Rosa lucieae is one of the famous wild ancestors of cultivated roses and plays a very important role in horticultural research, but there is still a lack of research on the R. lucieae chloroplast genome. In this study, we used the Illumina MiSeq platform for sequencing, assembly, and annotation to obtain the R. lucieae chloroplast genome sequencing information and compared genomics, selection stress analysis, and phylogenetic analysis with 12 other chloroplast genomes of Rosa. The R. lucieae cpDNA sequence has a total length of 156,504 bp, and 130 genes are annotated. The length of all 13 studied chloroplast genomes is 156,333~157,385 bp. Their gene content, gene sequence, GC content, and IR boundary structure were highly similar. Five kinds of large repeats were detected that numbered 100~116, and SSR sequences ranged from 78 to 90 bp. Four highly differentiated regions were identified, which can be used as potential genetic markers for Rosa. Selection stress analysis showed that there was significant positive selection among the 18 genes. The phylogenetic analysis of R. lucieae and R. cymose, R. maximowicziana, R. multiflora, and R. pricei showed the closest relationship. Overall, our results provide a more comprehensive understanding of the systematic genomics and comparative genomics of Rosa.

Brassaiopsis angustifoliaK.M. Feng belongs to the family Araliaceae, and is an endangered shrub species in southwest China. Despite the importance of this species, the plastid genome has not been sequenced and analyzed. In this study, the complete plastid genome ofB.angustifoliawas sequenced, analyzed, and compared to the eight species in the Araliaceae family. Our study reveals that the complete plastid genome ofB.angustifoliais 156,534 bp long, with an overall GC content of 37.9%. The chloroplast genome (cp) encodes 133 genes, including 88 protein-coding genes, 37 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and eight ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. All protein-coding genes consisted of 21,582 codons. Among the nine species of Araliaceae, simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and five large repeat sequences were identified with total numbers ranging from 37 to 46 and 66 to 78, respectively. Five highly divergent regions were successfully identified that could be used as potential genetic markers ofBrassaiopsisand Asian Palmate group. Phylogenetic analysis of 47 plastomes, representing 19 genera of Araliaceae and two related families, was performed to reconstruct highly supported relationships for the Araliaceae, which highlight four well-supported clades of theHydrocotylegroup, GreaterRaukauagroup,Aralia-Panaxgroup, and Asian Palmate group. The genusBrassaiopsiscan be divided into four groups using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) data. The results indicate that plastome and ITS data can contribute to investigations of the taxonomy, and phylogeny ofB.angustifolia. This study provides a theoretical basis for species identification and future biological research on resources of the genusBrassaiopsis.

Climate change in the future could potentially expand, shrink, or alter the habitats of numerous species, leading to changes in their spatial distributions. Predicting suitable areas for cultivating medicinal plants through modeling has become an effective tool for assessing site suitability and conserving medicinal plant resources. Utilizing GIS and MaxEnt model, we predicted the spatial distribution of Terminalia chebula Retz. in China for the current and for the future (2050s and 2070s) under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 representative concentration pathways. In this study, we utilized 73 occurrence records and incorporated eight environmental factors from WorldClim for the modeling process. The findings revealed that the evaluation of the model's performance was based on the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC). All AUC values exceeded 0.9, classifying these models as “Excellent.” Additionally, the jackknife test analysis revealed that the main influential variables were bio11 and bio4. Under the present climate conditions, the estimated total suitable habitat for T. chebula is approximately 29.14 × 10 ⁴ km ² , representing around 2.78% of China's total land area. Within these suitable regions, high suitability, medium suitability, and low suitability areas make up 0.39%, 0.54%, and 1.85% of the total area, respectively. According to future climate, the potential growth range of T. chebula is expected to expand due to climate variability, showing a significant pattern of expansion towards the north and east within China. In the 2050s and 2070s, the total area of regions with high suitability, medium suitability, and low suitability under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 will increase compared to the current distribution. This study will provide theoretical suggestions for preservation, management, and sustainable utilization of T. chebula resources.

Pourthiaea is of great ornamental value because it produces white flowers in spring and summer, red fruit in autumn, and their fruit does not fall in winter. In order to explore the genetic structure and evolutionary characteristics of the chloroplast genome of Pourthiaea, comparative genomics analysis and phylogenetic analysis were conducted using ten published chloroplast genomes of Pourthiaea from the NCBI database. The results showed that the chloroplast genomes of the ten species of Pourthiaea showed typical circular tetrad structures, and the genome sizes were all within the range of 160,159–160,401 bp, in which the large single copy was 88,047–88,359 bp, the small single copy was 19,234–19,338 bp, and the lengths of a pair of inverted repeats were 26,341–26,401 bp. The GC contents ranged from 36.5% to 36.6%. A total of 1017 SSR loci were identified from the chloroplast genomes of the ten species of Pourthiaea, including six types of nucleotide repeats. The gene types and gene distribution of the IR boundary regions of the chloroplast genomes of different species of Pourthiaea were highly conservative, with little variation. Through the sequence alignment of chloroplast genomes, it was found that the chloroplast genomes of the ten species of Pourthiaea were generally highly conservative. The variation mainly occurred in the spacer regions of adjacent genes. Through nucleic acid diversity analysis, three hypervariable regions were screened at Pi > 0.006, namely trnQ(UUC)-psbk-psbl, accD-psal, and ndhF-rpl32-trnL (UAG). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the ten species of the genus Pourthiaea were clustered in the same branch and formed sister groups with the genus Stranvaesia, and that the support rate for the monophyly of the genus Pourthiaea was high. This study can serve as a reference for the breeding, genetic evolution, and phylogeny of Pourthiaea.

Eriobotrya fragrans Champion ex Bentham is a potential medicinal plant of the genus Eriobotrya Lindl in the family Rosaceae. To better determine its phylogenetic location with respect to the other Rosaceae species, the complete chloroplast genome of E. fragrans was sequenced. The whole E. fragrans chloroplast genome is 159,286 bp in length, consisting of a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions of 26,343 bp, one large single-copy (LSC) region of 87,301 bp, and one small single-copy (SSC) region of 19,299 bp. The overall GC content of the whole chloroplast genome is 36.7%. Further, phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood with TVM + F+R2 model strongly supports the relationship: sisterhood of E. fragrans and E. japonica, followed by three species of Pyrus L.

Eriobotrya malipoensis Kuan is an important wild woody evergreen tree within the genus Eriobotrya Lindl belonging the family Rosaceae. To better determine its phylogenetic location with respect to the other Eriobotrya species, the complete plastome of E. malipoensis was sequenced. The whole plastome is 159,313?bp in length, consisting of a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions of 26,344?bp, one large single-copy (LSC) region of 87,270?bp, and one small single-copy (SSC) region of 19,355?bp. The overall G?+?C content of the whole plastome is 36.7%. Further, maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyse (TVM?+?F+R2 model) was conducted using 14 complete plastome of the Rosaceae. Our phylogeny supports the relationships: sisterhood of the E. malipoensis and E. fragrans Champ, flowed E. japonica Lindl.