The global commitment to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) establishes access to safe drinking water and healthy sanitation for all residents. This study analyzes the financing and economic benefits of drinking water and sanitation service interventions using the Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) approach. The study used secondary data from the Health Office, the Bandar Lampung City Manpower Office, and the publication of research results. Intervention costs include the fixed and annual operating costs of the intervention. Benefits are calculated from the savings in health recovery costs, avoiding lost time from work, school, and waiting for sick children, and the acquisition of productive time. The study results get a total investment cost of $ 2,113,190 and a total benefit of $ 44,727,436. Efforts to improve water and sanitation services are effective and efficient (0.057% of GDP) and profitable ($ 22.20 return for every $ 1 investment). These results provide strong evidence for planners and decision-makers that improving water and sanitation services provides value for returns, both social and economical, and proves the possibility of accelerating the achievement of SDGs commitments.

Cyperus rotundus L. is a weed that can be developed as an anti-cervical cancer agent. Cyperus rotundus L. produces various secondary metabolites influenced by environment-related abiotic factors. Variations in the chemical composition of C. rotundus L. can affect its cytotoxic activity. This study was undertaken to determine the influence of ecological zones on the chemical composition and cytotoxic activity of C. rotundus L. The samples were collected from the highland, lowland, and coastal areas in the Lampung province, Indonesia, and extracted with ethanol (technical grade, 96%). The chemical compositions of the extracts were examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, and the cytotoxic activity was assessed in HeLa cervical cancer cells by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay using a 96-well microplate. The results showed that C. rotundus L. from three different ecological zones had different chemical compositions and cytotoxic activities. The C. rotundus L. extracts from the highland area had a moderate cytotoxic activity with an IC₅₀ value of 69.26 μg/ml, whereas those from the lowland and coastal areas did not have cytotoxic activity. This cytotoxic activity potential was due to the presence of methyl trisporate B, δ-selinene, and longiverbenone. Further research is warranted regarding other environment-related abiotic factors that could influence the chemical composition and cytotoxic activity of C. rotundus L.

This study aims to examine the factors that influence tourists' decisions to revisit ecotourism destinations in Lampung province. The factors under investigation include the attractiveness of tourism, quality of service, information sources, and visitor satisfaction. The research employs a quantitative approach, utilizing a questionnaire that was distributed to 153 tourists who had previously visited a marine ecotourism destination. The Structural Equation Model (SEM) was then applied using Smart-PLS 4.0.8.6 to analyze the data. The results show that quality of service, hospitality, and social capital have a significant direct impact on visitor satisfaction, as well as on tourists' intentions to return and recommendations for the destination. There is also a significant indirect effect of these variables on the recommendation of tourism through visitor satisfaction and intention to return.

The use of mercury in gold refining causes air pollution and results in the contamination of multipurpose tree species (MPTS). Tree bark has properties that cause it to store mercury for quite a long time. The purpose of this study was to determine mercury contamination of MPTS and map the mercury contamination distribution in the atmosphere using tree barks as bioindicators. Sampling was performed using purposive sampling. The mercury concentration was obtained by atomic absorption spectroscopy, and the highest THg contents were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. The analysis was carried out by gauging total mercury (THg), distance, elevation to THg, and interpolation of THg at the research site. The results showed that there were 10 types of MPTS trees whose bark could accumulate mercury. The bark of the Tamarindus indica tree stored the greatest amount of THg (74.4 µg dry weight (DW)), followed by Persea americana (58.7 µg DW), and Annona muricata (44.2 µg DW), respectively. This result was influenced by the roughness of the bark and the location of the plants. No correlation was found between distance and elevation to THg on tree bark. The mercury interpolation in the atmosphere showed that mercury moves from the purification point to the southeast of the purification location.

Background: Nowadays, pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is still a major global cause of death. Indonesia is a country with a high burden of the disease and is ranked second as a contributor to tuberculosis in the world after India, China, the Philippines, and Pakistan [1] along with the phenomenon of deforestation [2] and global warming [3]. Forest restoration and reforestation are considered costeffective nature-based solutions for climate change adaptation and mitigation to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, provide habitat for species and balance temperatures. Methods: There is no research data on the contribution of the economic value of reforestation to reduce the incidence rate of infectious diseases especially for TB, which is very important for mitigating against the global warming. This research was conducted to determine the economic value of ecosystem services as compensation for the reforestation program. This research was carried out in Lampung Province from April to October 2021, using Landsat imagery series 2009, 2012, 2015, 2018, and 2019 to detect forest cover. Results: The study’s findings show that every 2ºC increase in temperature increases the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis by 1.5 per 10,000 population, or 3,770 cases cover class that has a significant effect on the incidence of pulmonary TB is temperature, state forests, community forests, bare land, and rice fields.

The Way Kuripan River is an important water resource in Bandar Lampung City. However, its quality deteriorates continuously due to land use change accompanied by housing expansion and open areas. This study aims at analyzing its water quality and pollution level based on the present land-use zoning. Three zones are determined based on the dominant land use covering the riverbank sides. Water sampling was carried out at nine settling points (3 samples per zone) to measure the level of BOD5, COD, TSS, Escherichia coli contends, and also Pollution Index (PI), as well as the Biodegradable Index (BI). The results showed that the water has been experiencing pollution for grade-C river overall data. However, based on the zoning, all of the parameters of the upstream sides are below quality standard (QS), while at the middle stream, the BOD5 has exceeded QS (21.9-26.4 mg/L), whereas at the downstream, the parameters of BOD5, COD, and Escherichia coli have exceeded from the QS. The PI and BI values indicated moderately polluted downstream, with the average biodegradable. For this reason, paying attention to land use change is important to assess the level of river pollution. The study results also found that organic matter from domestic is the primary pollutant of the river. Therefore controlling the upstream in accordance with regional spatial planning regulations and followed by a conservation movement as well as change people’s behavior to be more caring about environmental management for catchment areas are the urgent actions for restoring and improving the river water quality.