The article deals with one of the effects of health inequalities and gaps in access to treatments for rare diseases, namely health-driven emigration. The purpose of the paper is to systematize knowledge about the phenomenon of health emigration observed among families affected by rare diseases, for which reimbursed treatment is available, but only in selected countries. The topic proved to be niche; the issue of “health emigration in rare diseases” is an area for exploration. Therefore, the further analysis used text mining and machine learning methods based on a database selected based on keywords related to this issue. The results made it possible to systematize the guesses made by researchers in management and economic fields, to identify the most common keywords and thematic clusters around the perspective of the patient, drug manufacturer and treatment reimbursement decision-maker, and the perspective integrating all the others. Since the topic of health emigration was not directly addressed in the selected sources, the authors attempted to define the related concepts and discussed the importance of this phenomenon in managing the support system in rare diseases. Thus, they indicated directions for further research in this area.

The key factor in the process of innovativeness development is competences. In order to even out the development level which differs from region to region, and to stimulate the European economy as a whole, experts emphasise the need to intensify actions taken by academics and recommend that the concept of lifelong learning (LLL) should be implemented to the widest possible extent, indicating which of the competences should be considered as the key ones. At the same time, the technological leap will convert the labour market and the occupational inclusion of society. The desired employee is a knowledge-based employee, also an e-leader, who combines business, analytical and IT competences. Slightly surreptitiously, in the context of competence management under the LLL concept the authors of the study bring to the foreground education of children and youths – which is a “short” version of long-life learning. In this way, they want to underline the role of education that takes place outside school (or in cooperation with the school), in the special form of non-formal education, i.e. at children’s universities. They present the research findings in the area of economic, financial and managerial education based on the example of the programme implemented at the University of Szczecin. The study also describes the innovative case of young project managers as an example of learning by playing, competences appreciated also in the world of adults.

Purpose: The aim of the research is to show how effective the tools in the form of extracurricular forms of education oriented at development of key competences. Design/methodology/approach: The article presents case study of investment in key competences of school-age children. The results of evaluation studies compliment the experience of chosen out-od-school educational projects conducted in the district mostly active in the field of initiative realization. The author also mentions a problem of considering and fulfilling children’s special educational needs. Findings: In the educational projects implemented in Pomeranian Voivodeship, the main emphasis was placed on the development of key competences, mostly students, and to a lesser extent - teachers. The interest in particular competences varied (39-95%). Similarly, the effects of undertaken measures were assessed as their impact on the attitudes of students in selected areas. Research limitations/implications: Too little attention paid to the special needs of pupils. Evaluation of effectiveness referred to the influence of particular forms of stimulation on the student's attitude in selected aspects. It was impossible to clearly attribute the impact of the investment on the results of exams summarizing a given stage of learning. Practical implications: The results of the research can be used to change the guidelines for constructing further support programmes for educational projects. This refers to technical guidelines, i.e. the formula for verifying the effects and the substantive ones, i.e. The scope of support for schools and students. Social implications: The work points to the need to implement solutions allowing for greater social inclusion of children with special news, including work on social awareness in this area. Originality/value The article attempts to assess the effectiveness of investing in the development of human capital at the stage of school education through extracurricular educational projects. The analysis was multi-level, from the European background, through the regional approach in Poland, to case studies in selected local governments. The results of the research may serve to construct further pro-educational projects in the region

The key factor in the process of innovativeness development is competences. In order to even out the development level which differs from region to region, and to stimulate the European economy as a whole, experts emphasise the need to intensify actions taken by academics and recommend that the concept of lifelong learning (LLL) should be implemented to the widest possible extent, indicating, which of the competences should be considered as the key ones. At the same time, the technological leap will convert the labour market and the occupational inclusion of the public. The desired employee is a knowledge-based employee, also e-leader, who combines business, analytical and IT competences. Slightly deceitfully, in the context of competence management under the LLL concept the authors of the study bring to the foreground education of children and youths – which is a “short” version of long-life learning. In this way, they want to underline the role of education that takes place outside school (or in cooperation with the school), in the special form of non-formal education, i.e. at children’s universities. They present the research findings in the area of economic, financial and managerial education based on the example of the programme implemented at the University of Szczecin. The study also describes the innovative case of young project managers as an example of learning by playing, competences appreciated also in the world of adults.