Education has played a central role and has had cross-cutting impact on all aspects of human life. China–Pakistan friendly relations have a long history. They cooperate in many parts of life, especially education, i.e., beneficial for better future education exchanges between countries. This study was conducted on the education systems of China and Pakistan to understand the higher education system through a student questionnaire. This research work aimed to investigate the perceptions of Pakistani and Chinese university students on sustainable development in higher education institutes (HEIs). HEIs and universities perform a unique and vital role in society by acting as intellectuals, entrepreneurs, and problem solvers. This section presents state of the art in sustainable development, the role of sustainable development in higher education, and the students’ perspectives. There were 327 questionnaires out of 400, with 27 incomplete replies being discarded, leaving us with 300 complete surveys. The literature and research theme were used to construct the hypotheses of this study. PLS-SEM, a statistical approach that utilized the partial least squares to model structural equations, was used to evaluate the hypotheses. The analysis must take into consideration all parameters. Smart PLS 3.3.9 was used for PLS-SEM analysis in this study. The results showed that quality assurance and students’ satisfaction were significant factors related to sustainable university development programs. Moreover, there was a good correlation between technological improvements in education institutes, teachers’ capacity-building programs, and student–teacher (learning–teaching) relationships. Pakistani institutions comprised 50% of the study’s participants, while students from Chinese universities comprised the remaining 50%. Among all participants, 9.66 percent of respondents were enrolled in Ph.D. programs, 37.67 percent were enrolled in an MS/M.Phil. programs, and 52.67 percent were undergraduate students. Moreover, this study also indicated that technical improvements and advancements positively correlated with sustainable development programs for Pakistani students.

In developed countries where agriculture is the main source of income, women play an important role in agriculture. However, due to a variety of factors in these countries, especially the patriarchal-based system of rural communities in the majority of the region, particularly in Pakistan, their contribution has remained secret. To learn more about these contributions, the current research was carried out in the Punjab district of Rajanpur in Pakistan to determine the extent of women's involvement in agriculture and the health issues that these women faced. A total of 230 female respondents were chosen from the village of Rakh Fazil Pur in the district of Rajan Pur using a purposive sampling technique. A depth interview technique was used to collect data. Females were involved in nearly all activities (p<0.05), from domestic to fieldwork, and they often had health issues. Women agricultural agents should be appointed to address rural women and to bridge the information gap between rural women and research. The role of rural women should be promoted through print and electronic media. Rural women are also involved in a number of activities in livestock raising fodder cutting, chopping, feeding livestock bathing, washing livestock milking cow and goats.