All therapeutic interventions aimed at modulating the immune response to pathogens, self‐antigens, carcinogens, or xenogeneic antigens are referred to as immunomodulation, which either prevents hyperactivation or restores the appropriate response of the immune system. Since antiquity, medicinal plants have been used as a source of immune‐boosting medicines with fewer side effects. These medicinal plants, for example, Curcuma longa , Camellia sinensis , Artemisia annua , and Andrographis paniculata , have been used to treat immune system disorders such as multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, lupus, and organ transplantation. Herein, we review the currently accessible medicinal plants, their phytoconstituents, and underlying mechanisms of immunomodulation.

Background: Diabetes mellitus and obesity are two of the most frequent health conditions in the world, prompting medical researchers to seek novel effective treatments. According to World Health Organization (WHO) regulations and several research studies, diabetes is regarded as a significant and leading health concern worldwide. The search for efficient and safe antidiabetic drugs has led to the study of pyridine derivatives, a family of molecules with a wide range of pharmacological characteristics. Pyridines are important heterocyclic chemicals renowned for their various pharmacological properties. Methods: Materials were compiled using the three databases of ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar. For this study, only English-language publications have been evaluated based on their titles, abstracts, and full texts using keywords like diabetes, pyridine Derivatives, αglucosidase inhibitors, and α-amylase inhibitors. Results: Pyridine and its derivatives have received a lot of attention due to their wide range of potential uses in medicinal chemistry and pharmacology. Structural alterations and optimization efforts have resulted in higher effectiveness, selectivity, and safety characteristics. These discoveries highlight the importance of pyridine analogues as a novel class of therapeutic agents for diabetes management. Conclusion: The review highlights the significance of pyridine analogues in the development of antidiabetic treatments, opening new avenues for developing drugs and clinical use. The ongoing advancements in the discovery of pyridine derivatives underscore their potential as prospective agents in diabetic treatments.

Introduction: Evodiamine, a quinazoline alkaloid derived from the Evodia rutaecarpa plant, has gained significant attention owing to its promising anticancer properties. However, its clinical applications are hampered by inherent challenges, including low water solubility, poor bioavailability and potential toxicity. This study reviews the current status and the medicinal chemistry efforts to accelerate the pace of evodiamine clinical applications in cancer therapy. Methods: A comprehensive literature search in four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect) for this study, only English language publications have been evaluated based on their titles, abstracts and full text using keywords like evodiamine, anticancer, evodiamine derivatives, nanoformulation. Results: Structural modification and nano-delivery strategies significantly improve the pharmacokinetic profile of evodiamine, reduce toxicity, and enhance its therapeutic efficacy. These strategies provide better bioavailability, increased target specificity and improved anticancer potential. Conclusion: Integrating structural modification with nanotechnology presents a promising approach to address the challenges associated with evodiamine. This combination can potentially maximize its therapeutic efficacy in cancer treatment, paving the way for its clinical translation.