg, Thomas J. Scanlon, Jason Reese. A DSMC investigation of gas flows in micro-channels with bends. Computers & Fluids. 2013; 71 ():261-271.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Craig White; Matthew K. Borg; Thomas J. Scanlon; Jason Reese. 2013. "A DSMC investigation of gas flows in micro-channels with bends." Computers & Fluids 71, no. : 261-271.

Conference paper
Published: 23 May 2012 in Journal of Physics: Conference Series
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ACS Style

Craig White; Matthew K. Borg; Thomas J Scanlon; Jason M Reese. Accounting for rotational non-equilibrium effects in subsonic DSMC boundary conditions. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2012, 362, 012016 .

AMA Style

Craig White, Matthew K. Borg, Thomas J Scanlon, Jason M Reese. Accounting for rotational non-equilibrium effects in subsonic DSMC boundary conditions. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2012; 362 ():012016.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Craig White; Matthew K. Borg; Thomas J Scanlon; Jason M Reese. 2012. "Accounting for rotational non-equilibrium effects in subsonic DSMC boundary conditions." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 362, no. : 012016.

Proceedings article
Published: 01 January 2012 in 28TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS 2012
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The fundamental test case of gas flow between two concentric rotating cylinders is considered in order to investigate rarefaction effects associated with the Knudsen layers over curved surfaces. We carry out direct simulation Monte Carlo simulations covering a wide range of Knudsen numbers and accommodation coefficients, and for various outer-to-inner cylinder radius ratios. Numerical data is compared with classical slip flowtheory and a new power-law (PL) wall scaling model. The PL model incorporates Knudsen layer effects in near-wall regions by taking into account the boundary limiting effects on the molecular free paths. The limitations of both theoretical models are explored with respect to rarefaction and curvature effects. Torque and velocity profile comparisons also convey that mere prediction of integral flow parameters does not guarantee the accuracy of a theoretical model, and that it is important to ensure that prediction of the local flowfield is in agreement with simulation data.

ACS Style

Nishanth Dongari; Craig White; Thomas J. Scanlon; Yonghao Zhang; Jason M. Reese. Rarefaction effects in gas flows over curved surfaces. 28TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS 2012 2012, 1 .

AMA Style

Nishanth Dongari, Craig White, Thomas J. Scanlon, Yonghao Zhang, Jason M. Reese. Rarefaction effects in gas flows over curved surfaces. 28TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS 2012. 2012; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nishanth Dongari; Craig White; Thomas J. Scanlon; Yonghao Zhang; Jason M. Reese. 2012. "Rarefaction effects in gas flows over curved surfaces." 28TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS 2012 , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 10 August 2010 in Computers & Fluids
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This paper presents the results of validation of an open source Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) code for general application to rarefied gas flows. The new DSMC code, called dsmcFoam, has been written within the framework of the open source C++ CFD toolbox OpenFOAM. The main features of dsmcFoam code include the capability to perform both steady and transient solutions, to model arbitrary 2D/3D geometries, and unlimited parallel processing. Test cases have been selected to cover a wide range of benchmark examples from 1D to 3D. These include relaxation to equilibrium, 2D flow over a flat plate and a cylinder, and 3D supersonic flows over complex geometries. In all cases, dsmcFoam shows very good agreement with data provided by both analytical solutions and other contemporary DSMC codes.

ACS Style

T.J. Scanlon; E. Roohi; C. White; M. Darbandi; Jason Reese. An open source, parallel DSMC code for rarefied gas flows in arbitrary geometries. Computers & Fluids 2010, 39, 2078 -2089.

AMA Style

T.J. Scanlon, E. Roohi, C. White, M. Darbandi, Jason Reese. An open source, parallel DSMC code for rarefied gas flows in arbitrary geometries. Computers & Fluids. 2010; 39 (10):2078-2089.

Chicago/Turabian Style

T.J. Scanlon; E. Roohi; C. White; M. Darbandi; Jason Reese. 2010. "An open source, parallel DSMC code for rarefied gas flows in arbitrary geometries." Computers & Fluids 39, no. 10: 2078-2089.

Journal article
Published: 31 March 2008 in International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer
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We demonstrate here, for the first time, the constitutive scaling approach applied to simulate a fully compressible, non-isothermal gas microflows within a mainstream computational physics framework. First, the physics underlying constitutive-relation scaling models is discussed, including the effects of velocity slip, temperature jump and the Knudsen layer. Results for Couette-type flows in micro-channels, including heat transfer effects, are then reported and we show comparisons with both traditional Navier–Stokes–Fourier solutions and independent numerical studies. We discuss the limitations of the constitutive scaling process, such as the breakdown of the model as the Knudsen number increases and the influence of the wall interaction model on the numerical results. Advantages of the constitutive scaling technique are described, with particular reference to the practicality of using it for microscale engineering design.

ACS Style

Lynne O’Hare; Thomas J. Scanlon; David R. Emerson; Jason M. Reese. Evaluating constitutive scaling models for application to compressible microflows. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 2008, 51, 1281 -1292.

AMA Style

Lynne O’Hare, Thomas J. Scanlon, David R. Emerson, Jason M. Reese. Evaluating constitutive scaling models for application to compressible microflows. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 2008; 51 (5):1281-1292.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lynne O’Hare; Thomas J. Scanlon; David R. Emerson; Jason M. Reese. 2008. "Evaluating constitutive scaling models for application to compressible microflows." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 51, no. 5: 1281-1292.