At present, there are many applications of nanofluids whose research results are fruitful. Nanofluids can enhance the critical heat flux, but the effect on boiling heat transfer performance still has disagreement. Base liquids with higher viscosity improve the boiling heat transfer performance of nanofluids. When the base liquid is a multicomponent solution, the relative movement between the different solutions enhances the microscopic movement of the nanoparticles due to the different evaporation order during the boiling process, so that the boiling heat transfer performance is enhanced. Compared with the thermal conductivity of the heated surface, the deposition of the low thermal conductivity nanoparticles reduces the heat dissipation rate of the heated surface and improves the wall superheat. Then the enhancement of the boiling heat transfer coefficient should be attributed to the thermal conductivity improvement of base fluid and the bubble disturbance resulted from the nanoparticle’s microscopic motion.