Marine toxins cause great harm to human health through seafood, therefore, it is urgent to exploit new marine toxins detection methods with the merits of high sensitivity and specificity, low detection limit, convenience, and high efficiency. Aptasensors have emerged to replace classical detection methods for marine toxins detection. The rapid development of molecular biological approaches, sequencing technology, material science, electronics and chemical science boost the preparation and application of aptasensors. Taken together, the aptamer-based biosensors would be the best candidate for detection of the marine toxins with the merits of high sensitivity and specificity, convenience, time-saving, relatively low cost, extremely low detection limit, and high throughput, which have reduced the detection limit of marine toxins from nM to fM. This article reviews the detection of marine toxins by aptamer-based biosensors, as well as the selection approach for the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX), the aptamer sequences. Moreover, the newest aptasensors and the future prospective are also discussed, which would provide thereotical basis for the future development of marine toxins detection by aptasensors.

Eurothiocins C–H (1–6), six unusual thioester-containing benzoate derivatives, were isolated from the deep-sea-derived fungus Talaromyces indigoticus FS688 together with a known analogue eurothiocin A (7). Their structures were elucidated through spectroscopic analysis and the absolute configurations were determined by X-ray diffraction and ECD calculations. In addition, compound 1 exhibited significant inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase with an IC₅₀ value of 5.4 μM, while compounds 4 and 5 showed moderate effects with IC₅₀ values of 33.6 and 72.1 μM, respectively. A preliminary structure–activity relationship is discussed and a docking analysis was performed.

Phomeroids A (1) and B (2), two novel meroterpenoids representing two types of skeletons, together with one known homologous analogue (3) were isolated from the deep-sea-derived fungus Phomopsis tersa FS441. Phomeroid A is the first example of tropolonic sesquiterpenes consisting of a highly fused 6/6/11/6/5/5 ring system, while phomeroid B is the first example of meroterpenoids featuring an unusual 7/6/11/6-5 spiral core skeleton. All of them showed considerable cytotoxicity against the tested cell lines, and their biosynthetic pathways were also discussed.

A pair of novel enantiomeric benzophenone-hemiterpene adducts, (+)-cytorhizophin A (1a) and (−)-cytorhizophin A (1b) as well as cytorhizophin B (2), all of them featuring an unprecedented 6/7/6/7 tetracyclic fused ring system, together with their biosynthetically related precursor cytorhizophin C (3) were isolated from Cytospora rhizophorae A761. Their structures were fully characterized on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, with the absolute configurations of 1 determined by X-ray diffraction and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Moreover, compounds 1–3 were evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial activity.

Photeroids A (1) and B (2), two structurally fascinating meroterpenoids, were isolated from the deep-sea-derived fungus Phomopsis tersa FS441. Their structures were sufficiently established by a comprehensive interpretation of the spectroscopic data, NMR spectra, and ECD calculation. Photeroids A and B represented the first phenolic sesquiterpene meroterpenoids featuring a highly fused 6/6/6/6 tetracyclic ring system derived through a rarely-occurring hetero-Diels–Alder reaction via an orthoquinone methide intermediate. Additionally, they were also evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against four human cancer cells, wherein compounds 1 and 2 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities.