Climate change presents a worldwide challenge, with buildings significantly contributing to carbon emissions throughout their life cycles. Numerous assessments have been conducted to measure buildings’ global warming potential (GWP). However, the significance of the environmental impacts at different times is affected by varying external conditions, and their magnitude also changes over time, a factor often overlooked in conventional LCA studies. Dynamic LCA, emerging in the past decade, incorporates temporal variations in parameters (e.g., energy mix) and processes (e.g., technological advancement) that influence the results and interpretation of the assessed systems. Influential factors, functional pathways, and assessment outcomes vary across locations, underscoring the need for a comprehensive dynamic LCA framework encompassing diverse, dynamic properties. This review paper aims to pinpoint common dynamic parameters, processes, and methodologies used in building modelling to enhance understanding of the latest trends in predicting associated dynamics of LCA. From the Google Scholar database, this study collected 50 papers. The results were categorised into eight typical dynamic processes and eight common approaches for predicting the dynamic evolution of LCA. Finally, we discuss the limitations and formulate some recommendations in this scope.
The concept and practice of sustainability in urban planning have gained worldwide significance since the early 2000s and have become increasingly mainstream in the policymaking process. Adopting global frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and ISO standards, for sustainable communities provides an opportunity to build more sustainable, innovative, and equitable towns and cities, with regard to natural resources and biodiversity. However, attaining sustainability requires addressing many fundamental issues at various levels, and achieving the goals and objectives of sustainability poses a significant challenge for all segments of society. Several methods for assessing the sustainability of the urban environment have been established in recent years. Therefore, compiling a short and comprehensive list of indicators addressing the broad concept of urban sustainability issues has arisen as a significant challenge. This research reviews four urban sustainability assessment tools—BREEAM-C, LEED-ND, iiSBE SBToolPT Urban, and iiSBE SNTool—to identify a clear set of key sustainability priorities. This study aims to highlight a more consistent list of indicators that are considered the most significant aspects and priorities within the analysed sustainability methods, allowing for a common understanding of the most important principles that must be considered in the design of sustainable urban areas and are compatible with the most recent standardization and sustainability targets. The end product of this study includes a proposal for a set of sustainability indicators to assess environmental, social, and economic issues to implement in the design of sustainable urban environments, independent of the local context.
Sustainability assessment methods have gained the attention between urban planners and policymakers since they promote a comprehensive view of the cities. Intelligent solutions, enabled by advances in information technologies, can accelerate progress in achieving sustainability goals. In this context, City Information Modelling (CIM) emerges as a tool to facilitate urban sustainability assessment implementation. Accordingly, the main question aimed to address in this article is whether conventional sustainability assessment tools can be adapted to the CIM framework. In this regard, this study extracts the most consensual list of indicators from four sustainability assessment methods: BREEAM-C, LEED-ND, SNTool, and SBToolPT Urban, to identify a clear set of key sustainability priorities. The selected sustainability assessment methods are pioneering and often used for performance assessment at the urban scale. Furthermore, the indicators extracted from the assessment methods are measurable and can present accurate results. The study analyses the potential of the selected indicators to be calculated in CIM. The final product of the article is identifying the indicators that are adaptable to be used in the CIM approach.
This study investigates the combined use of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and steel fibers—industrial (ISF), recycled (RSF), and hybrid ISF/RSF (HSF)—to enhance the mechanical performance, freeze–thaw durability, and environmental efficiency of roller-compacted concrete pavement (RCCP). Twenty mixtures incorporating two RCA levels (0% and 25%) and different fiber systems were tested. The results showed that, although RCA slightly reduced strength, hybrid fibers effectively compensated for this loss, improving toughness, tensile capacity, and resistance to freeze–thaw degradation. A life-cycle assessment demonstrated that substituting natural aggregates and industrial fibers with RCA and RSF lowers the embodied carbon and energy demand. A multi-criteria decision analysis identified mixtures with 25% RCA and hybrid fibers (0.9% HSF) as the most balanced solutions, combining an improved performance with a reduced environmental burden. The findings highlight hybrid fiber-reinforced, RCA-based RCCP as a practical and eco-efficient option for sustainable pavement infrastructure.
While promoting a holistic view of cities, sustainability assessment methods and the circular economy concept have gained attention among urban planners and policymakers. Those methods associated with information technologies can enable intelligent solutions to accelerate sustainability goals. City Information Modelling (CIM) can facilitate the assessment of urban sustainability and circularity. Continuing a previous study, this article examines whether traditional sustainability assessment tools may be adapted to CIM while promoting circular economy practices. Furthermore, the relationship between the most prioritized sustainability indicators and primary urban circularity concerns is examined through theoretical analysis. Therefore, a correlation matrix is proposed and indicators associated with each circularity concern are identified. In total, 24 indicators out of 48 are directly related to urban sustainability. Accordingly, this article discusses how urban circularity concerns can be determined using CIM, based on their correlation with the prioritized indicators. The findings indicate that a CIM-oriented strategy could be used to evaluate urban circularity concerns through sustainability indicators.