Inadequate nutrient intake can lead to worse outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF). This prospective cohort study aimed to assess the prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intake and their association with prognosis in 121 adult and elderly outpatients with HF. Habitual micronutrient intake was evaluated using 24-h dietary recalls (minimum 2 and maximum 6). Participants were grouped into moderate (n = 67) and high (n = 54) micronutrient deficiency groups, according to the individual assessment of each micronutrient intake. Patients’ sociodemographic, clinical, and anthropometric data and clinical outcomes (hospitalization and mortality) within 24 months were collected. Overall and event-free survival rates were calculated using Kaplan–Meier estimates, and curves were compared using the log-rank test. The death risk rate (hazard ratio (HR)) was calculated using Cox’s univariate model. The rate of inadequate intake was 100% for vitamins B1 and D and above 80% for vitamins B2, B9, and E, calcium, magnesium, and copper. No differences in overall survival and event-free survival were observed between groups of HF outpatients with moderate and high micronutrient deficiencies (HR = 0.94 (CI = 0.36–2.48), p = 0.91, and HR = 1.63 (CI = 0.68–3.92), p = 0.26, respectively), as well as when the inadequacy of each micronutrient intake was evaluated alone (all p > 0.05). In conclusion, a high prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intake was observed in outpatients with HF. Inadequate micronutrient intake was not associated with hospitalization and mortality in this group of patients.

Interpersonal violence (IV) in adulthood seems to be related to alcoholism and smoking. However, whether it reflects differently by gender and the frequency of exposure to these outcomes remains largely unexplored, particularly in developing countries. This study aimed to evaluate associations of acute and chronic IV exposure (physical, psychological, and sexual) with binge drinking and smoking, separately for men and women adults. Cross-sectional study, enrolled 72.597 participants, aged 18 to 64, from the Brazilian National Health Survey (NHS). The explanatory variables of interest were physical, sexual, and psychological exposure to IV in the last 12 months, whether once or some/many times. The dependent variables were binge drinking and smoking. The magnitudes of associations and their confidence Interval of 95% between each exposure and outcome were estimated using Poisson regression with robust variance. Sequential adjustments were made for age, race/skin color, marital status and sexual orientation, education, and income. After adjustment for all covariates, men exposed to physical, psychological (both once or some/many times), and sexual violence (only once) were associated with binge drinking and smoking ( p < .05). Further, women exposed to any form of violence, whether once or some/many times, were associated with binge drinking ( p < .05). However, remained related to smoking women exposed to physical (both once or some/many times) and psychological violence (only some/many times) ( p < .05). Interestingly, any frequency of sexual violence remained not associated with smoking. Women’s higher exposure to violence is strongly linked to binge drinking, particularly in cases of physical and psychological violence. Men exposed to violence also exhibit significant associations with binge drinking and smoking. These findings emphasize the complex interplay of gender, violence, and public health challenges in Brazil.

The aim is to assess associations between lifetime sexual violence and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in adults, examining gender differences. Cross-sectional analysis of 70,896 adults from Brazilian National Health Survey. Variables included lifetime sexual violence exposure and CVDs. All analyses were gender-stratified. Logistic regression estimated associations and 95% confidence intervals between exposures and outcomes (CVDs, myocardial infarction, angina, heart failure, and arrhythmia). After full adjustment women exposed to lifetime sexual violence had higher odds of CVDs, myocardial infarction and arrhythmia compared to those not exposed. While no significant associations were noted for angina or heart failure. Men were not associated at any outcome. Effect modification by sex on the additive scale was found only for CVDs and myocardial infarction (p<0.05). Although associations for other conditions like angina and heart failure were not statistically significant among women, the observed relationships warrant further research.