The solution cast process is used to set up chitosan: dextran-based plasticized solid polymer electrolyte with high specific capacitance (228.62 F/g) at the 1st cycle. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) pattern revealed the interaction between polymers and electrolyte components. At ambient temperature, the highest conductive plasticized system (CDLG–3) achieves a maximum conductivity of 4.16 × 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹. Using both FTIR and electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods, the mobility, number density, and diffusion coefficient of ions are measured, and they are found to rise as the amount of glycerol increases. Ions are the primary charge carriers, according to transference number measurement (TNM). According to linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), the CDLG–3 system’s electrochemical stability window is 2.2 V. In the preparation of electrical double layer capacitor devices, the CDLG–3 system was used. There are no Faradaic peaks on the cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve, which is virtually rectangular. Beyond the 20th cycle, the power density, energy density, and specific capacitance values from the galvanostatic charge–discharge are practically constant at 480 W/Kg, 8 Wh/Kg, and 60 F g⁻¹, for 180 cycles.

In this research, direct band gap polymer composites with amorphous phase, which are imperative for optoelectronic devices applications were synthesized. The solution cast technique was used to produce polyethylene oxide (PEO)/calcium titanate (CaTiO₃) nanocomposite (NC) films. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms the growth of amorphous nature within PEO with CaTiO₃ addition. The optical band gaps of pure PEO and PEO/CaTiO₃ NC films were calculated using analysis of ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) spectra. The change in absorption edge toward lower photon energy is evidence of polymer modification. The dispersion behavior of the refractive index of PEO was manipulated to a higher wavelength upon doping with CaTiO₃. Upon adding CaTiO₃ to the pure PEO polymer, the dielectric constant and refractive index were considerably modified. The band gap shifts from 4.90 eV to 4.19 eV for the PEO incorporated with an optimum portion of 8 wt. % of CaTiO₃. The types of the electronic transition in composite samples were specified, based on the Taucs model and the optical dielectric loss. The alteration of UV/Vis absorption spectra of the NC film was considered a suitable candidate to be applied in nanotechnology-based devices. The spherulites ascribed to the crystalline phase were distinguished through the optical microscopy (OM) study.

In this paper, the Hirota bilinear method, which is an important scheme, is used. The equation of the shallow water wave in oceanography and atmospheric science is extended to (3+1) dimensions, which is a well-known equation. A lot of classes of rational solutions by selecting the interaction between a lump and one- or two-soliton solutions are obtained. The bilinear form is considered in terms of Hirota derivatives. Accordingly, the logarithm algorithm to obtain the exact solutions of a (3+1)-dimensional variable-coefficient (VC) generalized shallow water wave equation is utilized. The analytical treatment of extended homoclinic breather wave solutions is studied and plotted in three forms 3D, 2D, and density plots. Using suitable mathematical assumptions, the established solutions are included in view of a combination of two periodic and two solitons in terms of two trigonometric and two hyperbolic functions for the governing equation. Maple software for computing the complicated calculations of nonlinear algebra equations is used. The effect of the free parameters on the behavior of acquired figures to a few obtained solutions for two nonlinear rational exact cases was also discussed.

This manuscript contains the modeling and analysis of an unsteady Carreau fluid with a magnetohydrodynamical effect over a stretching sheet. The governing momentum and energy equations admit a self-similarity solution. The system of ordinary differential equations has been solved analytically by the homotopy analysis method (HAM) and numerically by BVP4C (Matlab routine). An analysis of results shows that obtained analytical and numerical solutions are in excellent agreement with existing results in the literature. Furthermore, the effect of various fluid parameters on the velocity and temperature profiles are studied graphically. It is observed that velocity increases in the stretching sheet for power law index n and the Weissenberg number $We$, whereas it decreases for magnetic parameter $M^2$. Tabular analysis on skin friction and heat transfer rate is also presented against pertinent fluid parameters.