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Hua Liao
School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China

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Journal article
Published: 25 June 2021 in Energy
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This study detects the pattern of household energy transition of large countries (population > 10 million) with more than 90% of the world energy consumption. Simultaneous equations are used to capture the multidimensional information of energy mix with panel data from 1990 to 2016. The results indicate the non-linear pattern of the income and energy mix in the household sector. The peaks of coal and oil shares are separately captured. As income develops, the share of coal increases first and then declines, peaking at $4800 (Purchasing Power Parity, constant 2011 international dollars), and the trend of oil share is similar to coal but peaks later at $7100. Economic ascent generally involves a significant substitution away from traditional bioenergy and toward modern fuels such as natural gas and electricity. Except for economic factors, the pattern of the household energy transition is related to urbanization, demographics and resource endowment. In particular, for emerging market countries, households are subjected to aging trends and fossil endowments to increase their dependence on coal and are less likely to climb higher up the energy ladder, at least in the short term.

ACS Style

Xian-Neng Ai; Yun-Fei Du; Wei-Ming Li; Hui Li; Hua Liao. The Pattern of Household Energy Transition. Energy 2021, 234, 121277 .

AMA Style

Xian-Neng Ai, Yun-Fei Du, Wei-Ming Li, Hui Li, Hua Liao. The Pattern of Household Energy Transition. Energy. 2021; 234 ():121277.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xian-Neng Ai; Yun-Fei Du; Wei-Ming Li; Hui Li; Hua Liao. 2021. "The Pattern of Household Energy Transition." Energy 234, no. : 121277.

Review article
Published: 19 May 2021 in Sustainable Production and Consumption
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Considering the important role of energy in modern society, it is imperative to study the current situation and future development of energy under the influence of COVID-19. This paper identifies the current research hotspots, proposes future research directions accordingly, and summarizes the methodologies via a bibliometric analysis. Five research hotspots include COVID-19 and the changes of energy consumption, COVID-19 and the fluctuation of the energy market, COVID-19 and the development of renewable energy, COVID-19 and climate impacts caused by energy consumption, and COVID-19 and the energy policy. According to the influence mechanism of COVID-19 on each hotspot, the pandemic has exerted short-term influencs on energy consumption, energy price, and air pollution. Meanwhile, the pandemic could have a far-reaching impact on the renewable energy sector, climate, and energy policy. In addition, the main methodologies are reviewed, revealing that regression analysis and scenario analysis are commonly used as the quantitative and qualitative methods, respectively. Moreover, given the nonlinear relations between the pandemic and energy, an artificial neural networks model is used to enhance the prediction efficiency of energy demand and price. Finally, policy implications for obtaining clean, low-carbon, safe, and efficient energy in the context of COVID-19 are proposed.

ACS Style

Lingyue Zhang; Hui Li; Wei-Jen Lee; Hua Liao. COVID-19 and energy: Influence mechanisms and research methodologies. Sustainable Production and Consumption 2021, 27, 2134 -2152.

AMA Style

Lingyue Zhang, Hui Li, Wei-Jen Lee, Hua Liao. COVID-19 and energy: Influence mechanisms and research methodologies. Sustainable Production and Consumption. 2021; 27 ():2134-2152.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lingyue Zhang; Hui Li; Wei-Jen Lee; Hua Liao. 2021. "COVID-19 and energy: Influence mechanisms and research methodologies." Sustainable Production and Consumption 27, no. : 2134-2152.

Journal article
Published: 24 March 2021 in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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Energy conservation and transition to a low carbon system require energy research and development (R&D) policies due to the underinvestment in private R&D. Employing a panel dataset for 18 members of the International Energy Agency from 1980 to 2015, we empirically assess the contributions of energy R&D policies to energy conservation and energy mix. This paper uses the accumulative energy R&D per capita as a proxy variable to reflect the energy R&D policies and constructs a simultaneous equations model to describe the relationships between energy efficiency, energy mix, and public energy R&D. The results show that public energy R&D decreased the overall energy intensity by 12% and contributed 39% to the decarbonisation of the energy mix during the sample period. The mechanism of the impact of public energy R&D can be explained through the channel of patents on climate change mitigation. Moreover, the effectiveness of energy R&D policies present the heterogeneity across countries. Although the results of this study are based on empirical analysis, it is necessary to establish a theoretical framework to analyse the effects of energy R&D policies in the future.

ACS Style

Zhishuang Zhu; Hua Liao; Li Liu. The role of public energy R&D in energy conservation and transition: Experiences from IEA countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2021, 143, 110978 .

AMA Style

Zhishuang Zhu, Hua Liao, Li Liu. The role of public energy R&D in energy conservation and transition: Experiences from IEA countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2021; 143 ():110978.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhishuang Zhu; Hua Liao; Li Liu. 2021. "The role of public energy R&D in energy conservation and transition: Experiences from IEA countries." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 143, no. : 110978.

Journal article
Published: 19 July 2020 in Science of The Total Environment
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The incentive of environmental protection for local authorities is important for large and unitary states. Local authorities may be competed for both of environmental and economic performance. However, there is possibly trade-offs between the two performances in the short term. This paper focus on the incentives among China's local governments. Our empirical research finds that local governments compete for setting ambitious goals of pollution emission reduction according to their goals release date, and the increase in emission reduction goal leads to a decline in real economic growth. One of the transmit channels is that high goals result in more efforts on emission reduction and then crowding out the economic growth. Local governments are inclined to set more ambitious emission reduction goals, even when doing so comes at some cost of reduced economic growth. The results are robust to regression methods, emission types, and the variable choices of economic growth in different years. It implicates that if the superior governments strengthen the local authorities' competition for environment protection and reduce that for economic growth, it would improve the environment performance effectively. Such competition mechanism may include but not be limited to official promotion based on environment performance.

ACS Style

Tingru Yang; Hua Liao; Yi-Ming Wei. Local government competition on setting emission reduction goals. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 745, 141002 .

AMA Style

Tingru Yang, Hua Liao, Yi-Ming Wei. Local government competition on setting emission reduction goals. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 745 ():141002.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tingru Yang; Hua Liao; Yi-Ming Wei. 2020. "Local government competition on setting emission reduction goals." Science of The Total Environment 745, no. : 141002.

Original paper
Published: 18 April 2020 in Energy Efficiency
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Energy saving and emission reduction sometimes mean high cost, so companies do not have enough motivation to always support the related policy. By neglecting the economic cost and the imperfect substitution among input factors, widely used energy efficiency indicators such as “energy intensity” will sometimes lead to uneconomic results. Based on the theory of economic efficiency, “energy economic efficiency” is proposed as a new energy efficiency measurement to integrate cost information. In this paper, we further discuss energy economic efficiency, propose supplementary properties, and measure the efficiency of twelve public thermal power companies during the period of China’s 12th five-year plan. Our results show that (2) the economic efficiency of the twelve public companies decreased slowly. The average economic efficiency was 0.82, and there was approximately 40 billion RMB in potential cost savings in 2015, accounting for 18% of the total cost. (2) The energy economic efficiency of these twelve companies increased by approximately 10% during 2011–2015. (3) The primary mission of most thermal power company is to improve the coal combustion technology. (Christensen 4) When expanding production, the input factors will sometimes be uncoordinated, which will lead to increased costs and decreased energy economic efficiency.

ACS Style

Yun-Fei Du; Hua Liao; Yi-Ming Wei. Integrating cost information in energy efficiency measurement: An empirical study on thermal power companies. Energy Efficiency 2020, 13, 697 -709.

AMA Style

Yun-Fei Du, Hua Liao, Yi-Ming Wei. Integrating cost information in energy efficiency measurement: An empirical study on thermal power companies. Energy Efficiency. 2020; 13 (4):697-709.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yun-Fei Du; Hua Liao; Yi-Ming Wei. 2020. "Integrating cost information in energy efficiency measurement: An empirical study on thermal power companies." Energy Efficiency 13, no. 4: 697-709.

Journal article
Published: 26 March 2020 in Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice
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Understanding the impact of weather on travel behavior provides insight into building a reliable and resilient transport system. This study uses a survey on residents and subway ridership data from 2014 to 2018 in Beijing to explore the relationship between weather and travel behavior. The results indicate that extreme weather events can affect recreational travel greatly, reduce travel demand, and change travel modes as well. The respondents are inclined to choose subway or cars rather than buses and bicycles under inclement weather days. The analysis of subway ridership confirms that weekends’ trips are more sensitive to weather conditions. Monthly temperature change shows a bigger effect on ridership than daily temperature change. A one-degree increase in effective temperature increases ridership by about 0.5% on weekends, while heavy rain reduces ridership by about 8%. Wind speed and air pollution show significantly negative but small effects on ridership on weekends. Besides, there is a non-linear relationship between temperature and ridership on weekends. These findings suggest that subway is less vulnerable to inclement weather and can be complementary to other travel modes. However, prevention measures are necessary for the subway system to face threats from heavy rain.

ACS Style

Jingwen Wu; Hua Liao. Weather, travel mode choice, and impacts on subway ridership in Beijing. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 2020, 135, 264 -279.

AMA Style

Jingwen Wu, Hua Liao. Weather, travel mode choice, and impacts on subway ridership in Beijing. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. 2020; 135 ():264-279.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jingwen Wu; Hua Liao. 2020. "Weather, travel mode choice, and impacts on subway ridership in Beijing." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 135, no. : 264-279.

Journal article
Published: 28 February 2020 in Research in Transportation Economics
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Technical innovations in vehicles continually influence the transportation transition. Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are one of the innovations. Connected and electric vehicle technologies are considered to be the development directions of AVs. This paper aims to understand consumer attitudes towards autonomous, connected, and electric vehicles (ACEVs), using data collected through a survey in China. The results indicate that respondents found the potential for environmental-friendly transport, increased accessibility of travel for non-drivers, and reduced driving fatigue as the most attractive aspects of ACEVs. Conversely, respondents were most concerned about vehicle safety, legal liability, and charging issues. It is implicated that battery service life, driving mileage, and charging are prominent barriers to the adoption of ACEVs. The perceived benefits and related infrastructure improvements show positive effects on respondents’ willingness to adopt ACEVs, while concerns and cost reduce their appeal.

ACS Style

Jingwen Wu; Hua Liao; Jin-Wei Wang. Analysis of consumer attitudes towards autonomous, connected, and electric vehicles: A survey in China. Research in Transportation Economics 2020, 80, 100828 .

AMA Style

Jingwen Wu, Hua Liao, Jin-Wei Wang. Analysis of consumer attitudes towards autonomous, connected, and electric vehicles: A survey in China. Research in Transportation Economics. 2020; 80 ():100828.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jingwen Wu; Hua Liao; Jin-Wei Wang. 2020. "Analysis of consumer attitudes towards autonomous, connected, and electric vehicles: A survey in China." Research in Transportation Economics 80, no. : 100828.

Research article
Published: 27 February 2020 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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Household heating in China has been ignored in the formulation of national energy plans until concerns with severe air pollution emerged. The government has started to implement the clean heating with ambitious targets. However, the specific heating status is not clear, especially in rural areas, thus leading to significant obstacles to policy formulation and air pollution control. In order to understand the current heating conditions and heating behaviors of households in more detail, we conduct a field survey of household heating in towns and villages across northern China from December 2017 to March 2018. The survey results show that more than 75% of rural households still rely on traditional heating methods, such as coal, firewood, kang, and a simple stove. Household income, awareness of using heating fuels, and government subsidies may have a certain impact on heating fuel choice. In addition, approximately 34.6% of rural households do not use any housing insulation measures, which is also of concern when focusing on the heating quality. Lastly, considering the huge cost of rural household clean energy transition, we suggest that only a few regions are encouraged to turn to electricity or natural gas for heating, while most other regions transition to using clean coal and attach more importance to improving the quality of heating stoves.

ACS Style

Lin Zhu; Hua Liao; Bingdong Hou; Lin Cheng; Hui Li. The status of household heating in northern China: a field survey in towns and villages. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2020, 27, 16145 -16158.

AMA Style

Lin Zhu, Hua Liao, Bingdong Hou, Lin Cheng, Hui Li. The status of household heating in northern China: a field survey in towns and villages. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020; 27 (14):16145-16158.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lin Zhu; Hua Liao; Bingdong Hou; Lin Cheng; Hui Li. 2020. "The status of household heating in northern China: a field survey in towns and villages." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 14: 16145-16158.

Journal article
Published: 07 November 2019 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Wind power is widely regarded as a clean, low-carbon, and alternative energy source for coal-fired power. However, quantitative studies of wind power are limited in indicating the differences in environmental impacts as compared with coal-fired power. Therefore, a life cycle assessment (LCA) is utilized to compare the environmental emissions from wind and coal power. Based on LCA results, material and energy flow of wind power are depicted, and its substitution effects are estimated. For 1 kilowatt-hour (kWh), wind power only consumes 4% of the total amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and environmental costs related to coal power. Furthermore, energy and emissions intensities of wind power are concentrated in the manufacturing stage, while those of coal power focus on the operation and maintenance stage. In addition, the environmental costs of the construction stage of wind power are slightly higher than that of the production and manufacturing stage due to the using of purchased electricity, accounting for 47% of the total environmental costs. Based on a consequential LCA, the mitigation potential of CO2 emissions of wind power is estimated to be less than 500 million tons during the period of China’s 12th Five-Year Plan (5 years). More than 300 million tons reduction is expected to be realized in 2020. Finally, some policy implications for Chinese policymakers are proposed to promote the development of the wind power industry.

ACS Style

Hui Li; Hong-Dian Jiang; Kang-Yin Dong; Yi-Ming Wei; Hua Liao. A comparative analysis of the life cycle environmental emissions from wind and coal power: Evidence from China. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 248, 119192 .

AMA Style

Hui Li, Hong-Dian Jiang, Kang-Yin Dong, Yi-Ming Wei, Hua Liao. A comparative analysis of the life cycle environmental emissions from wind and coal power: Evidence from China. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 248 ():119192.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hui Li; Hong-Dian Jiang; Kang-Yin Dong; Yi-Ming Wei; Hua Liao. 2019. "A comparative analysis of the life cycle environmental emissions from wind and coal power: Evidence from China." Journal of Cleaner Production 248, no. : 119192.

Original paper
Published: 08 July 2019 in Natural Hazards
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One of the aspects of climate change is temperature rise. Temperature rise or fluctuations affect human economic activities and electricity consumption. This paper estimates the changes in electricity consumption due to temperature fluctuation at the county scale in rural China. By using the statistics of counties from 2006 to 2015 in a fixed-effect panel model, the results indicate that a one-degree temperature increase in summer days may lead to 0.015% more electricity consumption per capita, and this correlation may be weaker as income increases. Moreover, a one-degree temperature decrease in winter days may lead to 0.002% more electricity consumption. The northern region may consume 0.021% more electricity than the southern region when facing the same temperature drop. Overall, the effect of temperature on electricity consumption is modest, particularly for a drop in temperature, but the usage of other types of energy may increase to adapt to the cold.

ACS Style

Chen Zhang; Hua Liao; Zhifu Mi. Climate impacts: temperature and electricity consumption. Natural Hazards 2019, 99, 1259 -1275.

AMA Style

Chen Zhang, Hua Liao, Zhifu Mi. Climate impacts: temperature and electricity consumption. Natural Hazards. 2019; 99 (3):1259-1275.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chen Zhang; Hua Liao; Zhifu Mi. 2019. "Climate impacts: temperature and electricity consumption." Natural Hazards 99, no. 3: 1259-1275.

Research article
Published: 21 June 2019 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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Household air pollution caused by solid fuel use for cooking is prevalent in rural China and generates various environmental and health problems. Various potential impact factors on cooking fuel decision such as income, education, modern energy, and infrastructure are examined. However, the role of family structures has been ignored. A survey on household energy consumption pattern interrelating socio-economic and demographic factors was conducted in ten villages in Northern China using stratified random sampling technique. The number of family member eating together influences households’ cooking fuel decision-making significantly. The numbers of school-age children and family members under 6 and above 60 years old have no significant influence on the household’s cooking fuel decision-making respectively. Compared with families with neither child nor the elderly, those with no child but at least an elderly member have 0.103 lower probability of choosing clean fuels as their primary cooking fuel. Hence, the elderly owns a heavyweight in the household fuel decision-making process in rural China, and the government should formulate policies more in line with the background of the times to deal with rural energy issues.

ACS Style

Bingdong Hou; Hua Liao; Jin-Wei Wang; Fangzhi Wang; Hongliang Zhang. Cooking fuel decision-making and family structure: a field study in China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2019, 26, 24050 -24061.

AMA Style

Bingdong Hou, Hua Liao, Jin-Wei Wang, Fangzhi Wang, Hongliang Zhang. Cooking fuel decision-making and family structure: a field study in China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2019; 26 (23):24050-24061.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bingdong Hou; Hua Liao; Jin-Wei Wang; Fangzhi Wang; Hongliang Zhang. 2019. "Cooking fuel decision-making and family structure: a field study in China." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, no. 23: 24050-24061.

Review article
Published: 07 June 2019 in Science of The Total Environment
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With the significant role that carbon capture and storage (CCS) could play in limiting the future temperature increase to below 2 °C higher than pre-industrialization levels, a growing research interest of CCS is attracted to the environmental, economic, and social field. However, a bibliometric analysis-based comprehensive review of CCS which covers mainly all industry sectors and all regions of the globe has not been made yet. To provide deeper insight into the research trends, this study employs a bibliometric analysis to examine the basic features of the literature from 1997 to 2017 and identifies the key research hotspots and modeling techniques by reviewing the current status and new efforts. Based on the analysis of the temporal and spatial trends, disciplines and journals distribution, institutions, authors, and citations, the publications relating to the environmental, economic and social aspects of CCS are assessed. The results indicate that the total number of publications has rapidly increased since 2006 and entered a stable stage. The most productive country, journal, institute, and author are the USA, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, United State Department of Energy, and Rubin E S, respectively. Based on the co-occurrence analysis of keywords, five hot research topics in CCS are recognized, including tackling climate change, CCS technology prospects, cost estimates, sectoral applications, and social attitudes. In addition, three main methodologies including life cycle analysis, optimization methods, and real options methods used in quantifying the social, economic, and environmental impacts of CCS are thoroughly refined based on selection, limitation, and improvement. Finally, the recommendations for CCS future work concerning environmental, economic, and social aspects are proposed.

ACS Style

Hui Li; Hong-Dian Jiang; Bo Yang; Hua Liao. An analysis of research hotspots and modeling techniques on carbon capture and storage. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 687, 687 -701.

AMA Style

Hui Li, Hong-Dian Jiang, Bo Yang, Hua Liao. An analysis of research hotspots and modeling techniques on carbon capture and storage. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 687 ():687-701.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hui Li; Hong-Dian Jiang; Bo Yang; Hua Liao. 2019. "An analysis of research hotspots and modeling techniques on carbon capture and storage." Science of The Total Environment 687, no. : 687-701.

Journal article
Published: 29 March 2019 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Ensuring household access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all the people is one of the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). China has achieved 100% electricity access, while the traditional solid fuels such as firewood are still widely used in its rural area. This paper, using a long-term and large micro dataset and multinomial logit model, investigates quantitatively the determinants of cooking fuel choice in rural China. The results show that in addition to the previous knowledge on household income, occupation is crucial to the cooking fuel transition. In average, if the head of household changes its occupation from farm to non-farm, the possibility of using firewood would reduce by around 14-21%. The impact of income is slightly small. A 10% increase in income may result in 0.5% of possibility of firewood use. These conclusions are robust after considering the possible energy ladders using ordered logit regressions (OLR) and generalized OLR. After controlling other factors such as income and occupation, we have not found concrete evidences on the influences of education and gender of the household head and household member numbers. To accelerate the fuel transition, in addition to increase the household income, the government should pay attention to create more non-farm work opportunities for the rural.

ACS Style

Hua Liao; Tianqi Chen; Xin Tang; Jingwen Wu. Fuel choices for cooking in China: Analysis based on multinomial logit model. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 225, 104 -111.

AMA Style

Hua Liao, Tianqi Chen, Xin Tang, Jingwen Wu. Fuel choices for cooking in China: Analysis based on multinomial logit model. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 225 ():104-111.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hua Liao; Tianqi Chen; Xin Tang; Jingwen Wu. 2019. "Fuel choices for cooking in China: Analysis based on multinomial logit model." Journal of Cleaner Production 225, no. : 104-111.

Journal article
Published: 12 March 2019 in Energy Economics
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China's residential sector has experienced rapid electrification and gasification. Among rural households, however, coal still accounts for a large share of energy use, especially in the north. Use of coal for cooking and heating brings large health and pollution risks. From a theoretical viewpoint, economic tools such as taxes and subsidies have the potential to play a crucial role in addressing this issue. In this paper, a provincial-level dataset is used to estimate the price and income elasticities of aggregate coal demand by rural households. We find that coal is a non-Giffen inferior good for the rural household sector. This means that future income growth may help to induce switching from coal. Demand is becoming more price elastic as rural incomes grow. We also find that rural residential coal demand is more price- and income-responsive in the south than the north, perhaps because of fewer substitution options in the north. Our results provide benchmarks and parameters for policy simulation research.

ACS Style

Meixuan Teng; Paul J. Burke; Hua Liao. The demand for coal among China's rural households: Estimates of price and income elasticities. Energy Economics 2019, 80, 928 -936.

AMA Style

Meixuan Teng, Paul J. Burke, Hua Liao. The demand for coal among China's rural households: Estimates of price and income elasticities. Energy Economics. 2019; 80 ():928-936.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Meixuan Teng; Paul J. Burke; Hua Liao. 2019. "The demand for coal among China's rural households: Estimates of price and income elasticities." Energy Economics 80, no. : 928-936.

Journal article
Published: 23 October 2018 in Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour
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The development of electric vehicles (EVs) and autonomous vehicles (AVs) has made great progress and been expected to play an important role in a future transport system. Some researchers have explored the potential impacts of autonomous electric vehicles (AEVs), while few have focused on the public attitude towards AEVs. This paper aims to understand the public acceptance of AEVs through the application of Technology Acceptance Model. Considering the potential environmental benefits of AEVs, this study concentrates on how environmental concern affects AEVs acceptance. Data is collected from an online survey in China and analyzed by a structural model. The results indicate that green perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and environmental concern have a positive relationship with people’s intentions to use AEVs. Environmental concern poses a powerful indirect effect on using intention through mediating effects. Implications for improving the public acceptance of AEVs and suggestions for further research are given correspondingly in this study.

ACS Style

Jingwen Wu; Hua Liao; Jin-Wei Wang; Tianqi Chen. The role of environmental concern in the public acceptance of autonomous electric vehicles: A survey from China. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 2018, 60, 37 -46.

AMA Style

Jingwen Wu, Hua Liao, Jin-Wei Wang, Tianqi Chen. The role of environmental concern in the public acceptance of autonomous electric vehicles: A survey from China. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. 2018; 60 ():37-46.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jingwen Wu; Hua Liao; Jin-Wei Wang; Tianqi Chen. 2018. "The role of environmental concern in the public acceptance of autonomous electric vehicles: A survey from China." Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 60, no. : 37-46.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2018 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Solid fuels are still widely used as primary cooking fuel in rural China, which brings severe health, environmental and socio-economic consequences. A sound understanding of the energy transition pattern of rural households will provide valuable insights for policy makers aiming to facilitate transition towards cleaner fuels. The most relevant questions include whether measure of improving income could help facilitate transition and how quickly the transition would happen as household income grows. Using National Population Census data (2000–2010) for over two thousand Chinese counties, we estimated the income elasticities of primary cooking fuel substitution between traditional biomass, coal, gaseous fuels, electric power and others. It is found that the income effect is positive for the cleaner fuels gases and electric power but negative for dirty solid fuels like coal and biomass. However, our estimated elasticities show that the adoption of cleaner fuels (gases and electric power) as primary cooking fuel is income elastic (elasticity>1) for rural village households but income inelastic (elasticity<1) for township households whereas the substitution of dirty fuels are all income inelastic (elasticity<1). Our results show significant cooking fuel transition in China as well as substantial heterogeneity in the transition process. Our findings provide useful information for informed energy demand modelling and forecasting for rural residential sector in China.

ACS Style

Chunbo Ma; Hua Liao. Income elasticity of cooking fuel substitution in rural China: Evidence from population census data. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 199, 1083 -1091.

AMA Style

Chunbo Ma, Hua Liao. Income elasticity of cooking fuel substitution in rural China: Evidence from population census data. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 199 ():1083-1091.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chunbo Ma; Hua Liao. 2018. "Income elasticity of cooking fuel substitution in rural China: Evidence from population census data." Journal of Cleaner Production 199, no. : 1083-1091.

Original paper
Published: 10 August 2018 in Natural Hazards
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The promotion of renewable energy cannot be separated from the support provided by government subsidies. However, the effect of government subsidies is controversial. Taking China’s listed renewable energy companies as examples, this paper analyzes the impact of government subsidies on the financial performance of these companies. The results show that government subsidies do not promote improvements in corporate financial performance, and renewable energy companies are less profitable than other companies. The negative effect of government subsidies on corporate financial performance can be explained mostly by the rent-seeking behavior of firms. The occurrence of subsidy-induced overcapacity and adverse selection and moral hazard created by asymmetric information also weaken the incentive effect of government subsidies to some extent.

ACS Style

Zhishuang Zhu; Hua Liao. Do subsidies improve the financial performance of renewable energy companies? Evidence from China. Natural Hazards 2018, 95, 241 -256.

AMA Style

Zhishuang Zhu, Hua Liao. Do subsidies improve the financial performance of renewable energy companies? Evidence from China. Natural Hazards. 2018; 95 (1-2):241-256.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhishuang Zhu; Hua Liao. 2018. "Do subsidies improve the financial performance of renewable energy companies? Evidence from China." Natural Hazards 95, no. 1-2: 241-256.

Original paper
Published: 20 July 2018 in Natural Hazards
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Defining an internationally equitable distribution of the burdens of reducing greenhouse gases has been one of core concerns for as long as climate policies have been debated. This paper suggests the specific formulae and indicators for four equity principles for international climate policy including the ability to pay, egalitarianism, grandfathering, and historical responsibility. We introduce the carbon trading scheme into the integrated assessment model to assess and compare the global climate policies which are based on the four principles. To be specific, the regional emission caps are determined by the four equity principles, and all regions are allowed to buy and sell permits. Results show that none of the four equity principles creates a burden sharing arrangement that completely equalizes the benefits of each nation. To be specific, grandfathering is more beneficial to developed countries, while historical responsibility benefits developing countries more. From the global perspective, the global cumulative output of the grandfathering is 8% higher than that of the historical responsibility. In addition, international cooperation on climate change mitigation is necessary, because if individual nations undertake policies which are in their national self-interests, global cumulative CO2 emission will be over two times as much as that in cooperative scenarios.

ACS Style

Zhifu Mi; Hua Liao; D'maris Coffman; Yi-Ming Wei. Assessment of equity principles for international climate policy based on an integrated assessment model. Natural Hazards 2018, 95, 309 -323.

AMA Style

Zhifu Mi, Hua Liao, D'maris Coffman, Yi-Ming Wei. Assessment of equity principles for international climate policy based on an integrated assessment model. Natural Hazards. 2018; 95 (1-2):309-323.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhifu Mi; Hua Liao; D'maris Coffman; Yi-Ming Wei. 2018. "Assessment of equity principles for international climate policy based on an integrated assessment model." Natural Hazards 95, no. 1-2: 309-323.

Journal article
Published: 05 July 2018 in Ecological Economics
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From a sustainability perspective, city-level CO2 emissions require reconsiderations. Correspondingly, the economy-environment-society nexus should be incorporated into city-scale CO2 accounting. Therefore, in this study, the semi-closed IO model is integrated with a HEM to calculate CO2 emissions arising from the social consumption pattern and income distribution, and to explore economic drivers behind CO2 variations. This method is applied to a case study of Beijing. Result demonstrate that Beijing in 2012 witnessed something different from that in 2005: (1) CO2 emissions centred in the internal linkages of a broader class of consumption terms with high economic output, mainly driven by interprovincial exports; (2) imports increasingly helped decarbonize the mixed, net forward and backward CO2 linkages of consumption items; and (3) income-driven CO2 emissions excluding demand-side parts persisted, which were more obvious on the supply side where households have more economy-wide effects. Besides, urban households played an essential role in household-wide CO2 reductions. This paper ended with corresponding conclusions, policy implications and directions for future work.

ACS Style

Jing Tian; Celio Andrade; Julio Lumbreras; Dabo Guan; Fangzhi Wang; Hua Liao. Integrating Sustainability Into City-level CO2 Accounting: Social Consumption Pattern and Income Distribution. Ecological Economics 2018, 153, 1 -16.

AMA Style

Jing Tian, Celio Andrade, Julio Lumbreras, Dabo Guan, Fangzhi Wang, Hua Liao. Integrating Sustainability Into City-level CO2 Accounting: Social Consumption Pattern and Income Distribution. Ecological Economics. 2018; 153 ():1-16.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jing Tian; Celio Andrade; Julio Lumbreras; Dabo Guan; Fangzhi Wang; Hua Liao. 2018. "Integrating Sustainability Into City-level CO2 Accounting: Social Consumption Pattern and Income Distribution." Ecological Economics 153, no. : 1-16.

Review article
Published: 21 June 2018 in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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This study aims to investigate the nexus of per capita carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, per capita gross domestic product (GDP), and per capita natural gas consumption by examining the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis and analyzing the effectiveness of natural gas consumption for a panel of 14 Asia-Pacific countries for 1970–2016. To do so, a Granger causality framework covering panel unit root, cointegration, estimation, and causality tests allowing for cross-sectional dependence is employed. The main findings are: (i) The augmented mean group (AMG) estimates provide strong evidence in favor of the EKC hypothesis as the EKC holds in 13 of the 14 countries; the EKC exists independent of the individual country's per capita GDP; (ii) the turning points (TPs) lie between $1937.23 (Bangladesh) and $58,235.90 (Australia), while the turning years (TYs) are estimated to stay between 2019 (Australia) and 2048 (Bangladesh); per capita GDP positively and negatively affects the TPs and TYs, respectively; (iii) natural gas consumption has a significantly negative effect on CO2 emissions; the significantly negative effect of natural gas consumption on CO2 emissions is also independent of per capita GDP but, conversely, may be affected by the proportion of natural gas in the primary energy mix; and (iv) bidirectional causality runs between natural gas consumption and CO2 emissions in both the short run and long run. Important policy implications are highlighted for Asia-Pacific countries’ policymakers with respect to halting global warming and promoting growth in the natural gas industry.

ACS Style

Kangyin Dong; Renjin Sun; Hui Li; Hua Liao. Does natural gas consumption mitigate CO2 emissions: Testing the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis for 14 Asia-Pacific countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2018, 94, 419 -429.

AMA Style

Kangyin Dong, Renjin Sun, Hui Li, Hua Liao. Does natural gas consumption mitigate CO2 emissions: Testing the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis for 14 Asia-Pacific countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2018; 94 ():419-429.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kangyin Dong; Renjin Sun; Hui Li; Hua Liao. 2018. "Does natural gas consumption mitigate CO2 emissions: Testing the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis for 14 Asia-Pacific countries." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 94, no. : 419-429.