It is vital to understand the nature of misinformation disseminated online regarding the COVID-19 vaccination. This understanding will enhance governments’ efforts and strategies to combat the factors which hinder vaccine uptake. Vaccine hesitancy has always been a challenge which has accompanied vaccine rollouts. Misinformation regarding the COVID-19 vaccination, along with the ambiguous narratives around the origin of the virus, has played a role in vaccine hesitancy among Jordanians. The online activity generated by social media during the pandemic, due to people’s fear of the virus, their general anxiety and curiosity, and their desire for updates, made social media an even more fertile environment for misinformation than ever before. During the COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan, misinformation on social media platforms amplified the scale of fears around the safety of the vaccination programme. Therefore, this study offers an exploration of, and insight into, the thoughts and experiences of a sample of 30 Jordanian citizens who are hesitant about COVID-19 vaccination. This study uses a qualitative approach in order to further understand vaccine hesitancy and the nature of misinformation surrounding it, using semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with participants. It found that low levels of information about health, misconceptions about the COVID-19 vaccine, and the spread of misinformation on social media were all causes of vaccine hesitancy in Jordan. Facebook and WhatsApp were the principal social media networks identified in this study as spreading misinformation about the vaccine. The study sample reported that they believed in the conspiracy theories discussed on these two platforms. Furthermore, videos of influencers and anti-vaccination medical doctors from overseas played a part in misleading individuals regarding inoculation against COVID-19. Additionally, other factors were also identified and are discussed in this study.

Introduction: Climate change disproportionately impacts developing nations by exacerbating existing vulnerabilities and intensifying extreme weather events, posing significant socio-economic and environmental challenges. This study investigates the framing strategies utilised by two prominent Jordanian television broadcasters, namely AlMamlaka TV and Jordan TV, to shape public perceptions of climate change.Methods: The study employs a convergent parallel mixed-methods design that integrates quantitative visual content analysis with qualitative inductive thematic analysis. The study examined a total of 108 video clips related to climate change, published by the official YouTube channels of the two broadcasters during 2023. The quantitative analysis focused on the frequency of visual imagery, tone, guest representation, and framing categories. In parallel, a qualitative component was undertaken to explore the symbolic dimensions, affective cues, and editorial logics embedded in the media narratives.Results: The analysis suggests that both channels tended to adopt problem-oriented frames; however, AlMamlaka TV appeared to place greater emphasis on solutions-focused narratives, expert commentary, and emotionally resonant imagery. In contrast, Jordan TV maintained a more neutral and fact-driven approach. Their coverage emphasises governmental perspectives and local impacts. These variations highlight divergent institutional strategies and their implications for audience engagement.Discussion: The findings illustrate the complex role of media institutions in mediating climate change discourse within the Jordanian context. The differences between AlMamlaka TV and Jordan TV indicate how editorial policies and institutional identities shape framing practices. This has broader implications for how audiences interpret climate risks and possible responses. Moreover, these results suggest that the presence of solutions-oriented narratives may enhance public trust and engagement with climate communication.