At the end of 2020, COVID-19 vaccination programs were initiated in many countries, including Poland. The first vaccine approved in Poland was the BNT162b2 mRNA preparation (Pfizer/BioNTech), and the first vaccinated group were healthcare workers. The aim of the present study was to evaluate post-vaccine antibody titers 8 months after the second vaccine dose had been administered to a group of employees of the Hospital of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration in Olsztyn (Poland). The employees were divided into two groups: persons who had COVID-19 in the fourth quarter of 2020 and were vaccinated in January–February 2021, and persons without a history of COVID-19 who were vaccinated during the same period. The analyzed material was venous blood serum collected from 100 hospital employees on 23–28 September 2021. The level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies was measured with a Roche Cobas e411 analyzer using the electrochemiluminescence (ECLIA) method. The study demonstrated that persons with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection had significantly higher antibody levels (taking into account gender, age, type of work performed, and severity of post-vaccination symptoms) than employees without a history of COVID-19. The study also revealed that the type of work, age, gender, and the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection can influence the humoral immune response. The presented results may prove helpful in the context of administering additional vaccine doses.

Background and objectives: The aim of the current study was to assess the use of determinations of total alcohol dehydrogenase and the activity of its isoenzymes as well as aldehyde dehydrogenase in the serum of patients with alcohol liver disease. Materials and Methods: The testing was performed on the serum of 38 patients with alcoholic fatty liver (26 males and 12 females aged 31–75). The total activity of ADH was determined by the colorimetric method. The activity of ADH I and ADH II, as well as ALDH, was determined by the spectrofluorometric method using fluorogenic specific substrates. The activity of isoenzymes of other classes was determined by spectrophotometric methods using substrates. Results: A statistically significantly higher ADH I activity was noted in the serum of patients with alcoholic fatty liver (4.45 mIU/L) compared to the control group (2.04 mIU/L). A statistically significant increase in the activity was also noted for the class II alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzyme (29.21 mIU/L, control group: 15.56 mIU/L) and the total ADH (1.41 IU/L, control group: 0.63 IU/L). Conclusions: The obtained results imply the diagnostic usefulness of the determination of AHD total, ADH I, and ADH II activity in the serum of patients with alcoholic fatty liver.

Antibody levels that confer full protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection after the administration of different vaccine brands as well as the factors influencing the humoral immune response have been analyzed extensively ever since the vaccination program was launched in late 2020. The aim of this study was to determine anti-SARS-CoV-2S antibody titers in 100 healthcare workers 10 months after the administration of two BNT162b2 vaccine doses, and to investigate the influence of demographic characteristics, the presence of comorbidities and history of COVID-19 infection. The results were compared with antibody levels that were determined eight months after the administration of two BNT162b2 vaccine doses in our previous study. Antibody levels in venous blood serum were measured by the ECLIA method with the use of the Roche Cobas e411 analyzer. In all tested subjects, antibody titers remained high 10 months after vaccination, particularly in recovered COVID-19 patients, and only a minor decrease was observed relative to the values noted two months earlier.

Celem artykułu jest analiza roli Straży Granicznej w kontekście funkcjonowania umowy o małym ruchu granicznym z Rosją w latach 2012–2016 oraz wpływu tej formacji na stan bezpieczeństwa wschodniej granicy RP. Zwrócono uwagę na konieczność zmian, jakim (po akcesji Polski do struktur unijnych) ulec musiał cały system ochrony granic, w tym służb porządku publicznego. Analizie poddano instytucję małego ruchu granicznego obowiązującego na pograniczu polsko-rosyjskim. Na podstawie danych statystycznych zarejestrowanych przez Warmińsko-Mazurski Oddział Straży Granicznej przedstawiono zakres zmian w intensywności ruchu granicznego odbywającego się przez przejścia graniczne podległe Warmińsko-Mazurskiemu Oddziałowi Straży Granicznej oraz wskazano system naruszeń wynikających z niedostosowywania się do przepisów regulujących zasady reżimu.

Introduction: Medical students are particularly susceptible to nutritional deficiencies and mental health problems due to intensive study demands, stress, and lifestyle factors. Vitamin D3, vitamin B12, and folate deficiencies have been implicated in mental well-being, although evidence remains inconsistent. Objective: To assess the prevalence of vitamin D3, vitamin B12, and folate deficiencies among medical students at the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, and to explore associations between serum concentrations of these vitamins, lifestyle factors, and self-reported well-being. Materials and Methods: The study included 97 medical students. Serum vitamin concentrations were measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Well-being was assessed with the WHO-5 Well-Being Index. Group comparisons were performed using non-parametric tests, and a Poisson regression model was applied as an exploratory analysis to examine associations between selected lifestyle factors and well-being. Results: Vitamin D3 deficiency was observed in 78% of students, folate deficiency in 20%, and vitamin B12 deficiency in 8%. In unadjusted analyses, differences in serum vitamin D3 and vitamin B12 concentrations were observed between students with lower and higher self-reported well-being, whereas folate concentrations did not differ. However, after correction for multiple testing using the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure, none of these associations remained statistically significant. Exploratory regression analysis suggested that physical activity and gender may be associated with well-being, while no association with vitamin D3 supplementation was observed. Conclusions: Vitamin D3, vitamin B12, and folate deficiencies were common among medical students. Exploratory analyses suggested differences in vitamin D3 and vitamin B12 concentrations across well-being groups; however, these findings did not remain significant after correction for multiple testing and should be interpreted with caution. Overall, the results indicate that lifestyle-related factors, particularly physical activity, may play a more prominent role in student well-being than serum vitamin concentrations alone. Further longitudinal studies are required to clarify these relationships.