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Martine van der Ploeg
Hydrology and Quantitative Water Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands

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Preprint content
Published: 04 March 2021
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Permafrost has become thermally instable as a result of surface warming, which has an uncertain impact on future hydrogeological conditions and the associated mobilisation of carbon and release into the atmosphere. Numerical modelling can provide insights into future permafrost spatial and temporal dynamics. However, crucial observational data of permafrost active-layer thermal properties; thermal conductivity and heat capacity are sparse, resulting in a large uncertainty in forecasts of the future development of the active layer. Therefore, our study aims to develop a methodology to numerically determine the permafrost thermal and soil properties from observations of temperature time-series in the subsurface, in order to reduce the current model uncertainty.

We used an ensemble of 786 numerical 1D permafrost models fitted against observed active layer temperature data from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP)1 to find the optimal values for the soil thermal conductivity, heat capacity and porosity. Optimal parameter values are determined by finding the minimum RMSE, KGE and using the Russell error measure. We find optimized values for bulk volumetric heat capacity 1.3-1.85 106J/m3°C , bulk thermal conductivity 0.9-1.1 W/m°C and porosity between 0.25-0.35 (-), which are in agreement with typical ranges reported in literature for similar settings on the QTP. In a further sensitivity study, the 3 optimal parameter combinations were used to model the active layer thickness over a 100-year period with a gradual hypothetical air temperature increase of 5°C. The results indicate a substantial difference in rate of thawing and increase in depth of the active layer for these models, with a maximum time-lag of roughly 15 years in before the models reach the same active layer thawing depth. The study shows how numerical models can be applied to determine active layer thermal properties without the need for field samples, opening up new possibility for in-situ permafrost temperature observation.

1. Luo, D. L., Jin, H. J., He, R. X., Wang, X. F., Muskett, R. R., Marchenko, S. S., & Romanovsky, V. E. (2018). Characteristics of water-heat exchanges and inconsistent surface temperature changes at an elevational permafrost site on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 123, 10,057–10,075. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD028298

ACS Style

Jelte de Bruin; Victor Bense; Martine van der Ploeg. Determining permafrost active layer thermal properties of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau using field observations and numerical modelling. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Jelte de Bruin, Victor Bense, Martine van der Ploeg. Determining permafrost active layer thermal properties of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau using field observations and numerical modelling. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jelte de Bruin; Victor Bense; Martine van der Ploeg. 2021. "Determining permafrost active layer thermal properties of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau using field observations and numerical modelling." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 03 March 2021
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Our recent field-based study undertaken at the Saigon river, Vietnam, shows that water hyacinths are responsible for entraining and transporting a majority of floating macroplastic litter. These invasive, free-floating water plants can form patches of several meters in length and width and tend to aggregate large amounts of plastic litter. Over the course of a six-week study, we demonstrated that 78% of the floating macroplastic observed were carried downstream accumulated within these floating plant patches.

The strong seasonality of water hyacinths, coupled with the temporal variability in macroplastic flux, calls for a longer monitoring effort. To this end, a one-year monitoring campaign is currently being undertaken at the Saigon river, which will apply satellite imagery, drone, camera imagery analysis and visual counting from bridges. Combined, these methods can help to characterize the contribution of hyacinths to macroplastic transport and accumulation at different temporal (from hours/days to weeks/months) and spatial (from sample sites to the river system) scales.

We evaluate the selected monitoring techniques, and present the preliminary results of this large-scale monitoring effort. We provide the first scientific overview of the contribution of water hyacinths in plastic transport relative to the total plastic transport, and its spatiotemporal variability. In addition, we assess the monitoring techniques used and provide suggestions for similar long-term monitoring strategies.

ACS Style

Louise Schreyers; Tim van Emmerik; Thanh-Khiet L. Bui; Lauren Biermann; Dung Le Quang; Niels Janssens; Emily Strady; Nguyen Hong Quan; Dung Duc Tran; Martine van der Ploeg. Plastic plants: Long-term monitoring of macroplastic entrapment by water hyacinths in the Saigon river . 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Louise Schreyers, Tim van Emmerik, Thanh-Khiet L. Bui, Lauren Biermann, Dung Le Quang, Niels Janssens, Emily Strady, Nguyen Hong Quan, Dung Duc Tran, Martine van der Ploeg. Plastic plants: Long-term monitoring of macroplastic entrapment by water hyacinths in the Saigon river . . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Louise Schreyers; Tim van Emmerik; Thanh-Khiet L. Bui; Lauren Biermann; Dung Le Quang; Niels Janssens; Emily Strady; Nguyen Hong Quan; Dung Duc Tran; Martine van der Ploeg. 2021. "Plastic plants: Long-term monitoring of macroplastic entrapment by water hyacinths in the Saigon river ." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 03 March 2021
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Plant transpiration accounts for about half of all terrestrial evaporation (Jasechko et al., 2013). Plants need water for many vital functions including nutrient uptake, growth, maintenance of cell turgor pressure and leaf cooling. Due to the regulation of water transport by stomata in the leaves, plants lose 97% of the water they take via their roots, to the atmosphere. They can be viewed as transpiration-powered pumps on the interface between the soil and atmosphere.

Measuring plant-water dynamics is essential to gain better insight into their role in the terrestrial water cycle and plant productivity. It can be measured at different levels of integration, from the single cell micro-scale to the ecosystem macro-scale, on time scales from minutes to months. In this contribution, we give an overview of state-of-the-art techniques for transpiration measurement and highlight several promising innovations for monitoring plant-water relations. Some of the techniques we will cover include stomata imaging by microscopy, gas exchange for stomatal conductance and transpiration monitoring, thermometry for water stress detection, sap flow monitoring, hyperspectral imaging, ultrasound spectroscopy, accelerometry, scintillometry and satellite-remote sensing.

Outlook: To fully assess water transport within the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum, a variety of techniques is required to monitor environmental variables in combination with biological responses at different scales. Yet this is not sufficient: to truly solve for spatial heterogeneity as well as temporal variability, dense network sampling is needed.

In PLANTENNA (https://www.4tu.nl/plantenna/en/) a team of electronics, precision and microsystems engineers together with plant and environmental scientists develop and implement innovative (3D-)sensor networks that measure plant and environmental parameters at high resolution and low cost. Our main challenge for in-situ sensor autonomy (“plug and forget”) is energy: we want the sensor nodes to be hyper-efficient and rely fully on (miniaturised) energy-harvesting.

REFERENCES:

Jasechko, S., Sharp, Z. D., Gibson, J. J., Birks, S. J., Yi, Y., & Fawcett, P. J. (2013). Terrestrial water fluxes dominated by transpiration. Nature, 496(7445), 347-350.
Plantenna: "Internet of Plants". (n.d.). https://www.4tu.nl/plantenna/en/

 

ACS Style

Marie-Claire Ten Veldhuis; Tom Van Den Berg; Martine van der Ploeg; Elias Kaiser; Satadal Dutta; Arnold Moene; Sylvere Vialet-Chabrand; Tim van Emmerik. Plants, vital players in the terrestrial water cycle. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Marie-Claire Ten Veldhuis, Tom Van Den Berg, Martine van der Ploeg, Elias Kaiser, Satadal Dutta, Arnold Moene, Sylvere Vialet-Chabrand, Tim van Emmerik. Plants, vital players in the terrestrial water cycle. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marie-Claire Ten Veldhuis; Tom Van Den Berg; Martine van der Ploeg; Elias Kaiser; Satadal Dutta; Arnold Moene; Sylvere Vialet-Chabrand; Tim van Emmerik. 2021. "Plants, vital players in the terrestrial water cycle." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 18 January 2021 in Water
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Soil erosion by gullies in Ethiopia is causing environmental and socioeconomic problems. A sound soil and water management plan requires accurately predicted gully erosion hotspot areas. Hence, this study develops a gully erosion susceptibility map (GESM) using frequency ratio (FR) and random forest (RF) algorithms. A total of 56 gullies were surveyed, and their extents were derived by digitizing Google Earth imagery. Literature review and a multicollinearity test resulted in 14 environmental variables for the final analysis. Model prediction potential was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC) method. Results showed that the best prediction accuracy using the FR and RF models was obtained by using the top four most important gully predictor factors: drainage density, elevation, land use, and groundwater table. The notion that the groundwater table is one of the most important gully predictor factors in Ethiopia is a novel and significant quantifiable finding and is critical to the design of effective watershed management plans. Results from separate variable importance analyses showed land cover for Nitisols and drainage density for Vertisols as leading factors determining gully locations. Factors such as texture, stream power index, convergence index, slope length, and plan and profile curvatures were found to have little significance for gully formation in the studied catchment.

ACS Style

Selamawit Amare; Eddy Langendoen; Saskia Keesstra; Martine Ploeg; Habtamu Gelagay; Hanibal Lemma; Sjoerd Zee. Susceptibility to Gully Erosion: Applying Random Forest (RF) and Frequency Ratio (FR) Approaches to a Small Catchment in Ethiopia. Water 2021, 13, 216 .

AMA Style

Selamawit Amare, Eddy Langendoen, Saskia Keesstra, Martine Ploeg, Habtamu Gelagay, Hanibal Lemma, Sjoerd Zee. Susceptibility to Gully Erosion: Applying Random Forest (RF) and Frequency Ratio (FR) Approaches to a Small Catchment in Ethiopia. Water. 2021; 13 (2):216.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Selamawit Amare; Eddy Langendoen; Saskia Keesstra; Martine Ploeg; Habtamu Gelagay; Hanibal Lemma; Sjoerd Zee. 2021. "Susceptibility to Gully Erosion: Applying Random Forest (RF) and Frequency Ratio (FR) Approaches to a Small Catchment in Ethiopia." Water 13, no. 2: 216.

Research article
Published: 02 January 2021 in Land Degradation & Development
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Long‐term conventional tillage leads to soil compaction and formation of a plough layer, which affects soil physical properties, transport of water, and growth of crop roots towards deeper soil, resulting in soil degradation and a decline in crop productivity. Long‐term sub‐soiling tillage has proven to be an effective measure for remediating the plough layer and improving the structure and physical properties of the soil. In this study, we experimentally investigated the effects of long‐term sub‐soiling tillage in an arid region of Henan Province, China, along a deep soil (0–100 cm) profile over 8 years of sub‐soiling tillage at a depth of 30 cm, and compared the results against conventional tillage at a depth of 15 cm. We measured soil pore distributions of macropores (> 1 mm in diameter), mesopores (0.16–1.0 mm) and total pores (> 0.16 mm) measured by X‐ray computed tomography (CT), soil total porosity (ϕ) and > 0.16 mm equivalent porosity measured by conventional methods, soil bulk density (ρs), soil organic carbon content (SOC), the proportion of macroaggregates (> 0.25 mm) (PMA), soil field moisture capacity (fc), available moisture content, and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat). The results indicate that long‐term sub‐soiling tillage increased soil pore numbers at 0‐35 cm depth (macropores, mesopores and total pores), improved pore shape, and significantly increased porosity at 0‐20 cm depth (macropores, mesopores, and total pores) (P < 0.05) compared to conventional tillage. In addition, ϕ and > 0.16 mm equivalent porosity were increased by 10.4% and 87.1% at depths of 0‐60cm under sub‐soiling tillage, respectively. SOC (0–55 cm depth), fc (0–45 cm depth), available moisture content (0–40 cm depth), Ksat (0–40 cm depth), PMA (0–50 cm depth) were increased by 16.7%, 14.3%, 23.8%, 471.5% and 98.3% respectively, and ρs (0–60 cm depth) was reduced by 8.6%. Observed correlations between SOC, soil pore parameters and soil physical properties suggest that soil pore parameters and soil physical properties can be improved by increasing SOC. These correlations are stronger under sub‐soiling than that under conventional tillage. Therefore, sub‐soiling is an effective technique for improving soil pore characteristics and physical properties while preventing soil degradation.

ACS Style

Yonghui Yang; Jicheng Wu; Shiwei Zhao; Yongping Mao; Jiemei Zhang; Xiaoying Pan; Fang He; Martine van der Ploeg. Impact of long‐term sub‐soiling tillage on soil porosity and soil physical properties in the soil profile. Land Degradation & Development 2021, 32, 2892 -2905.

AMA Style

Yonghui Yang, Jicheng Wu, Shiwei Zhao, Yongping Mao, Jiemei Zhang, Xiaoying Pan, Fang He, Martine van der Ploeg. Impact of long‐term sub‐soiling tillage on soil porosity and soil physical properties in the soil profile. Land Degradation & Development. 2021; 32 (10):2892-2905.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yonghui Yang; Jicheng Wu; Shiwei Zhao; Yongping Mao; Jiemei Zhang; Xiaoying Pan; Fang He; Martine van der Ploeg. 2021. "Impact of long‐term sub‐soiling tillage on soil porosity and soil physical properties in the soil profile." Land Degradation & Development 32, no. 10: 2892-2905.

Research article
Published: 21 December 2020 in Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
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The soil moisture status near the land surface is a key determinant of vegetation productivity. The critical soil moisture content determines the transition from an energy-limited to a water-limited evapotranspiration regime. This study quantifies the critical soil moisture content by comparison of in situ soil moisture profile measurements of the Raam and Twente networks in the Netherlands, with two satellite-derived vegetation indices (near-infrared reflectance of terrestrial vegetation, NIRv, and vegetation optical depth, VOD) during the 2018 summer drought. The critical soil moisture content is obtained through a piece-wise linear correlation of the NIRv and VOD anomalies with soil moisture on different depths of the profile. This non-linear relation reflects the observation that negative soil moisture anomalies develop weeks before the first reduction in vegetation indices: 2–3 weeks in this case. Furthermore, the inferred critical soil moisture content was found to increase with observation depth, and this relationship is shown to be linear and distinctive per area, reflecting the tendency of roots to take up water from deeper layers when drought progresses. The relations of non-stressed towards water-stressed vegetation conditions on distinct depths are derived using remote sensing, enabling the parameterization of reduced evapotranspiration and its effect on gross primary productivity in models to study the impact of a drought on the carbon cycle.

ACS Style

Joost Buitink; Anne M. Swank; Martine van der Ploeg; Naomi E. Smith; Harm-Jan F. Benninga; Frank van der Bolt; Coleen D. U. Carranza; Gerbrand Koren; Rogier van der Velde; Adriaan J. Teuling. Anatomy of the 2018 agricultural drought in the Netherlands using in situ soil moisture and satellite vegetation indices. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 2020, 24, 6021 -6031.

AMA Style

Joost Buitink, Anne M. Swank, Martine van der Ploeg, Naomi E. Smith, Harm-Jan F. Benninga, Frank van der Bolt, Coleen D. U. Carranza, Gerbrand Koren, Rogier van der Velde, Adriaan J. Teuling. Anatomy of the 2018 agricultural drought in the Netherlands using in situ soil moisture and satellite vegetation indices. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 2020; 24 (12):6021-6031.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joost Buitink; Anne M. Swank; Martine van der Ploeg; Naomi E. Smith; Harm-Jan F. Benninga; Frank van der Bolt; Coleen D. U. Carranza; Gerbrand Koren; Rogier van der Velde; Adriaan J. Teuling. 2020. "Anatomy of the 2018 agricultural drought in the Netherlands using in situ soil moisture and satellite vegetation indices." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 24, no. 12: 6021-6031.

Preprint content
Published: 17 August 2020
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The soil moisture status near the land surface is a key determinant of vegetation productivity. The critical soil moisture content determines the transition from an energy-limited to a water-limited evapotranspiration regime. This study quantifies the critical soil moisture content by comparison of in situ soil moisture profile measurements of the Raam and Twenthe networks in the Netherlands, with two satellite derived vegetation indices (NIRv and VOD) during the 2018 summer drought. The critical soil moisture content is obtained through a piece-wise linear correlation of the NIRv and VOD anomalies with soil moisture on different depths of the profile. This nonlinear relation reflects the observation that negative soil moisture anomalies develop weeks before the first reduction in vegetation indices. Furthermore, the inferred critical soil moisture content was found to increase with observation depth and this relationship is shown to be linear and distinctive per area, reflecting the tendency of roots to take up water from deeper layers when drought progresses. The relations of non-stressed towards water-stressed vegetation conditions on distinct depths are derived using Remote Sensing, enabling the parameterization of reduced evapotranspiration and its effect on GPP in models to study the impact of a drought on the carbon cycle.

ACS Style

Joost Buitink; Anne M. Swank; Martine Van Der Ploeg; Naomi E. Smith; Harm-Jan F. Benninga; Frank Van Der Bolt; Coleen D. U. Carranza; Gerbrand Koren; Rogier Van Der Velde; Adriaan J. Teuling. Anatomy of the 2018 agricultural drought in The Netherlands using in situ soil moisture and satellite vegetation indices. 2020, 2020, 1 -17.

AMA Style

Joost Buitink, Anne M. Swank, Martine Van Der Ploeg, Naomi E. Smith, Harm-Jan F. Benninga, Frank Van Der Bolt, Coleen D. U. Carranza, Gerbrand Koren, Rogier Van Der Velde, Adriaan J. Teuling. Anatomy of the 2018 agricultural drought in The Netherlands using in situ soil moisture and satellite vegetation indices. . 2020; 2020 ():1-17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joost Buitink; Anne M. Swank; Martine Van Der Ploeg; Naomi E. Smith; Harm-Jan F. Benninga; Frank Van Der Bolt; Coleen D. U. Carranza; Gerbrand Koren; Rogier Van Der Velde; Adriaan J. Teuling. 2020. "Anatomy of the 2018 agricultural drought in The Netherlands using in situ soil moisture and satellite vegetation indices." 2020, no. : 1-17.

Preprint content
Published: 23 March 2020
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Soil, the living skin of the Earth, provides ecosystem services critical for life: soil acts as a water filter and a growing medium, offers habitat for billions of organisms, and supplies most of the antibiotics. In places, it may take a hundred years to form one cm of soil, but it can be degraded only in a few years or less by a number of natural and anthropogenic factors, including climate change. Presently, one third of all land is degraded to some extent, and fertile soil is lost every year. Droughts are becoming more common, also in humid climates, and the combination of erratic weather patterns with an increased pressure on land by human activities leads to soil degradation. Soil degradation results in a loss of fertile topsoil, thereby altering the soil hydrology completely. As the consequences, soil water holding capacity decreases, hydrophobicity increases, and more runoff is observed, that leads to further soil degradation. Thus, soil hydrology is the key for a healthy functioning topsoil/soil ecosystem. We are in urgent need for novel solutions for improving soil hydraulic properties that will lead to restoration of degraded soils.

In this study we investigate a possibility of restoring degraded soil using microorganisms. The hypothesis is that microorganisms can improve soil hydraulic properties such as infiltration and water retention, and reduce hydrophobicity that will facilitate further ecosystem restoration. Such strategy is based on combining the research fields of microbiology and soil physics that to date have hardly been combined. To test this hypothesis, we have inoculated sandy soil with a bacterium Bacillus mycoides and then measured its hydraulic properties using evaporation and pressure plate methods. We have also made efforts of standardizing this methodology by testing incubation time and inoculum concentrations on the hydraulic properties of the soil. Evaluation of an effect of bacteria addition on the soil water holding capacities and unsaturated water conductivity have been conducted as a comparison between inoculated soil and uninoculated (control). Results of this ongoing study will be presented here.

ACS Style

Oksana Coban; Gerlinde De Deyn; Martine Van Der Ploeg. From soil degradation to restoration via soil microorganisms. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Oksana Coban, Gerlinde De Deyn, Martine Van Der Ploeg. From soil degradation to restoration via soil microorganisms. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oksana Coban; Gerlinde De Deyn; Martine Van Der Ploeg. 2020. "From soil degradation to restoration via soil microorganisms." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 23 March 2020
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Root zone soil moisture (θrz) is a crucial component of the hydrological cycle and provides information for drought monitoring, irrigation scheduling, and carbon cycle modeling. During vegetation conditions, estimation of θrz thru radar has so far only focused on retrieving surface soil moisture using the soil component of the total backscatter (σsoil), which is then assimilated into physical hydrological models. The utility of the vegetation component of the total backscatter (σveg) has not been widely explored and is commonly corrected for in most soil moisture retrieval methods. However, σveg provides information about vegetation water content. Furthermore, it has been known in agronomy that pre-dawn leaf water potential is in equilibrium with that of the soil. Therefore soil water status can be inferred by examining  the vegetation water status. In this study, our main goal is to determine whether changes in root zone soil moisture (Δθrz) shows corresponding changes in vegetation backscatter (Δσveg) at pre-dawn. We utilized Sentinel-1 (S1) descending pass and in situ soil moisture measurements from 2016-2018 at two soil moisture networks (Raam and Twente) in the Netherlands. We focused on corn and grass which are the most dominant crops at the sites and considered the depth-averaged θrz up to 40 cm to capture the rooting depths for both crops. Dubois’ model formulation for VV-polarization was applied to estimate the surface roughness parameter (Hrms) and σsoil during vegetated periods. Afterwards, the Water Cloud Model was used to derive σveg by subtracting σsoil from S1 backscatter (σtot). To ensure that S1 only measures vegetation water content, rainy days were excluded to remove the influence of intercepted rainfall on the backscatter. The slope of regression lines (β) fitted over plots of Δσveg against Δθrz were used investigate the dynamics over a growing season. Our main result indicates that Δσveg - Δθrz relation is influenced by crop growth stage and changes in water content in the root zone. For corn, changes in β’s over a growing season follow the trend in a crop coefficient (Kc) curve, which is a measure of crop water requirements. Grasses, which are perennial crops, show trends corresponding to the mature crop stage. The correlation between soil moisture (Δθ) at specific soil depths (5, 10, 20, and 40 cm) and Δσveg matches root growth for corn and known rooting depths for both corn and grass. Dry spells (e.g. July 2018) and a large increase in root zone water content in between two dry-day S1 overpass (e.g. from rainfall) result in a lower β, which indicates that Δσveg does not match well with Δθrz. The influence of vegetation on S1 backscatter is more pronounced for corn, which translated to a clearer Δσveg - Δθrz relation compared to grass. The sensitivity of Δσveg to Δθrz in corn means that the analysis may be applicable to other broad leaf crops or forested areas, with potential applications for monitoring  periods of water stress.

ACS Style

Coleen Carranza; Tim Van Emmerik; Martine Van Der Ploeg. Detecting changes in root zone soil moisture from radar vegetation backscatter. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Coleen Carranza, Tim Van Emmerik, Martine Van Der Ploeg. Detecting changes in root zone soil moisture from radar vegetation backscatter. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Coleen Carranza; Tim Van Emmerik; Martine Van Der Ploeg. 2020. "Detecting changes in root zone soil moisture from radar vegetation backscatter." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 23 March 2020
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Cold-regions hold a pool of organic carbon that has accumulated over many thousands to millions of years and which is currently kept immobile by permafrost. However, in a warming climate, a deepening of the active layer results in the release of greenhouse gasses CO2 and CH4 into the atmosphere from this carbon pool. Additionally, due to the degradation of deeper permafost, soil hydraulic properties and associated groundwater flow paths are shifting rapidly as a result of which also organic carbon in deeper permafrost is being dissolved into groundwater, which can then reach the surface environment via groundwater flow.  This provides an additional mechanism by which permafrost carbon can be mobilized in  a warming climate, and one which is likely increasingly important for progressive surface warming.

Although the process of carbon leaching from thawing organic rich permafrost layers into the groundwater is an increasingly important part of the carbon cycle of cold-regions, it is notoriously difficult to measure in situ or incorporate into numerical model assessments due to the highly heterogeneous properties of the permafrost, and lack of process knowledge. In particular, the crucial understanding of the influence of different soil physical properties such as soil grain size and organic matter content on permafrost thawing processes is missing, as well the precise release mechanisms  of organic matter into pore waters in thawing soils.

This study employs lab soil column experiments to investigate the interplay between soil physical properties and thawing dynamics of permafrost. One meter high soil columns are frozen to create controlled permafrost conditions. A range of sand grain sizes (0.1 to 0.8mm) and organic matter contents (1 to 10 wt%) representative for sedimentary permafrost are used. The column is thermally insulated on the sides and top, exposing only one face to ambient temperature in the climate chamber. In this way one-dimensional heat flow conditions are created. So far, the columns are equipped with arrays of temperature sensors. Experiments consist of a cycle of freezing and thawing. Our initial data and analysis illustrate how a fast evolving thawing front develops through the frozen soil column  including the effects of latent heat at the thawing front. Numerical modeling allows to infer the soil thermal properties relevant to model the permafrost thawing process.

ACS Style

Jelte De Bruin; Victor Bense; Martine Van Der Ploeg. Freeze-thaw dynamics in synthetic permafrost soil columns with variable organic carbon content. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Jelte De Bruin, Victor Bense, Martine Van Der Ploeg. Freeze-thaw dynamics in synthetic permafrost soil columns with variable organic carbon content. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jelte De Bruin; Victor Bense; Martine Van Der Ploeg. 2020. "Freeze-thaw dynamics in synthetic permafrost soil columns with variable organic carbon content." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 09 March 2020
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Soil hydro-physical properties —such as soil water retention, (un)saturated hydraulic conductivity, shrinkage and swelling, organic matter content, texture (particle distribution), structure (soil aggregation/pore structure)and bulk density— are used in many sub(surface) modeling applications. Reliable soil-hydrophysical properties are key to proper predictions with such models, yet the harmonization and standardization of these properties has not received much attention. Lack of harmonization and standardization may lead to heterogeneity in data as a result of differences in methodologies, rather than real landscape heterogeneity. A need and scope has been identified to better harmonize, innovate, and standardize methodologies regarding measuring soil hydraulic properties that form the information base of many derived products in support of EU policy. With this identified need in mind the Soil Program on Hydro-Physics via International Engagement (SOPHIE) was initiated in 2017. Besides developing new activities that may advise future measurements, we also explore historic data and metadata and mine its relevant contents. The European Hydro-pedological Data Inventory (EU-HYDI), the largest European database on measured soil hydrophysical properties, is – to date – rather under-explored in this sense, which served as motivation for this work.

From EU-HYDI we selected those records that were complete for soil texture, bulk density and organic matter, and fitted pedo-transfer functions separately for particular water retention points (at heads of 0, 2.5, 10, 100, 300, 1000, 3000, 15000 cm) and saturated hydraulic conductivity by multi-linear regression. We then subtracted the observed retention and hydraulic conductivity values from their estimated counterparts, and grouped the residuals by measurement methodologies. The results show that there can be significant differences between different methodologies and sample sizes used to obtain the water retention and hydraulic conductivity in the laboratory. The results thus show that the EU-data that may underlie large scale modelling may introduce errors in the forcing data that are attributed to a lack of harmonization and standardization in currently used measurement protocols.

ACS Style

Martine Van Der Ploeg; Attila Nemes. Data forcing errors resulting from lack of harmonization and standardization in measurement methodologies: A comparison of soil hydrophysical data from a large EU database. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Martine Van Der Ploeg, Attila Nemes. Data forcing errors resulting from lack of harmonization and standardization in measurement methodologies: A comparison of soil hydrophysical data from a large EU database. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Martine Van Der Ploeg; Attila Nemes. 2020. "Data forcing errors resulting from lack of harmonization and standardization in measurement methodologies: A comparison of soil hydrophysical data from a large EU database." , no. : 1.

Article
Published: 05 February 2020
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The importance of soil moisture is recognized globally because it controls hydrological processes that are relevant to agriculture and climate studies. Currently, estimation of root zone soil moisture is largely accomplished using physical models, which are based on flow and transport equations. However, with the complexity of the processes operating in the vadose zone as well as their interactions with each other, parameterizing all the relevant processes is quite a challenge. This complexity is further enhanced by spatio-temporal variability in soil and vegetation properties which demand model parameters to be dynamic. Alternatively, purely data-based methods for root zone soil moisture estimation are still limited despite the growing availability of datasets from networks established within the last decade. Currently, these datasets are used largely for calibration and validation of physical models and retrieval methods from satellites. In this study, we explored the utility of Random Forest (RF) as an approach for predicting and forecasting daily root zone soil moisture from selected stations in the Raam and Twente network. We trained a single RF using meteorological datasets, soil type, land cover type, and LAI as predictor variables. The model was also tuned in order to obtain the optimal hyperparameters (mtry and ntree) and number of training samples. A comparison with model simulation results using Hydrus-1D was also performed. Our results show that RF can accurately predict and forecast root zone soil moisture at the study sites based on RMSE of 0.02 – 0.12 m3m-3, in comparison with Hydrus-1D simulations having RMSE of 0.05-0.22 m3m-3. However, poor results were obtained for saturated water conditions. In addition, 5-95% RF prediction intervals become wider at saturated water conditions for some sites, which indicates higher prediction and forecast uncertainties. RF can be used for root zone soil moisture estimation, especially at data poor regions where information on soil hydraulic parameters are sparse or lacking. It can also be used for estimating missing values at gaps in time series datasets.

ACS Style

Coleen CarranzaiD; Martine Van Der Ploeg. Predicting and forecasting root zone soil moisture with Random Forests. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Coleen CarranzaiD, Martine Van Der Ploeg. Predicting and forecasting root zone soil moisture with Random Forests. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Coleen CarranzaiD; Martine Van Der Ploeg. 2020. "Predicting and forecasting root zone soil moisture with Random Forests." , no. : 1.

Research article
Published: 05 November 2019 in Methods in Ecology and Evolution
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Climate change is a worldwide threat to biodiversity and ecosystem structure, functioning, and services. To understand the underlying drivers and mechanisms, and to predict the consequences for nature and people, we urgently need better understanding of the direction and magnitude of climate‐change impacts across the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum. An increasing number of climate‐change studies is creating new opportunities for meaningful and high‐quality generalisations and improved process understanding. However, significant challenges exist related to data availability and/or compatibility across studies, compromising opportunities for data re‐use, synthesis, and upscaling. Many of these challenges relate to a lack of an established “best practice” for measuring key impacts and responses. This restrains our current understanding of complex processes and mechanisms in terrestrial ecosystems related to climate change.

ACS Style

Aud H. Halbritter; Hans J. De Boeck; Amy E. Eycott; Sabine Reinsch; David A. Robinson; Sara Vicca; Bernd Berauer; Casper T. Christiansen; Marc Estiarte; José M. Grünzweig; Ragnhild Gya; Karin Hansen; Anke Jentsch; Hanna Lee; Sune Linder; John Marshall; Josep Peñuelas; Inger Kappel Schmidt; Ellen Stuart‐Haëntjens; Peter Wilfahrt; Vigdis Vandvik; Nelson Abrantes; María Almagro; Inge Althuizen; Isabel C. Barrio; Mariska Te Beest; Claus Beier; Ilka Beil; Z. Carter Berry; Tone Birkemoe; Jarle W. Bjerke; Benjamin Blonder; Gesche Blume‐Werry; Gil Bohrer; Isabel Campos; Lucas A. Cernusak; Bogdan H. Chojnicki; Bernhard J. Cosby; Lee T. Dickman; Ika Djukic; Iolanda Filella; Lucia Fuchslueger; Albert Gargallo‐Garriga; Mark A. K. Gillespie; Gregory R. Goldsmith; Christopher Gough; Fletcher W. Halliday; Stein Joar Hegland; Günter Hoch; Petr Holub; Francesca Jaroszynska; Daniel M. Johnson; Scott B. Jones; Paul Kardol; Jan J. Keizer; Karel Klem; Heidi S. Konestabo; Jürgen Kreyling; György Kröel‐Dulay; Simon M. Landhäusser; Klaus S. Larsen; Niki Leblans; Inma Lebron; Marco M. Lehmann; Jonas J. Lembrechts; Armando Lenz; Anja Linstädter; Joan Llusià; Marc Macias‐Fauria; Andrey V. Malyshev; Pille Mänd; Miles Marshall; Ashley M. Matheny; Nate McDowell; Ina C. Meier; Frederick C. Meinzer; Sean T. Michaletz; Megan L. Miller; Lena Muffler; Michal Oravec; Ivika Ostonen; Albert Porcar‐Castell; Catherine Preece; Iain C. Prentice; Dajana Radujković; Virve Ravolainen; Relena Ribbons; Jan C. Ruppert; Lawren Sack; Jordi Sardans; Andreas Schindlbacher; Christine Scoffoni; Bjarni D. Sigurdsson; Simon Smart; Stuart W. Smith; Fiona Soper; James D. M. Speed; Anne Sverdrup‐Thygeson; Markus A. K. Sydenham; Arezoo Taghizadeh-Toosi; Richard J. Telford; Katja Tielbörger; Joachim P. Töpper; Otmar Urban; Martine Ploeg; Leandro Van Langenhove; Kristýna Večeřová; Arne Ven; Erik Verbruggen; Unni Vik; Robert Weigel; Thomas Wohlgemuth; Lauren K. Wood; Julie Zinnert; Kamal Zurba; the ClimMani Working Group. The handbook for standardized field and laboratory measurements in terrestrial climate change experiments and observational studies (ClimEx). Methods in Ecology and Evolution 2019, 11, 22 -37.

AMA Style

Aud H. Halbritter, Hans J. De Boeck, Amy E. Eycott, Sabine Reinsch, David A. Robinson, Sara Vicca, Bernd Berauer, Casper T. Christiansen, Marc Estiarte, José M. Grünzweig, Ragnhild Gya, Karin Hansen, Anke Jentsch, Hanna Lee, Sune Linder, John Marshall, Josep Peñuelas, Inger Kappel Schmidt, Ellen Stuart‐Haëntjens, Peter Wilfahrt, Vigdis Vandvik, Nelson Abrantes, María Almagro, Inge Althuizen, Isabel C. Barrio, Mariska Te Beest, Claus Beier, Ilka Beil, Z. Carter Berry, Tone Birkemoe, Jarle W. Bjerke, Benjamin Blonder, Gesche Blume‐Werry, Gil Bohrer, Isabel Campos, Lucas A. Cernusak, Bogdan H. Chojnicki, Bernhard J. Cosby, Lee T. Dickman, Ika Djukic, Iolanda Filella, Lucia Fuchslueger, Albert Gargallo‐Garriga, Mark A. K. Gillespie, Gregory R. Goldsmith, Christopher Gough, Fletcher W. Halliday, Stein Joar Hegland, Günter Hoch, Petr Holub, Francesca Jaroszynska, Daniel M. Johnson, Scott B. Jones, Paul Kardol, Jan J. Keizer, Karel Klem, Heidi S. Konestabo, Jürgen Kreyling, György Kröel‐Dulay, Simon M. Landhäusser, Klaus S. Larsen, Niki Leblans, Inma Lebron, Marco M. Lehmann, Jonas J. Lembrechts, Armando Lenz, Anja Linstädter, Joan Llusià, Marc Macias‐Fauria, Andrey V. Malyshev, Pille Mänd, Miles Marshall, Ashley M. Matheny, Nate McDowell, Ina C. Meier, Frederick C. Meinzer, Sean T. Michaletz, Megan L. Miller, Lena Muffler, Michal Oravec, Ivika Ostonen, Albert Porcar‐Castell, Catherine Preece, Iain C. Prentice, Dajana Radujković, Virve Ravolainen, Relena Ribbons, Jan C. Ruppert, Lawren Sack, Jordi Sardans, Andreas Schindlbacher, Christine Scoffoni, Bjarni D. Sigurdsson, Simon Smart, Stuart W. Smith, Fiona Soper, James D. M. Speed, Anne Sverdrup‐Thygeson, Markus A. K. Sydenham, Arezoo Taghizadeh-Toosi, Richard J. Telford, Katja Tielbörger, Joachim P. Töpper, Otmar Urban, Martine Ploeg, Leandro Van Langenhove, Kristýna Večeřová, Arne Ven, Erik Verbruggen, Unni Vik, Robert Weigel, Thomas Wohlgemuth, Lauren K. Wood, Julie Zinnert, Kamal Zurba, the ClimMani Working Group. The handbook for standardized field and laboratory measurements in terrestrial climate change experiments and observational studies (ClimEx). Methods in Ecology and Evolution. 2019; 11 (1):22-37.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aud H. Halbritter; Hans J. De Boeck; Amy E. Eycott; Sabine Reinsch; David A. Robinson; Sara Vicca; Bernd Berauer; Casper T. Christiansen; Marc Estiarte; José M. Grünzweig; Ragnhild Gya; Karin Hansen; Anke Jentsch; Hanna Lee; Sune Linder; John Marshall; Josep Peñuelas; Inger Kappel Schmidt; Ellen Stuart‐Haëntjens; Peter Wilfahrt; Vigdis Vandvik; Nelson Abrantes; María Almagro; Inge Althuizen; Isabel C. Barrio; Mariska Te Beest; Claus Beier; Ilka Beil; Z. Carter Berry; Tone Birkemoe; Jarle W. Bjerke; Benjamin Blonder; Gesche Blume‐Werry; Gil Bohrer; Isabel Campos; Lucas A. Cernusak; Bogdan H. Chojnicki; Bernhard J. Cosby; Lee T. Dickman; Ika Djukic; Iolanda Filella; Lucia Fuchslueger; Albert Gargallo‐Garriga; Mark A. K. Gillespie; Gregory R. Goldsmith; Christopher Gough; Fletcher W. Halliday; Stein Joar Hegland; Günter Hoch; Petr Holub; Francesca Jaroszynska; Daniel M. Johnson; Scott B. Jones; Paul Kardol; Jan J. Keizer; Karel Klem; Heidi S. Konestabo; Jürgen Kreyling; György Kröel‐Dulay; Simon M. Landhäusser; Klaus S. Larsen; Niki Leblans; Inma Lebron; Marco M. Lehmann; Jonas J. Lembrechts; Armando Lenz; Anja Linstädter; Joan Llusià; Marc Macias‐Fauria; Andrey V. Malyshev; Pille Mänd; Miles Marshall; Ashley M. Matheny; Nate McDowell; Ina C. Meier; Frederick C. Meinzer; Sean T. Michaletz; Megan L. Miller; Lena Muffler; Michal Oravec; Ivika Ostonen; Albert Porcar‐Castell; Catherine Preece; Iain C. Prentice; Dajana Radujković; Virve Ravolainen; Relena Ribbons; Jan C. Ruppert; Lawren Sack; Jordi Sardans; Andreas Schindlbacher; Christine Scoffoni; Bjarni D. Sigurdsson; Simon Smart; Stuart W. Smith; Fiona Soper; James D. M. Speed; Anne Sverdrup‐Thygeson; Markus A. K. Sydenham; Arezoo Taghizadeh-Toosi; Richard J. Telford; Katja Tielbörger; Joachim P. Töpper; Otmar Urban; Martine Ploeg; Leandro Van Langenhove; Kristýna Večeřová; Arne Ven; Erik Verbruggen; Unni Vik; Robert Weigel; Thomas Wohlgemuth; Lauren K. Wood; Julie Zinnert; Kamal Zurba; the ClimMani Working Group. 2019. "The handbook for standardized field and laboratory measurements in terrestrial climate change experiments and observational studies (ClimEx)." Methods in Ecology and Evolution 11, no. 1: 22-37.

Review
Published: 17 September 2019 in Land
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Valley bottomland provides diverse agricultural and ecosystem benefits. Due to concentrated flow paths, they are more vulnerable to gully erosion than hillslope areas. The objective of this review was to show what caused valley bottoms gullies and to present deficiencies in existing rehabilitation measures. From the literature review, we found the following general trends: watershed characteristics determine location of valley bottom gullies; an increase in water transported from the watershed initiates the formation of gullies; the rate of change of the valley bottom gullies, once initiated, depends on the amount of rainfall and the soil and bedrock properties. Especially in humid climates, the presence of subsurface flow greatly enhances bank slippage and advancement of gully heads. Valley bottom gully reclamation measures are generally effective in arid and semi-arid areas with the limited subsurface flow and deep groundwater tables, whereas, for (sub) humid regions, similar remedial actions are not successful as they do not account for the effects of subsurface flows. To ensure effective implementation of rehabilitation measures, especially for humid regions, an integrated landscape approach that accounts for the combined subsurface and surface drainage is needed.

ACS Style

Selamawit Amare; Saskia Keesstra; Martine Van Der Ploeg; Eddy Langendoen; Tammo Steenhuis; Seifu Tilahun. Causes and Controlling Factors of Valley Bottom Gullies. Land 2019, 8, 141 .

AMA Style

Selamawit Amare, Saskia Keesstra, Martine Van Der Ploeg, Eddy Langendoen, Tammo Steenhuis, Seifu Tilahun. Causes and Controlling Factors of Valley Bottom Gullies. Land. 2019; 8 (9):141.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Selamawit Amare; Saskia Keesstra; Martine Van Der Ploeg; Eddy Langendoen; Tammo Steenhuis; Seifu Tilahun. 2019. "Causes and Controlling Factors of Valley Bottom Gullies." Land 8, no. 9: 141.

Journal article
Published: 29 March 2019 in Eos
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International Soil Modeling Consortium Conference: New Perspectives on Soil Models; Wageningen, Netherlands, 5–7 November 2018

ACS Style

Martine Van Der Ploeg; Coleen Carranza; Roland Baatz. Modeling Digs Beyond Soil Properties and Processes. Eos 2019, 100, 1 .

AMA Style

Martine Van Der Ploeg, Coleen Carranza, Roland Baatz. Modeling Digs Beyond Soil Properties and Processes. Eos. 2019; 100 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Martine Van Der Ploeg; Coleen Carranza; Roland Baatz. 2019. "Modeling Digs Beyond Soil Properties and Processes." Eos 100, no. : 1.

Research article
Published: 01 January 2019 in Environmental Chemistry
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Environmental contextMicroplastics found in soil pose several potential environmental risks. This study shows that microplastics on the soil surface can be ingested by earthworms and transported to the lower soil layers. In this way, microplastics may enter the food chain and find their way into groundwater systems, especially in cases where the water table is shallow. AbstractIn the current study, we examine how the activities of earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) affect microplastic (MP) distribution and concentration in soil, with a focus on low density polyethylene (LDPE). We also want to determine if MPs can be flushed out with water. We used a laboratory sandy soil column (polyvinyl chloride tube) experimental set-up and tested five different treatments: (1) treatment with just soil (control) to check if the saturated conductivity (Ksat) could be impacted by MP, (2) treatment with MP, (3) treatment with MP and litter, (4) treatment with earthworms and litter as a second control for treatment 5 and (5) treatment with MPs, earthworms and litter. Each treatment consisted of eight replicates. For the treatments with MP, the concentration of MP added at the start of the experiment was 7% by weight (3.97g, polyethylene, 50% 1mm–250µm, 30% 250µm–150µm and 20% <150µm) based on 52.78g of dry litter from Populus nigra. In the treatments using earthworms, two adult earthworms, with an initial average weight of (7.14±0.26) g, were placed in each column. Results showed that LDPE particles could be introduced into the soil by the earthworms. MP particles were detected in each soil sample and within different soil layers for the earthworm treatments. Earthworms showed a tendency to transport the smaller MP particles and that the amount of MPs in size class <250μm increased in soil samples with increasing soil depth in comparison to the other size classes. After leaching, MPs were only detected in the leachate from the treatments with the earthworms, and the MP had similar size distributions as the soil samples in the 40–50cm layer of the treatment with MP, earthworms and litter. The results of this study clearly show that biogenic activities can mobilise MP transport from the surface into the soil and even be leached into drainage. It is highly likely that biogenic activities constitute a potential pathway for MPs to be transported into soil and groundwater.

ACS Style

Miao Yu; Martine Van Der Ploeg; Esperanza Huerta Lwanga; Xiaomei Yang; Shaoliang Zhang; Xiaoyi Ma; Coen J. Ritsema; Violette Geissen. Leaching of microplastics by preferential flow in earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris) burrows. Environmental Chemistry 2019, 16, 31 .

AMA Style

Miao Yu, Martine Van Der Ploeg, Esperanza Huerta Lwanga, Xiaomei Yang, Shaoliang Zhang, Xiaoyi Ma, Coen J. Ritsema, Violette Geissen. Leaching of microplastics by preferential flow in earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris) burrows. Environmental Chemistry. 2019; 16 (1):31.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Miao Yu; Martine Van Der Ploeg; Esperanza Huerta Lwanga; Xiaomei Yang; Shaoliang Zhang; Xiaoyi Ma; Coen J. Ritsema; Violette Geissen. 2019. "Leaching of microplastics by preferential flow in earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris) burrows." Environmental Chemistry 16, no. 1: 31.

Research article
Published: 31 May 2018 in Landscape Ecology
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Traditionally soils have not received much attention in urban planning. For this, tools are needed that can both be understood both by soil scientists and urban planners. The purpose of this paper is to enhance the role of soil knowledge in urban planning practice, through the following objectives: (1) identifying the role soil plays in recent urban plans; (2) analysing the ecosystem services and indicators used in soil science in an urban context; and (3) inferring the main challenges and opportunities to integrate soil into urban planning. Seven urban plans and reports of world cities that include sustainability goals were analysed using text-mining and qualitative analysis, with a critical view on the inclusion of soil-related concepts. Secondly, the contribution of soil science to urban planning was assessed with an overview of case studies in the past decade that focus on soil-related ecosystem services in urban context. The results show an overall weak attention to soil and soil-related ecosystem services in the implementation and monitoring phases of urban plans. The majority of soil science case studies uses a haphazard approach to measure ecosystem service indicators which may not capture the ecosystem services appropriately and hence lack relevance for urban planning. Even though the most urban plans assessed recognize soil as a key resource, most of them fail to integrate indicators to measure or monitor soil-related functions. There is a need to develop soil-related ecosystem services that can be easily integrated and understood by other fields.

ACS Style

Ricardo Teixeira Da Silva; Luuk Fleskens; Hedwig Van Delden; Martine Van Der Ploeg. Incorporating soil ecosystem services into urban planning: status, challenges and opportunities. Landscape Ecology 2018, 33, 1087 -1102.

AMA Style

Ricardo Teixeira Da Silva, Luuk Fleskens, Hedwig Van Delden, Martine Van Der Ploeg. Incorporating soil ecosystem services into urban planning: status, challenges and opportunities. Landscape Ecology. 2018; 33 (7):1087-1102.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ricardo Teixeira Da Silva; Luuk Fleskens; Hedwig Van Delden; Martine Van Der Ploeg. 2018. "Incorporating soil ecosystem services into urban planning: status, challenges and opportunities." Landscape Ecology 33, no. 7: 1087-1102.

Journal article
Published: 13 April 2018 in Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
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Recent advances in radar remote sensing popularized the mapping of surface soil moisture at different spatial scales. Surface soil moisture measurements are used in combination with hydrological models to determine subsurface soil moisture values. However, variability of soil moisture across the soil column is important for estimating depth-integrated values, as decoupling between surface and subsurface can occur. In this study, we employ new methods to investigate the occurrence of (de)coupling between surface and subsurface soil moisture. Using time series datasets, lagged dependence was incorporated in assessing (de)coupling with the idea that surface soil moisture conditions will be reflected at the subsurface after a certain delay. The main approach involves the application of a distributed-lag nonlinear model (DLNM) to simultaneously represent both the functional relation and the lag structure in the time series. The results of an exploratory analysis using residuals from a fitted loess function serve as a posteriori information to determine (de)coupled values. Both methods allow for a range of (de)coupled soil moisture values to be quantified. Results provide new insights into the decoupled range as its occurrence among the sites investigated is not limited to dry conditions.

ACS Style

Coleen D. U. Carranza; Martine J. Van Der Ploeg; Paul J. J. F. Torfs. Using lagged dependence to identify (de)coupled surface and subsurface soil moisture values. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 2018, 22, 2255 -2267.

AMA Style

Coleen D. U. Carranza, Martine J. Van Der Ploeg, Paul J. J. F. Torfs. Using lagged dependence to identify (de)coupled surface and subsurface soil moisture values. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 2018; 22 (4):2255-2267.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Coleen D. U. Carranza; Martine J. Van Der Ploeg; Paul J. J. F. Torfs. 2018. "Using lagged dependence to identify (de)coupled surface and subsurface soil moisture values." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 4: 2255-2267.

Journal article
Published: 11 January 2018 in Earth System Science Data
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We have established a soil moisture profile monitoring network in the Raam region in the Netherlands. This region faces water shortages during summers and excess of water during winters and after extreme precipitation events. Water management can benefit from reliable information on the soil water availability and water storing capacity in the unsaturated zone. In situ measurements provide a direct source of information on which water managers can base their decisions. Moreover, these measurements are commonly used as a reference for the calibration and validation of soil moisture content products derived from earth observations or obtained by model simulations. Distributed over the Raam region, we have equipped 14 agricultural fields and 1 natural grass field with soil moisture and soil temperature monitoring instrumentation, consisting of Decagon 5TM sensors installed at depths of 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 cm. In total, 12 stations are located within the Raam catchment (catchment area of 223 km2), and 5 of these stations are located within the closed sub-catchment Hooge Raam (catchment area of 41 km2). Soil-specific calibration functions that have been developed for the 5TM sensors under laboratory conditions lead to an accuracy of 0.02 m3 m−3. The first set of measurements has been retrieved for the period 5 April 2016–4 April 2017. In this paper, we describe the Raam monitoring network and instrumentation, the soil-specific calibration of the sensors, the first year of measurements, and additional measurements (soil temperature, phreatic groundwater levels and meteorological data) and information (elevation, soil physical characteristics, land cover and a geohydrological model) available for performing scientific research. The data are available at https://doi.org/10.4121/uuid:dc364e97-d44a-403f-82a7-121902deeb56.

ACS Style

Harm-Jan F. Benninga; Coleen D. U. Carranza; Michiel Pezij; Pim Van Santen; Martine J. Van Der Ploeg; Denie C. M. Augustijn; Rogier Van Der Velde. The Raam regional soil moisture monitoring network in the Netherlands. Earth System Science Data 2018, 10, 61 -79.

AMA Style

Harm-Jan F. Benninga, Coleen D. U. Carranza, Michiel Pezij, Pim Van Santen, Martine J. Van Der Ploeg, Denie C. M. Augustijn, Rogier Van Der Velde. The Raam regional soil moisture monitoring network in the Netherlands. Earth System Science Data. 2018; 10 (1):61-79.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Harm-Jan F. Benninga; Coleen D. U. Carranza; Michiel Pezij; Pim Van Santen; Martine J. Van Der Ploeg; Denie C. M. Augustijn; Rogier Van Der Velde. 2018. "The Raam regional soil moisture monitoring network in the Netherlands." Earth System Science Data 10, no. 1: 61-79.

Preprint content
Published: 08 January 2018
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ACS Style

Martine Van Der Ploeg. Author's response removed. 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Martine Van Der Ploeg. Author's response removed. . 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Martine Van Der Ploeg. 2018. "Author's response removed." , no. : 1.