This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) grafting has emerged as a promising biological management approach aimed at increasing tolerance to abiotic stressors, such as unfavorable environmental conditions. These conditions include environments that are too cold, wet, or dry, have soil nutrient deficiency or toxicity and soil or irrigation water salinity. Studies to date indicate that fruit yield and quality may be positively or negatively affected depending on rootstock-scion combination and growing environment. Growers need information regarding the general effect of rootstocks, as well as specific scion-rootstock interactions on fruit maturity and quality so they can select combinations best suited for their environment. This review summarizes the literature on watermelon grafting with a focus on abiotic stress tolerance and fruit maturity and quality with specific reference to hollow heart and hard seed formation, flesh firmness, total soluble solids, and lycopene content.
Pinki Devi; Penelope Perkins-Veazie; Carol Miles. Impact of Grafting on Watermelon Fruit Maturity and Quality. Horticulturae 2020, 6, 97 .
AMA StylePinki Devi, Penelope Perkins-Veazie, Carol Miles. Impact of Grafting on Watermelon Fruit Maturity and Quality. Horticulturae. 2020; 6 (4):97.
Chicago/Turabian StylePinki Devi; Penelope Perkins-Veazie; Carol Miles. 2020. "Impact of Grafting on Watermelon Fruit Maturity and Quality." Horticulturae 6, no. 4: 97.
Cut peonies (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) have a relatively short vase life and limited availability due to seasonal production. Cultivars Festiva Maxima (FM), Monsieur Jules Elie (MJE), and Sarah Bernhardt (SB) stored at 0.7 °C had a longer flower open time at 12 weeks of storage compared to those held at −3.1 or 3.5 °C, while the flower bud time was unaffected. The flower open time of FM and MJE was no different for stems stored at a sub-zero temperature of −0.6 °C for 16 weeks compared to non-stored stems. Flower quality, opening, and lack of deformity was reduced at 16 weeks of storage in comparison to non-stored flowers, but higher for stems stored at −0.6 °C compared to 0.7 °C. Pre-treating stems before storage with pulses of a commercial hydrator solution or a 200 g·L−1 sucrose solution for 2 h at 4 °C had little commercial significance compared to non-pulsed control stems. The total phenolic content, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase were not effective indicators of open time or quality loss. This study is the first to demonstrate the successful use of a non-freezing, sub-zero storage temperature for peony, and the first to store cut peonies for 16 weeks, despite an increased risk of reduced flower quality.
Nathan J. Jahnke; John M. Dole; Ben A. Bergmann; Guoying Ma; Penelope Perkins-Veazie. Extending Cut Paeonia Lactiflora Pall. Storage Duration Using Sub-Zero Storage Temperatures. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1694 .
AMA StyleNathan J. Jahnke, John M. Dole, Ben A. Bergmann, Guoying Ma, Penelope Perkins-Veazie. Extending Cut Paeonia Lactiflora Pall. Storage Duration Using Sub-Zero Storage Temperatures. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (11):1694.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNathan J. Jahnke; John M. Dole; Ben A. Bergmann; Guoying Ma; Penelope Perkins-Veazie. 2020. "Extending Cut Paeonia Lactiflora Pall. Storage Duration Using Sub-Zero Storage Temperatures." Agronomy 10, no. 11: 1694.
Essential plant nutrients are needed at crop-specific concentrations to obtain optimal growth and yield. Foliar tissue analysis is the standard method for assessing nutrient levels in plants. Symptoms of nutrient deficiency or toxicity occur when the foliar tissue values become too low or high. Diagnostic nutrient deficiency criteria for Brassica rapa var. Chinensis (bok choy) is lacking in the current literature. In this study, green (‘Black Summer’) and purple (‘Red Pac’) bok choy plants were grown in silica sand culture, with control plants receiving a complete modified Hoagland’s all-nitrate solution, and nutrient-deficient plants induced by using a complete nutrient formula withholding a single nutrient. Tissue samples were collected at the first sign of visual disorder symptoms and analyzed for dry weight and nutrient concentrations of all plant essential elements. Six weeks into the experiment, the newest matured leaves were sampled for chlorophyll a, b, and total carotenoids concentrations for both cultivars, and total anthocyanin concentration in ‘Red Pac’. Compared to control plants, the dry weight of ‘Black Summer’ green bok choy was significantly lower for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), or boron (B) deficiency treatments, and nutrient concentrations were lower for all variables except iron (Fe) deficiency. Dry weight was less in ‘Red Pac’ plants grown without N, potassium (K), Ca, B, or molybdenum (Mo), and nutrient concentrations were lower for all except Mo-deficiency compared to controls. Total chlorophyll and total carotenoid concentrations were lower in leaves from N−, Fe-, and manganese- (Mn) deficient plants of both cultivars. Leaf anthocyanin concentration was lower only for K-, Ca-, and B-deficiencies in ‘Red Pac’. Our results indicate that visual symptoms of nutrient deficiency are well correlated with nutrient disorders. In contrast, changes in dry weight, chlorophyll, and anthocyanin did not show consistent changes across nutrient disorders.
Patrick Veazie; Paul Cockson; Josh Henry; Penelope Perkins-Veazie; Brian Whipker. Characterization of Nutrient Disorders and Impacts on Chlorophyll and Anthocyanin Concentration of Brassica rapa var. Chinensis. Agriculture 2020, 10, 461 .
AMA StylePatrick Veazie, Paul Cockson, Josh Henry, Penelope Perkins-Veazie, Brian Whipker. Characterization of Nutrient Disorders and Impacts on Chlorophyll and Anthocyanin Concentration of Brassica rapa var. Chinensis. Agriculture. 2020; 10 (10):461.
Chicago/Turabian StylePatrick Veazie; Paul Cockson; Josh Henry; Penelope Perkins-Veazie; Brian Whipker. 2020. "Characterization of Nutrient Disorders and Impacts on Chlorophyll and Anthocyanin Concentration of Brassica rapa var. Chinensis." Agriculture 10, no. 10: 461.
Postmenopausal status is associated with an increase in total and abdominal body fat as well as increased incidence of insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to determine if watermelon supplementation affects select systemic markers of atherosclerosis and measures of insulin resistance in overweight and obese postmenopausal women. We hypothesized that overweight and obese postmenopausal women consuming 100% watermelon puree daily for 6 weeks would have improved levels of select systemic markers connected with cardiovascular disease without changing markers of insulin resistance. To test this hypothesis, overweight and obese postmenopausal women were recruited to participate in this study. Participants were randomly assigned to either the control group (no intervention) or the watermelon puree group (WM) for 6 weeks. Plasma concentration of markers connected with atherosclerosis and glycemic control were measured pre- and poststudy. A significant 6% decrease in soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 occurred pre- to poststudy in WM, P = .003. The pattern of change in fasting blood glucose (P = .633), insulin (P = .158), and homeostatic model assessment–estimated insulin resistance (P = .174) did not differ between groups. Pre- to poststudy increases were measured in the fasting plasma concentration of l-arginine (8%, P = .005), cis-lycopene (32%, P = .003), and trans-lycopene (42%, P = .003) in WM. We conclude that 6 weeks of watermelon supplementation improved soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 levels, a marker connected to atherogenesis, independent of changes in body composition or glycemic control.
R. Andrew Shanely; Jennifer J. Zwetsloot; Thomas J. Jurrissen; Lauren C. Hannan; Kevin A. Zwetsloot; Alan R. Needle; Anna E. Bishop; Guoyao Wu; Penelope Perkins-Veazie. Daily watermelon consumption decreases plasma sVCAM-1 levels in overweight and obese postmenopausal women. Nutrition Research 2020, 76, 9 -19.
AMA StyleR. Andrew Shanely, Jennifer J. Zwetsloot, Thomas J. Jurrissen, Lauren C. Hannan, Kevin A. Zwetsloot, Alan R. Needle, Anna E. Bishop, Guoyao Wu, Penelope Perkins-Veazie. Daily watermelon consumption decreases plasma sVCAM-1 levels in overweight and obese postmenopausal women. Nutrition Research. 2020; 76 ():9-19.
Chicago/Turabian StyleR. Andrew Shanely; Jennifer J. Zwetsloot; Thomas J. Jurrissen; Lauren C. Hannan; Kevin A. Zwetsloot; Alan R. Needle; Anna E. Bishop; Guoyao Wu; Penelope Perkins-Veazie. 2020. "Daily watermelon consumption decreases plasma sVCAM-1 levels in overweight and obese postmenopausal women." Nutrition Research 76, no. : 9-19.
Watermelon is the most significant, natural plant source of L-citrulline, a non-proteinaceous amino acid that benefits cardiovascular health and increases vasodilation in many tissues of the body. Watermelon is a member of the Cucurbitaceae, which includes squash, melon, pumpkin, and cucumber. It is possible that other cucurbits could be good sources of citrulline or of arginine, its direct precursor. Twenty-one cultigens were evaluated in triplicate at two locations in North Carolina to estimate citrulline and arginine amounts and variation due to cultigen, replication, and environment. Cultigens containing the highest amount of citrulline (based on LS means) in g/kg fresh weight were ’Crimson Sweet’ watermelon (2.85), ’Dixielee’ watermelon (2.43), casaba-type melon (0.86), mouse melon (0.64), and horned melon rind (0.45). Additionally, mouse melon, horned melon, and bitter gourd (arils) may be interesting sources of arginine-family amino acids, perhaps because of their large seed and aril content relative to mesocarp.
Jordan Hartman; Todd Wehner; Guoying Ma; Penelope Perkins-Veazie. Citrulline and Arginine Content of Taxa of Cucurbitaceae. Horticulturae 2019, 5, 22 .
AMA StyleJordan Hartman, Todd Wehner, Guoying Ma, Penelope Perkins-Veazie. Citrulline and Arginine Content of Taxa of Cucurbitaceae. Horticulturae. 2019; 5 (1):22.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJordan Hartman; Todd Wehner; Guoying Ma; Penelope Perkins-Veazie. 2019. "Citrulline and Arginine Content of Taxa of Cucurbitaceae." Horticulturae 5, no. 1: 22.
Watermelon fruit [Citrullus lanatus (Thumb) Matsum & Nakai] is a natural source of phytonutrients, including lycopene, citrulline, and arginine. Two segregating, highly outcrossed North Carolina watermelon populations, NC High Yield (NCHYW) and NC Small Fruit (NCSFW), were evaluated for these traits and for indicators of ripeness (pH and soluble solids content). Parents tested in 2015 (NSF = 300, NHY = 300) were sampled for the above and offspring were tested in 2016 if the sampled fruit of the parents were of qualifying ripeness [soluble solids concentration (SSC) ≥8, pH 5.5–6.5], resulting in 251 families (NSF = 72, NHY = 175). Narrow-sense heritability was estimated in each of the populations using the methods of 1) parent-offspring regression and 2) variance of half-sibling family means. Heritability for citrulline in NCHYW was moderate in both parent-offspring and half-sibling estimations (38% and 43%), as was arginine (40% and 44%) and lycopene (46% and 47%, respectively). Estimates for these traits in NCSFW were considerably different, with parent-offspring and half-sibling estimations for citrulline (65% and 22%), arginine (9% and 20%), and lycopene (44% and 68%). In NCHYW, moderate phenotypic correlations were found between SSC and citrulline (0.40), arginine (0.40), their combination (0.45), and lycopene (0.30) all of which were significant, except lycopene. Lycopene was significantly and weakly correlated to citrulline (0.22), but was not correlated to arginine (0.06). Similar correlations were found in NCSFW; SSC was significantly correlated to citrulline (0.24), arginine (0.18), and their combination (0.23), whereas lycopene was slightly correlated to citrulline (0.15) and not significantly correlated to arginine. Based on these heritabilities and phenotypic correlations, tandem selection for high lycopene and citrulline content may be accomplished efficiently using progeny rows with minimal replication using the NCSFW population, whereas replication with multiple years, rows, and locations may be necessary for creating stable lines using the NCHYW population.
Jordan L. Hartman; Penelope Perkins-Veazie; Todd Wehner. Citrulline and Arginine Are Moderately Heritable in Two Red-fleshed Watermelon Populations. HortScience 2019, 54, 200 -205.
AMA StyleJordan L. Hartman, Penelope Perkins-Veazie, Todd Wehner. Citrulline and Arginine Are Moderately Heritable in Two Red-fleshed Watermelon Populations. HortScience. 2019; 54 (2):200-205.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJordan L. Hartman; Penelope Perkins-Veazie; Todd Wehner. 2019. "Citrulline and Arginine Are Moderately Heritable in Two Red-fleshed Watermelon Populations." HortScience 54, no. 2: 200-205.
Consumers prefer watermelon with sweet, red flesh, and the presence of lycopene, citrulline and arginine phytochemicals helpful for human health is an additional bonus. Breeders often select fruit with desirable flesh characteristics based on soluble solids content (Brix) and visual flesh color. Although marker assisted selection (MAS) of flesh traits would advance germplasm selection efficiency, the low heritability of Brix and lycopene content in red fleshed watermelon has hampered marker development. Here we describe the identification of QTLs associated with lycopene content, the amino acids citrulline and arginine, and the content of individual sugar (sucrose, glucose, fructose) in an elite × elite recombinant inbred line (RIL) population. Brix was most highly correlated with total sugars and glucose content, lycopene content was correlated with sucrose content, and citrulline and arginine content showed no correlation. A region on chromosome 5 was associated with sucrose, glucose, and fructose accumulation, while stable arginine content QTLs were identified on chromosomes 2 and 5.
Leigh Ann Fall; Penelope Perkins-Veazie; Guoying Ma; Cecilia McGregor. QTLs associated with flesh quality traits in an elite × elite watermelon population. Euphytica 2019, 215, 30 .
AMA StyleLeigh Ann Fall, Penelope Perkins-Veazie, Guoying Ma, Cecilia McGregor. QTLs associated with flesh quality traits in an elite × elite watermelon population. Euphytica. 2019; 215 (2):30.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeigh Ann Fall; Penelope Perkins-Veazie; Guoying Ma; Cecilia McGregor. 2019. "QTLs associated with flesh quality traits in an elite × elite watermelon population." Euphytica 215, no. 2: 30.
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a warm-season, cold-sensitive crop that shows slower growth and development at temperatures below 18 °C. Improving suboptimal temperature tolerance would allow earlier planting of field-grown tomato and a reduction in energy inputs for heating greenhouses. Grafting tomato onto high-altitude Solanum habrochaites (S. Knapp and D.M. Spooner) accessions has proven effective at improving scion suboptimal temperature tolerance in limited experiments. This study was conducted to determine whether commercially available tomato rootstocks with differing parental backgrounds and root system morphologies can improve the tolerance of scion plants to suboptimal temperature. Two controlled environment growth chambers were used and maintained at either optimal (25 °C day/20 °C night) or suboptimal (15 °C day/15 °C night) temperatures. The cold-sensitive tomato cultivar Moneymaker was used as the nongrafted and self-grafted control as well as scion grafted on ‘Multifort’ (S. lycopersicum × S. habrochaites), ‘Shield’ (S. lycopersicum), and S. habrochaites LA1777 rootstocks. Plants were grown for 10 days in 3.8 L plastic containers filled with a mixture of calcined clay and sand. ‘Multifort’ rootstock significantly reduced the amount of cold-induced stress as observed by larger leaf area and higher levels of CO2 assimilation and photosystem II quantum efficiency. ‘Multifort’ had significantly longer roots, having 42% to 56% more fine root (diameter less than 0.5 mm) length compared with the other nongrafted and grafted treatments. Leaf starch concentration was significantly lower in ‘Multifort’-grafted plants at suboptimal temperatures compared with the self-grafted and nongrafted controls and the ‘Shield’-grafted plants at the same temperature. The ability for ‘Multifort’ to maintain root growth at suboptimal temperatures may improve root system sink strength, thereby promoting movement of photosynthate from leaf to root even under cold conditions. This work demonstrates that a commercially available rootstock can be used to improve suboptimal temperature tolerance in cold-sensitive ‘Moneymaker’ scions.
David H. Suchoff; Penelope Perkins-Veazie; Heike Sederoff; Jonathan R. Schultheis; Matthew D. Kleinhenz; Frank Louws; Christopher C. Gunter. Grafting the Indeterminate Tomato Cultivar Moneymaker onto Multifort Rootstock Improves Cold Tolerance. HortScience 2018, 53, 1610 -1617.
AMA StyleDavid H. Suchoff, Penelope Perkins-Veazie, Heike Sederoff, Jonathan R. Schultheis, Matthew D. Kleinhenz, Frank Louws, Christopher C. Gunter. Grafting the Indeterminate Tomato Cultivar Moneymaker onto Multifort Rootstock Improves Cold Tolerance. HortScience. 2018; 53 (11):1610-1617.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid H. Suchoff; Penelope Perkins-Veazie; Heike Sederoff; Jonathan R. Schultheis; Matthew D. Kleinhenz; Frank Louws; Christopher C. Gunter. 2018. "Grafting the Indeterminate Tomato Cultivar Moneymaker onto Multifort Rootstock Improves Cold Tolerance." HortScience 53, no. 11: 1610-1617.
The development of more cold-tolerant short-cycle banana cultivars has made subtropical production possible, but fruiting may be unreliable in colder margins, such as the coastal region of Alabama, as a result of cold winter temperatures and other suboptimal growing conditions. Thus, the objectives of this study were to determine plant growth parameters that predict flowering, and to evaluate vegetative and reproductive growth of Cavendish and non-Cavendish banana cultivars. Pseudostem circumference and the height-to-circumference ratio (HCR) for tall cultivars and HCR for medium cultivars exhibited linear or quadratic relationships when regressed to the number of days from planting to inflorescence emergence (DPE), and hence were the best predictors of inflorescence emergence. The banana cultivars Double, Grand Nain, Cardaba, Ice Cream, and Goldfinger demonstrated cropping potential by producing mature bunches in the cooler environment of the subtropics and currently offer the best possibilities for banana production in Alabama.
Edgar L. Vinson; Elina D. Coneva; Joseph M. Kemble; Floyd M. Woods; Jeff L. Sibley; Esendugue G. Fonsah; Penelope Perkins-Veazie; J. Raymond Kessler. Prediction of Flower Emergence and Evaluation of Cropping Potential in Selected Banana Cultivars (Musa sp.) Cultivated in Subtropical Conditions of Coastal Alabama. HortScience 2018, 53, 1634 -1639.
AMA StyleEdgar L. Vinson, Elina D. Coneva, Joseph M. Kemble, Floyd M. Woods, Jeff L. Sibley, Esendugue G. Fonsah, Penelope Perkins-Veazie, J. Raymond Kessler. Prediction of Flower Emergence and Evaluation of Cropping Potential in Selected Banana Cultivars (Musa sp.) Cultivated in Subtropical Conditions of Coastal Alabama. HortScience. 2018; 53 (11):1634-1639.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEdgar L. Vinson; Elina D. Coneva; Joseph M. Kemble; Floyd M. Woods; Jeff L. Sibley; Esendugue G. Fonsah; Penelope Perkins-Veazie; J. Raymond Kessler. 2018. "Prediction of Flower Emergence and Evaluation of Cropping Potential in Selected Banana Cultivars (Musa sp.) Cultivated in Subtropical Conditions of Coastal Alabama." HortScience 53, no. 11: 1634-1639.
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is one of the most prevalent micronutrient deficiencies that disproportionately affects low income populations in developing countries. Traditional breeding and modern biotechnology have significant potential to enhance micronutrient bioavailability in crops through biofortification. Bananas (Musa spp.) are economically important fruit crops grown throughout tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world where VAD is most prevalent. Some banana genotypes are rich in provitamin A carotenoids (pVACs), providing an opportunity to use bananas as a readily available vehicle for provitamin A delivery. This review summarizes the progress made in carotenoid research in bananas relative to banana diversity and the use of conventional breeding and transgenic approaches aimed at banana biofortification to address vitamin A deficiency. Existing reports on sampling strategies, pVAC retention and bioavailability are also evaluated as essential components for a successful banana biofortification effort. The wide variability of pVACs reported in banana cultivars coupled with recent advances in unraveling the diversity and genetic improvement of this globally important but often-neglected staple fruit crop underscores their importance in biofortification schemes.
Delphine Amah; Angeline van Biljon; Allan Brown; Penelope Perkins-Veazie; Rony Swennen; Maryke Labuschagne. Recent advances in banana (musa spp.) biofortification to alleviate vitamin A deficiency. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 2018, 59, 3498 -3510.
AMA StyleDelphine Amah, Angeline van Biljon, Allan Brown, Penelope Perkins-Veazie, Rony Swennen, Maryke Labuschagne. Recent advances in banana (musa spp.) biofortification to alleviate vitamin A deficiency. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2018; 59 (21):3498-3510.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDelphine Amah; Angeline van Biljon; Allan Brown; Penelope Perkins-Veazie; Rony Swennen; Maryke Labuschagne. 2018. "Recent advances in banana (musa spp.) biofortification to alleviate vitamin A deficiency." Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 59, no. 21: 3498-3510.
Grafting watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is a common practice in many parts of the world and has recently received increased interest in the United States. The present study was designed to evaluate early season growth, yield, and fruit quality of watermelon in response to grafting and in the absence of known disease pressure in a fumigated system. Field experiments were conducted using standard and mini watermelons (cv. Exclamation and Extazy, respectively) grafted onto 20 commercially available cucurbit rootstocks representing four species: giant pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima), summer squash (Cucurbita pepo), bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), and interspecific hybrid squash [ISH (C. maxima × Cucurbita moschata)]. Nongrafted ‘Exclamation’ and ‘Extazy’ were included as controls. To determine early season growth, leaf area was measured at 1, 2, and 3 weeks after transplant (WAT). At 1 WAT, nongrafted ‘Exclamation’ produced the smallest leaf area; however, at 3 WAT, nongrafted ‘Exclamation’ produced the largest leaf area in 2015, and no differences were observed in 2016. Leaf area was very similar among rootstocks in the ‘Extazy’ study, with minimal differences observed. Marketable yield included fruit weighing ≥9 and ≥3 lb for ‘Exclamation’ and ‘Extazy’, respectively. In the ‘Exclamation’ study, highest marketable yields were observed in nongrafted ‘Exclamation’, and ‘Exclamation’ grafted to ‘Pelops’, ‘TZ148’, and ‘Coloso’, and lowest marketable yields were observed when using ‘Marvel’ and ‘Kazako’ rootstocks, which produced 47% and 32% of nongrafted ‘Exclamation’ yield, respectively. In the ‘Extazy’ study, the highest marketable yield was observed in nongrafted ‘Extazy’, and ‘Kazako’ produced the lowest yields (48% of nongrafted ‘Extazy’). Fruit quality was determined by measuring fruit acidity (pH), soluble solids concentration (SSC), lycopene content, and flesh firmness from a sample of two fruit from each plot from the initial two harvests of each year. Across both studies, rootstock had no effect on SSC or lycopene content. As reported in previous studies, flesh firmness was increased as a result of grafting, and nongrafted ‘Exclamation’ and ‘Extazy’ had the lowest flesh firmness among standard and mini watermelons, respectively. The present study evaluated two scions with a selection of 20 cucurbit rootstocks and observed no benefits in early season growth, yield, or phytonutrient content. Only three of 20 rootstocks in each study produced marketable yields similar to the nongrafted treatments, and no grafted treatment produced higher yields than nongrafted ‘Exclamation’ or ‘Extazy’. Because grafted seedlings have an associated increase in cost and do not produce increased yields, grafting in these optimized farming systems and using fumigated soils does not offer an advantage in the absence of soilborne pathogens or other stressors that interfere with watermelon production.
Matthew B. Bertucci; Katherine Jennings; David W. Monks; Jonathan R. Schultheis; Penelope Perkins-Veazie; Frank Louws; David L. Jordan. Early Season Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality of Standard and Mini Watermelon Grafted onto Several Commercially Available Cucurbit Rootstocks. HortTechnology 2018, 28, 459 -469.
AMA StyleMatthew B. Bertucci, Katherine Jennings, David W. Monks, Jonathan R. Schultheis, Penelope Perkins-Veazie, Frank Louws, David L. Jordan. Early Season Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality of Standard and Mini Watermelon Grafted onto Several Commercially Available Cucurbit Rootstocks. HortTechnology. 2018; 28 (4):459-469.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatthew B. Bertucci; Katherine Jennings; David W. Monks; Jonathan R. Schultheis; Penelope Perkins-Veazie; Frank Louws; David L. Jordan. 2018. "Early Season Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality of Standard and Mini Watermelon Grafted onto Several Commercially Available Cucurbit Rootstocks." HortTechnology 28, no. 4: 459-469.
Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) fruit, rich in anthocyanins, polyphenolics and antioxidant activity, has not been exploited fully for processing into juice. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of commercial juice extraction enzymes (Cellubrix, Pectinex Ultra SPL, and Crystalzyme) on juice yield, total soluble solids (TSS), juice clarity, HPLC sugars profile, total anthocyanins (ACY), total phenolics (TPH), and antioxidant activity (assayed as FRAP). Enzyme treatments resulted in significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher juice yield (86.91–87.29 mL/100 g with Pectinex and Crystalzyme as compared 79.45 mL/100 g from control), higher juice clarity, and titratable acidity, and lower extraction loss. However, enzymes treatment had no effect on total soluble solids (°Brix), fructose, glucose, and total sugars. Generally, juice Hunter color values (L, a, and b), Hue angle (h°) and Chroma (C*) were affected positively by the enzymes treatment. As compared to the control (9.69 mg/100 mL), total ACY were significantly higher (11.49–12.90 mg/100 mL) in juice from enzyme-treated macerates; whereas there was no effect on TPH, determined as gallic acid equivalent (96-89‒101.30 mg GAE/100 mL) and FRAP antioxidant activity (3.87–3.97 μmol TE/100 mL). Total ACY, TPH, and FRAP were several-fold higher in the pomace than the juice.
Muhammad Siddiq; Kirk D. Dolan; Penelope Perkins-Veazie; Julie K. Collins. Effect of pectinolytic and cellulytic enzymes on the physical, chemical, and antioxidant properties of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) juice. LWT 2018, 92, 127 -132.
AMA StyleMuhammad Siddiq, Kirk D. Dolan, Penelope Perkins-Veazie, Julie K. Collins. Effect of pectinolytic and cellulytic enzymes on the physical, chemical, and antioxidant properties of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) juice. LWT. 2018; 92 ():127-132.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Siddiq; Kirk D. Dolan; Penelope Perkins-Veazie; Julie K. Collins. 2018. "Effect of pectinolytic and cellulytic enzymes on the physical, chemical, and antioxidant properties of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) juice." LWT 92, no. : 127-132.
Penelope Perkins-Veazie. Postharvest storage and transport of blackberries. Blackberries and their hybrids 2018, 266 -282.
AMA StylePenelope Perkins-Veazie. Postharvest storage and transport of blackberries. Blackberries and their hybrids. 2018; ():266-282.
Chicago/Turabian StylePenelope Perkins-Veazie. 2018. "Postharvest storage and transport of blackberries." Blackberries and their hybrids , no. : 266-282.
A field study was conducted in 2014 and 2015 in an established 5-yr old commercial blackberry planting to determine the effect of vegetation-free strip width (VFSW) on ‘Navaho’ blackberry vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality parameters, identify the optimum VFSW for blackberry plantings in the southeastern USA, and provide practical groundcover management recommendations that can increase the productivity of blackberry plantings. In Fall 2013, tall fescue was seeded in-row and allowed to establish. In Spring 2014, VFSW treatments (0, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.8 m) were established in a randomized complete block statistical design with four replications. Blackberry growth measurements included primocane and floricane number, cane diam, individual fruit weight and yield. Fruit quality measurements included, soluble solids concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (TA) and pH. Primocane number increased with increasing VFSW in both years. Floricane number increased with increasing VFSW in 2014. Primocane diam decreased with increasing VFSW in 2014 but had a quadratic response in 2015. Berry weight and cumulative yield increased with increasing VFSW in both years. The only berry quality component affected by VFSW was pH, which decreased as VFSW increased. Results indicate that widening the VFSW in blackberry from the current recommendation of 1.2 m to 1.8 m could provide growers a means to increase plant growth, berry weight, and cumulative yield blackberry of a planting.
Nicholas T. Basinger; Katherine M. Jennings; David W. Monks; Wayne E. Mitchem; Penelope M. Perkins-Veazie; Sushila Chaudhari. In-row Vegetation-free Strip Width Effect on Established ‘Navaho’ Blackberry. Weed Technology 2017, 32, 85 -89.
AMA StyleNicholas T. Basinger, Katherine M. Jennings, David W. Monks, Wayne E. Mitchem, Penelope M. Perkins-Veazie, Sushila Chaudhari. In-row Vegetation-free Strip Width Effect on Established ‘Navaho’ Blackberry. Weed Technology. 2017; 32 (1):85-89.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNicholas T. Basinger; Katherine M. Jennings; David W. Monks; Wayne E. Mitchem; Penelope M. Perkins-Veazie; Sushila Chaudhari. 2017. "In-row Vegetation-free Strip Width Effect on Established ‘Navaho’ Blackberry." Weed Technology 32, no. 1: 85-89.
E.L. Vinson Iii; E.D. Coneva; J.M. Kemble; F.M. Woods; J.L. Sibley; Penelope Perkins-Veazie; E.G. Fonsah. Phenological parameter responses gauge banana fruit production potential in the coastal region of Alabama, USA. Acta Horticulturae 2017, 61 -66.
AMA StyleE.L. Vinson Iii, E.D. Coneva, J.M. Kemble, F.M. Woods, J.L. Sibley, Penelope Perkins-Veazie, E.G. Fonsah. Phenological parameter responses gauge banana fruit production potential in the coastal region of Alabama, USA. Acta Horticulturae. 2017; (1178):61-66.
Chicago/Turabian StyleE.L. Vinson Iii; E.D. Coneva; J.M. Kemble; F.M. Woods; J.L. Sibley; Penelope Perkins-Veazie; E.G. Fonsah. 2017. "Phenological parameter responses gauge banana fruit production potential in the coastal region of Alabama, USA." Acta Horticulturae , no. 1178: 61-66.
Citrulline, arginine, and lycopene are naturally occurring compounds found in watermelon, Citrullus lanatus (Thumb) Matsum & Nakai, with beneficial effects on plant growth and human health. This study evaluated seven commercial cultivars and one breeding line for citrulline, arginine, and lycopene content in mature fruit grown at two locations in North Carolina. Correlations among these compounds and fruit quality traits (percent soluble solids and flesh pH) were evaluated. Watermelon cultigens evaluated were chosen for their fruit trait diversity. ‘Yellow Doll’ and NC-517 possessed the highest citrulline and combined concentration of citrulline and arginine of all cultigens evaluated. Lycopene content was highest in ‘Dixielee’, followed by ‘Sugar Baby’, and ‘Allsweet’, each of which have different shades of red flesh color. Location and its interaction with genotype had no significant effect on arginine or lycopene concentration. Broad-sense heritability was estimated for each trait. Arginine content (89%) and lycopene content (99%) had very high heritability. Citrulline content (41%), percent soluble solids (46%), and flesh pH (61%) had moderate heritability. Lycopene was positively correlated with flesh pH (r = 0.517) and negatively correlated with percent soluble solids (r = −0.344). Arginine content had a weak negative correlation with flesh pH (r = −0.343) and was not correlated with percent soluble solids.
Todd C. Wehner; Rachel P. Naegele; Penelope Perkins-Veazie. Heritability and Genetic Variance Components Associated with Citrulline, Arginine, and Lycopene Content in Diverse Watermelon Cultigens. HortScience 2017, 52, 936 -940.
AMA StyleTodd C. Wehner, Rachel P. Naegele, Penelope Perkins-Veazie. Heritability and Genetic Variance Components Associated with Citrulline, Arginine, and Lycopene Content in Diverse Watermelon Cultigens. HortScience. 2017; 52 (7):936-940.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTodd C. Wehner; Rachel P. Naegele; Penelope Perkins-Veazie. 2017. "Heritability and Genetic Variance Components Associated with Citrulline, Arginine, and Lycopene Content in Diverse Watermelon Cultigens." HortScience 52, no. 7: 936-940.
The consumption of fresh muskmelons (Cucumis melo reticulatus L.) has been linked to severe illness outbreaks due to contamination with bacterial pathogens. Antimicrobial essential oils (EOs) were incorporated into wash water sprays and evaluated as potential agents for postharvest disinfection of ‘Athena’ muskmelons. Freshly harvested fruits were sprayed with 0.5% EOs from cinnamon leaf, thyme, or clove bud emulsified in a whey protein emulsion (WP) as potential washing disinfectants, together with deionized water, water with 200 µL·L−1 free chlorine (pH 7, free turbidity), or oil-free WP as controls. Melons were treated, stored at 4 °C and then evaluated weekly for weight loss, rind color, mesocarp firmness and the compositional quality traits soluble solids content (SSC), pH, β-carotene content, and total ascorbic acid (AsA) for up to 21 days. Essential oil–treated melons were not different from controls in fruit quality and composition with the exception of fruits treated with thyme oil, which were statistically lower in SSC (0.8 °Brix) than those treated with water or cinnamon oil treatment. Internal carbon dioxide was statistically higher (≈0.1% higher in value, equal to a 25% increase) in muskmelons receiving whey protein–based treatments after storage for at least 7 days. Overall, our results suggest that EOs as disinfectants have little effect on quality or composition of muskmelon fruit.
Chen Jiang; Penelope Perkins-Veazie; Guoying Ma; Christopher Gunter. Muskmelon Fruit Quality in Response to Postharvest Essential Oil and Whey Protein Sprays. HortScience 2017, 52, 887 -891.
AMA StyleChen Jiang, Penelope Perkins-Veazie, Guoying Ma, Christopher Gunter. Muskmelon Fruit Quality in Response to Postharvest Essential Oil and Whey Protein Sprays. HortScience. 2017; 52 (6):887-891.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen Jiang; Penelope Perkins-Veazie; Guoying Ma; Christopher Gunter. 2017. "Muskmelon Fruit Quality in Response to Postharvest Essential Oil and Whey Protein Sprays." HortScience 52, no. 6: 887-891.
Lycopene is a naturally occurring red carotenoid compound that is found in watermelon. Lycopene has antioxidant properties. Lycopene content, sugar content and hollowheart resistance are subject to significant genotype×environment interaction (G×E), which makes breeding for these fruit quality traits difficult. The objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate the influence of years and locations on lycopene content, sugar content and hollowheart resistance for a set of watermelon genotypes, and (ii) identify genotypes with high stability for lycopene, sugar, and hollowheart resistance. A diverse set of 40 genotypes was tested over 3 years and 8 locations across the southern United States in replicated, multi-harvest trials. Lycopene was tested in a subset of 10 genotypes. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate stability statistics (BLUP-GGE biplot) using SASGxE and RGxE programs. There were strong effects of environment as well as G×E interaction on watermelon quality traits. On the basis of stability measures, genotypes were classified as stable or unstable for each quality trait. 'Crimson Sweet' is an inbred line with high quality trait performance as well as trait stability. 'Stone Mountain', 'Tom Watson', 'Crimson Sweet' and 'Minilee' were among the best genotypes for lycopene content, sugar content and hollowheart resistance. We developed a stability chart based on marketable yield and average ranking generated from different stability measures for yield attributes and quality traits. The chart will assist in choosing parents for improvement of watermelon cultivars. See http://cuke.hort.ncsu.edu/cucurbit/wmelon/wmelonmain.html.
Mahendra Dia; Todd C Wehner; Penelope Perkins-Veazie; Richard Hassell; Daniel S Price; George E Boyhan; Stephen M Olson; Stephen R King; Angela R Davis; Gregory E Tolla; Jerome Bernier; Benito Juarez. Stability of fruit quality traits in diverse watermelon cultivars tested in multiple environments. Horticulture Research 2016, 3, 16066 .
AMA StyleMahendra Dia, Todd C Wehner, Penelope Perkins-Veazie, Richard Hassell, Daniel S Price, George E Boyhan, Stephen M Olson, Stephen R King, Angela R Davis, Gregory E Tolla, Jerome Bernier, Benito Juarez. Stability of fruit quality traits in diverse watermelon cultivars tested in multiple environments. Horticulture Research. 2016; 3 (1):16066.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMahendra Dia; Todd C Wehner; Penelope Perkins-Veazie; Richard Hassell; Daniel S Price; George E Boyhan; Stephen M Olson; Stephen R King; Angela R Davis; Gregory E Tolla; Jerome Bernier; Benito Juarez. 2016. "Stability of fruit quality traits in diverse watermelon cultivars tested in multiple environments." Horticulture Research 3, no. 1: 16066.
Consuming carbohydrate- and antioxidant-rich fruits during exercise as a means of supporting and enhancing both performance and health is of interest to endurance athletes. Watermelon (WM) contains carbohydrate, lycopene, l-citrulline, and l-arginine. WM may support exercise performance, augment antioxidant capacity, and act as a countermeasure to exercise-induced inflammation and innate immune changes. Trained cyclists (n = 20, 48 ± 2 years) participated in a randomized, placebo controlled, crossover study. Subjects completed two 75 km cycling time trials after either 2 weeks ingestion of 980 mL/day WM puree or no treatment. Subjects drank either WM puree containing 0.2 gm/kg carbohydrate or a 6% carbohydrate beverage every 15 min during the time trials. Blood samples were taken pre-study and pre-, post-, 1 h post-exercise. WM ingestion versus no treatment for 2-weeks increased plasma l-citrulline and l-arginine concentrations (p < 0.0125). Exercise performance did not differ between WM puree or carbohydrate beverage trials (p > 0.05), however, the rating of perceived exertion was greater during the WM trial (p > 0.05). WM puree versus carbohydrate beverage resulted in a similar pattern of increase in blood glucose, and greater increases in post-exercise plasma antioxidant capacity, l-citrulline, l-arginine, and total nitrate (all p < 0.05), but without differences in systemic markers of inflammation or innate immune function. Daily WM puree consumption fully supported the energy demands of exercise, and increased post-exercise blood levels of WM nutritional components (l-citrulline and l-arginine), antioxidant capacity, and total nitrate, but without an influence on post-exercise inflammation and changes in innate immune function.
R. Andrew Shanely; David C. Nieman; Penelope Perkins-Veazie; Dru A. Henson; Mary P. Meaney; Amy M. Knab; Lynn Cialdell-Kam. Comparison of Watermelon and Carbohydrate Beverage on Exercise-Induced Alterations in Systemic Inflammation, Immune Dysfunction, and Plasma Antioxidant Capacity. Nutrients 2016, 8, 518 .
AMA StyleR. Andrew Shanely, David C. Nieman, Penelope Perkins-Veazie, Dru A. Henson, Mary P. Meaney, Amy M. Knab, Lynn Cialdell-Kam. Comparison of Watermelon and Carbohydrate Beverage on Exercise-Induced Alterations in Systemic Inflammation, Immune Dysfunction, and Plasma Antioxidant Capacity. Nutrients. 2016; 8 (8):518.
Chicago/Turabian StyleR. Andrew Shanely; David C. Nieman; Penelope Perkins-Veazie; Dru A. Henson; Mary P. Meaney; Amy M. Knab; Lynn Cialdell-Kam. 2016. "Comparison of Watermelon and Carbohydrate Beverage on Exercise-Induced Alterations in Systemic Inflammation, Immune Dysfunction, and Plasma Antioxidant Capacity." Nutrients 8, no. 8: 518.
The advanced selections, NCS 10-038 and NCS 10-156, from the North Carolina breeding program were compared to the traditionally used cultivars, Camarosa and Chandler, for storage life and fruit composition in 2014 and 2015. Postharvest quality of NCS 10-038 was similar to that of ‘Camarosa’ and ‘Chandler’ after 8 days storage at 4 °C. NCS 10-156 was significantly worse in overall appearance and had more fruit shrivel, calyx browning, and mold than the other genotypes. However, NCS 10-156 was highest in soluble solids content and was similar in total anthocyanin content and total phenolic content to ‘Camarosa’ and ‘Chandler’. Further analysis of flavonoids by high performance liquid chromatography showed that NCS 10-156 was much lower in total flavonols than the other genotypes and comparable in anthocyanin pigments to ‘Chandler’. NCS 10-038, while similar in pigment profile to ‘Camarosa’, had less total anthocyanin than the other genotypes. NCS 10-038 had a lighter red color than the other genotypes and was similar in postharvest quality to ‘Chandler’ and ‘Camarosa’ and may be suitable for long-distance markets. NCS 10-156 is slightly softer than the other genotypes and more prone to mold while the higher soluble solids content may make it suitable for direct market sales. Both selections show postharvest promise for strawberry production in the humid mid-South region.
Penelope Perkins-Veazie; Jeremy Pattison; Gina Fernandez; Guoying Ma. Fruit Quality and Composition of Two Advanced North Carolina Strawberry Selections. International Journal of Fruit Science 2016, 16, 220 -227.
AMA StylePenelope Perkins-Veazie, Jeremy Pattison, Gina Fernandez, Guoying Ma. Fruit Quality and Composition of Two Advanced North Carolina Strawberry Selections. International Journal of Fruit Science. 2016; 16 (sup1):220-227.
Chicago/Turabian StylePenelope Perkins-Veazie; Jeremy Pattison; Gina Fernandez; Guoying Ma. 2016. "Fruit Quality and Composition of Two Advanced North Carolina Strawberry Selections." International Journal of Fruit Science 16, no. sup1: 220-227.