Background: Insufficient adherence to treatment is a relevant problem. This study aims to determine the impact of health locus of control, stress coping style and level of mindfulness on medication adherence in patients with a chronic illness. Methods: The study included 768 people. The diagnostic survey involved the use of: Medication Adherence Questionnaire (MAQ), Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale (MHLC), The Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS), and The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). Results: Participants were divided into two subgroups, i.e., adherent (n = 219) and non-adherent (n = 549). We observed significant differences between the subgroups in age, BMI, sex, place of residence, education, and for all MHLC subscales, two CISS subscales and MAAS. The identified medication adherence variables were: female gender (OR = 1.55), BMI (OR = 0.95), MHLC/Internal (OR = 0.95), CISS/Emotional (OR = 1.03), MAAS (OR = 0.97). Conclusions: A strong internal health locus of control, a higher level of mindfulness and a lower level of emotional-stress coping style increase the likelihood of adherence with medication recommendations in patients with chronic diseases.

Aim: The main goal of the study was to assess the significance of selected psychological factors related to the adherence to medication recommendations among the older adults with chronic diseases.Design: It was designed as a cross‐sectional study, aimed at assessing the importance of selected psychological factors in complying with medication recommendations among older adults.Methods: The study involved 345 older adults with chronic diseases, assessed the importance of selected psychological factors, such as: health locus of control, stress coping and mindfulness in adhering to medication recommendations older persons. To answer the research questions, we performed frequency analyses, basic descriptive statistics analyses together with the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Student's t tests for independent samples, monofactorial analysis of variance in the intergroup diagram, analysis correlation with the Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman's rank correlation ρ analysis and stepwise linear regression analysis.Results: The study identified psychological predictors of medication adherence, which explained 12% of the variability. An emotion‐oriented coping proved to be the most important factor. Additionally, powerful other health locus of control and mindful attention were shown to have a positive effect.

Background: Psychological factors may be involved in both the development and treatment of somatic diseases. Our study aimed to evaluate the style of coping with stress, health-related locus of control, and level of mindfulness of adult patients with the most common chronic somatic diseases compared with healthy subjects. Methods: 502 chronically ill people were examined (M = 49.27; SD = 14.25), including 288 women and 214 men. The control group consisted of 117 healthy people (M = 45.66; SD = 17.86). The diagnostic survey involved using the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS), Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale (MHLC), and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). Results: Differences between the clinical and control groups were demonstrated for MHLC: Internal (p < 0.001), Powerful Others (p < 0.05), and Chance (p < 0.001); CISS: Task (p < 0.001) and Avoidance (p < 0.05); and MAAS (p < 0.01). Conclusion: People with chronic somatic diseases, compared to healthy people, have a stronger external and weaker internal health-related locus of control, lower level of task and avoidance style for coping with stress, and lower level of mindfulness.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between medication adherence (MA) and selected psychological factors in a group of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Material and methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in four rheumatology outpatient clinics in Silesia, Poland. The tests used were the Medication Adherence Questionnaire (MAQ), the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale (MHLC), the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS), and the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). The analysis involved 106 adult patients diagnosed with RA at least 6 months before, who were prescribed medication, with disease at any stage and with stable comorbidities. Software was used to perform analyses of frequency, basic descriptive statistics, including the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Student’s t-test for independent samples, intergroup univariate variance, Pearson’s r correlation coefficient, Spearman’s rank correlation  coefficient, Fisher’s exact test and stepwise linear regression.Results: Powerful Others Health Locus of Control (PHLC), Internal Health Locus of Control (IHLC) and age of the subjects, F(3, 102) = 8.05; p < 0.001 explained 16.8% of the variation in the adherence level for the entire group. In the group of women PHLC and IHLC, F(2, 80) = 10.04; p < 0.001 were included in the model, which explained 18.1% of variation in MA. PHLC was the most significant factor in the group of women ( = 0.55; p < 0.001) and in the entire group ( = 0.48; p < 0.001). In the group of men, Social Diversion Style (SDS), F(1, 21) = 5.81; p = 0.02 was included in the model, which explained 17.9% of the variation in the MA level.Conclusions: The study identified some psychological predictors of adherence, which explained 16.8% of the variability. Factors increasing the likelihood of medication adherence in patients with rheumatoid arthritis include a strong belief in the power of others, low level of internal health locus of control, and advanced age.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is an example of a situational crisis resulting in emotional destabilization. The aim of the study was to analyze changes in the level of anxiety and anger in medical students during the early adaptation to the situational crisis, and to estimate the risk factors for fear and anger in this group. Methods: Participants were 949 medical students (M = 22.88, SD = 4.10) in the first stage on March 2020, and 748 (M = 22.57, SD = 3.79) in the second stage on June 2020. The STAI, STAXI-2, and our own questionnaire were used. Results: First vs the second stage: anxiety state (p < 0.001), anger state (p = 0.326), and feeling angry (p < 0.05). The regression model (F(14.1681) = 79.01, p < 0.001) for the level of anxiety state explains 39% of the dependent variable variance (r² = 0.39). The model for the anger-state level (F(6.1689) = 68.04, p < 0.001)-19% (r² = 0.19). Conclusions: During the early adaptation to the situational crisis, the general level of anxiety decreased, but anger was at the same level. The anxiety was explained by contact with potentially or objective infected persons, and the level of anger was based on the need for greater social support.

Cel pracy: W zawodzie psychoterapeuty, podobnie jak w innych zawodach pomocowych, istnieje wysokie ryzyko wypalenia zawodowego. Istotne wydaje się zatem znalezienie zasobów zapobiegających temu zjawisku. Jednym z nich, nowym w kontekście wypalenia zawodowego, jest współczucie wobec siebie (self-compassion), które traktuje się jako regulator emocjonalnego radzenia sobie ze stresem. Celem badania była analiza zależności między, współczuciem wobec siebie i stylem radzenia sobie ze stresem a wypaleniem zawodowym oraz ocena znaczenia stylu radzenia sobie ze stresem jako mediatorem pomiędzy współczuciem wobec siebie a wypaleniem zawodowym.Metoda: Badanie przeprowadzone zostało w grupie 70 psychoterapeutów o średniej wieku 39,56 (SD = 8,18), w większości kobiet (94,3%). W badaniu przekrojowym zastosowano Kwestionariusz Wypalenia Zawodowego (Link Burnout Questionnaire, LBQ), Kwestionariusz Radzenia Sobie w Sytuacjach Stresowych (Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations, CISS) oraz Skróconą Skalę Współczucia Wobec Siebie (Self-Compassion Scale – Short Form).Wyniki: W badaniu wykazano ujemny związek wyczerpania psychofizycznego oraz rozczarowania jako wymiarów wypalenia zawodowego ze współczuciem wobec siebie oraz dodatni związek rozczarowania ze stylem radzenia sobie skoncentrowanym na emocjach. Ujemny związek dotyczył współczucia wobec siebie i stylu skoncentrowanego na emocjach, brak było zależności w odniesieniu do stylu radzenia sobie skoncentrowanego na zadaniu oraz unikaniu. Analiza mediacji nie wykazała, by styl radzenia sobie ze stresem pośredniczył pomiędzy współczuciem wobec siebie a wypaleniem zawodowym w grupie psychoterapeutów.Wnioski: Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na to, że rozwijanie współczucia wobec siebie może zapobiegać wypaleniu zawodowemu bez efektu pośredniego radzenia sobie ze stresem.