Introduction: Mental health problems, such as anxiety, depression, and ineffective family coping, in children with lupus nephritis (LN) can increase the severity and affect the management of the disease, thus affecting the quality of life (QoL) of patients. Objective: Analyzing the association between levels of depression, anxiety, coping, disease activity on the QoL of pediatric patients with LN. Patients and Methods: There were 62 pediatric LN participants (16 participants in the induction phase and 46 participants in the maintenance phase). Participants were measured for anxiety, depression, coping, disease activity (systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index/SLEDAI), and QoL. The measurement results were compared between induction and maintenance groups. Analysis of the association between anxiety, depression, coping, and disease activity with the QoL of children with LN used a multiple logistic regression test with p < 0.05. Results:: The measurement results obtained anxiety (induction = 69.06± 3.92 and maintenance = 45.24± 10.33; p < 0.001), depression (induction = 69.88± 3.34 and maintenance = 42.20± 9.12; p < 0.001), coping (induction = 99.88± 12.93 and maintenance = 115.67± 7.34; p < 0.001), SLEDAI (induction = 15.81± 12.58 and maintenance = 0.43± 1.26; p < 0.001), and QoL (induction = 49.92± 12.44 and maintenance = 88.15± 8.06; p < 0.001).. Anxiety level in the induction group (p = 0.043) and maintenance group (p < 0.001; p = 0.032; p = 0.008; p = 0.009). Depression level in the induction group (p = 0.031) and maintenance group (p = 0.024; p = 0.042; p = 0.003). SLEDAI score in the maintenance group (p = 0.003; p = 0.003). Coping in induction group (p = 0.016; p = 0.016) and maintenance group (p = 0.005). Conclusion: Mental health disorders reduce the QoL of LN children, and the level of QoL in induction phase is lower than maintenance phase.

Therefore, this study aimed to create an animal model of depression, mainly focusing on a psychologically dominant stressor without food and water deprivation.

Breastmilk Macronutrient Levels and Infant Growth During the First Three Months: a Cohort Study

Mothers and child health (MCH) are one of the main issues in family medicine. Related to this practice, Indonesian government issued mother and child health (MCH) handbook for monitoring child development due to various child developmental problems in Indonesia. However, there are reports of improper MCH handbook utilization. This study aimed to analyze factors related to the utilization of MCH handbook by mothers in Indonesia. Cross sectional observational study was conducted from March to May 2018. This study involved mothers with children aged 3 to 72 months old in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. Specific population of mothers who had children attending Early Childhood Education and Development (ECED) and Integrated Health Post (IHP) (Indonesia: Pos Pelayanan Terpadu-Posyandu) were included as inclusion criteria. Maternal characteristics, child health status, employment status, and utilization of MCH handbook were recorded through questionnaire. Association between variables then analyzed statistically using Spearman correlation test. As many as 288 participants were enrolled in this study. We found that mothers’ participation of Posyandu was positively correlated with MCH handbook utilization (p0.05), mothers’ education (p>0.05), and maternal age (p>0.05) were found to be unrelated to the utilization of MCH handbook. Mothers’ age, education, and employment were found to be uncorrelated with utilization of MCH handbook. Whereas, mothers’ participation in Posyandu was a determinant factor correlated with utilization of MCH handbook.

Parenting Style in Early Marriage Mothers in Indonesia