Lithium-ion batteries that use lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO₄) as the cathode material and carbon (graphite or MCMB) as the anode have gained significant attention due to their cost-effectiveness, low environmental impact, and strong safety profile. These advantages make them suitable for a wide range of applications including electric vehicles, stationary energy storage, and backup power systems. However, their adoption is hindered by a critical challenge: capacity degradation at elevated temperatures. This review systematically summarizes the corresponding modification strategies including surface modification of the anode and cathode as well as modification of the electrolyte, separator, binder, and collector. We further discuss the control of the charge state, early warning prevention, control of thermal runaway, and the rational application of ML and DFT to enhance the LFP/C high temperature cycling stability. Finally, in light of the current research challenges, promising research directions are presented, aiming at enhancing their performance and stability in such harsh thermal environments.

Ni-rich Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide (NCM) cathode materials have garnered attention for their high specific capacity, but they grapple with issues of cycling stability, thermal performance, and safety. This concise yet comprehensive review embarks on an exploration, commencing with an examination of fundamental characteristics, including crystallographic structures and electrochemical properties. It delves into the intricate failure mechanisms contributing to capacity degradation and thermal instability. The review places emphasis on major material-focused modification techniques, encompassing surface coatings and multifunctional additives, all scrutinized for their potential to enhance both performance and safety. Furthermore, it spotlights pivotal research domains, notably novel synthesis methods, positioned to reshape the landscape of Ni-rich NCM technology. The review also emphasizes future development directions, aiming for simplified and cost-effective methodologies to tackle the complexities of nickel-rich cathodes. Ultimately, this review offers a forward-looking analysis, envisioning a future marked by safer, higher-capacity lithium-ion batteries, underscoring an enduring commitment to scientific and technological progress.

Recent advancements in metal–CO2 batteries with enhanced energy efficiency in a sustainable manner largely rely on catalytic improvements to accelerate the sluggish kinetics of the CO2 reduction and evolution reactions (CO2RR/CO2ER) occurring at the multiphase interface. However, conventional solid and liquid catalysts often increase the adsorption of both reactant gas and solid-phase discharge products, lowering discharge overpotentials but impeding product decomposition during charging. This trade-off complicates efforts to simultaneously reduce charge–discharge overpotentials and improve overall battery efficiency. Here, we introduce an ethanol vapor-driven strategy for Mg–CO2 batteries—distinct from traditional solid and liquid catalysis—that selectively enhances CO2 adsorption while limiting the adsorption of discharge products. This approach enables high energy efficiency through the formation and decomposition of the first conductive organic multicarbon (C2+) product in metal–CO2 batteries, specifically Mg(CH3COO)2·4H2O. The Mg–CO2 battery delivers outstanding discharge and charge capacities beyond 50 000 mAh g−1, coupled with stable cycling over 600 h, ranking it the best Mg–CO2 system reported to date. This catalyst-free strategy for multicarbon production holds potential for applications in CO2 reduction and carbon fixation.

Ti₃C₂T_x–Fe₃O₄–carbon nanotube composites were prepared for electrochemical energy storage in the negative electrodes of supercapacitors. The electrodes show a remarkably high areal capacitance of 6.59 F cm⁻² in a neutral Na₂SO₄ electrolyte, which was obtained by the development of advanced nanofabrication strategies and due to the synergistic effect of the individual components. Enhanced capacitance was achieved using the in-situ synthesis method for the Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. The superparamagnetic behavior of the Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles facilitated the fabrication of electrodes with a reduced binder content. Good mixing of the components was achieved using a celestine blue co-dispersant, which adsorbed on the inorganic components and carbon nanotubes and facilitated their co-dispersion and mixing. The capacitive behavior was optimized by the variation of the electrode composition and mass loading in a range of 30–45 mg cm⁻². An asymmetric device was proposed and fabricated, which contained a Ti₃C₂T_x–Fe₃O₄–carbon nanotube negative electrode and a polypyrrole–carbon nanotube positive electrode for operation in an Na₂SO₄ electrolyte. The asymmetric supercapacitor device demonstrated high areal capacitance and excellent power-density characteristics in an enlarged voltage window of 1.6 V. This investigation opens a new avenue for the synthesis and design of MXene-based asymmetric supercapacitors for future energy storage devices.

Room-temperature sodium–sulfur (RT Na–S) batteries offer a superior, high-energy-density solution for rechargeable batteries using earth-abundant materials. However, conventional RT Na–S batteries typically use sulfur as the cathode, which suffers from severe volume expansion and requires pairing with a sodium metal anode, raising significant safety concerns. Utilizing Na₂S as the cathode material addresses these issues, yet challenges such as Na₂S’s low conductivity as well as the shuttle effect of polysulfide still hinder RT Na–S battery development. Herein, we present a simple and cost-effective method to fabricate a Na₂S–Na₆CoS₄/Co@C cathode, wherein Na₂S nanoparticles are embedded in a conductive carbon matrix and coupled with dual catalysts, Na₆CoS₄ and Co, generated via the in situ carbothermal reduction of Na₂SO₄ and CoSO₄. This approach creates a three-dimensional porous composite cathode structure that facilitates electrolyte infiltration and forms a continuous conductive network for efficient electron transport. The in situ formed Na₆CoS₄/Co electrocatalysts, tightly integrated with Na₂S, exhibit strong catalytic activity and robust physicochemical stabilization, thereby accelerating redox kinetics and mitigating the polysulfide shuttle effect. As a result, the Na₂S–Na₆CoS₄/Co@C cathode achieves superior capacity retention, demonstrating a discharge capacity of 346 mAh g⁻¹ after 100 cycles. This work highlights an effective strategy for enhancing Na₂S cathodes with embedded catalysts, leading to enhanced reaction kinetics and superior cycling stability.