In this paper, policy iteration (PI) based adaptive critic approach has been utilized to design a controller for AGC scheme. PI approach consists policy evaluation and improvement steps to determine optimal control. Optimal controller based on linear quadratic regulator (LQR) design requires complete knowledge of the system dynamics, whereas PI technique provides optimal control of system without knowing the internal dynamics. PI based optimal controller has been tested on a power system having two area deregulated. The results are used to show the effective performance of the designed controller. A comparative study has also been given in between the performance of the PI based optimal controller and LQR.

In this paper, a deregulated LFC scheme is considered. For successful operation of LFC scheme, remote measurements are transmitted to control center consisting delays. The existence of delays affects the performance of frequency control scheme and at worst can causes instability. Therefore, a better control scheme the must encounter the effects of transmission/communication delays. In this study, a test system is considered by two-area thermal system. GA based PID controller has been designed to settle down the frequency deviations in prescribed limit at steady state. The performance of the proposed controller is evaluated under various communication delays. The obtained results show the validity and success of the designed controller.

A fractional order PID (FOPID) control technique for automatic generation control (AGC) in a multi-area power system is presented in this study. To create a reliable controller, a variety of control strategies were used. The load frequency control (LFC) problem in a power system implementing different power transactions, such as bilateral and Poolco transactions, are investigated here. Because any control scheme’s performance is only as good as its parameters, the parameters of the designed control scheme were determined using the big bang big crunch (BBBC) algorithm. Furthermore, in this work, the effect of a superconductive magnetic energy storage (SMES) unit is addressed in the given test (two and four area) systems. When confronted with a fluctuation in immediate load, the SMES unit is thought to follow the initial drop in frequency and tie-line power in order to increase LFC. It is evident that the performance of an FOPID control scheme is improved in the presence of an SMES unit and it provides frequency, tie-line power, change in generation with reduced oscillations and settling time.