The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is currently a global challenge, with 210 countries, including Indonesia, seeking to minimize its spread. Therefore, this study aims to determine the spatiotemporal spread pattern of this virus in Surabaya using various data on confirmed cases from 28 April to 26 October 2021. It also aims to determine the relationship between pollutant parameters, such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), and ozone (O₃), as well as the government’s high social restrictions policy in Java-Bali. Several methods, such as the weighted mean center, directional distribution, Getis–Ord Gi*, Moran’s I, and geographically weighted regression, were used to identify the spatial spread pattern of the virus. The weighted mean center indicated that the epicenter location of the outbreak moved randomly. The directional distribution demonstrated a decrease of 21 km² at the end of the study phase, which proved that its spread has significantly reduced in Surabaya. Meanwhile, the Getis–Ord Gi* results demonstrated that the eastern and southern parts of the study region were highly infected. Moran’s I demonstrate that COVID-19 cases clustered during the spike. The geographically weighted regression model indicated a number of influence zones in the northeast, northwest, and a few in the southwest parts at the peak of R² 0.55. The relationship between COVID-19 cases and air pollution parameters proved that people living at the outbreak’s center have low pollution levels due to lockdown. Furthermore, the lockdown policy reduced CO, NO₂, SO₂, and O₃. In addition, increase in air pollutants; namely, NO₂, CO, SO₂ and O₃, was recorded after 7 weeks of lockdown implementation (started from 18 August).

Background/Objectives: Our understanding of dexmedetomidine, as an adjuvant to nerve blocks in cancer surgery, is characterized by a current lack of compelling evidence, and it remains unknown whether the potential benefits of use outweigh the risks. The aim of the study was to evaluate the benefit and safety profiles of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to nerve blocks in cancer surgery. Methods: Systematic searches were conducted in MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, Springer, medRxiv, and Scopus up to 17 May 2024. Risk ratios (RR) for binary outcomes and standardized mean differences (SMDs) for continuous outcomes were quantified. Results: Twenty studies were identified. In breast cancer surgery, the use of dexmedetomidine reduced 24 h total morphine consumption (SMD = −1.99 [95% CI −3.01 to −0.98], p = 0.0001, I2 = 91%, random effects) and prolonged the requirement for morphine rescue analgesia (SMD = 2.98 [95% CI 0.01 to 5.95], p = 0.05, I2 = 98%, random effects). In abdominal cancer surgery, the dexmedetomidine group had lower total sufentanil consumption (SMD = −1.34 [95% CI −2.29 to −0.40], p = 0.005, I2 = 84%, random effects). Dexmedetomidine reduced the VAS score and decreased postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). No studies using dexmedetomidine reported serious adverse events. Conclusions: Using dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to nerve blocks in cancer surgery could lower the VAS pain score and prolong the regional anesthesia duration, which would lead to a decrease in total opioid consumption and possibly contribute to fewer PONV events. Furthermore, the reports of no serious adverse events indicate its good safety profile.

Introduction: The use of essential oils in aromatherapy is widespread. However, few studies have explored the effects of smoke from the evaporation of commonly used essential oils. While essential oils are promoted for various benefits, prolonged exposure to inhaled particles from essential oil smoke may pose potential health risks. This study aimed to examine the effects of essential oil vapors on mice. Methods: This was an experimental study investigating the effects of different treatments on lung immunohistopathology, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression, serum nitric oxide (NO) levels, and serum surfactant protein-D (SP-D) as an inflammation marker in mice. A total of 40 adult male Mus musculus mice (25–30 g) were randomly divided into four groups. Inflammation models were established by exposing the mice to a gas mixture containing vegetable glycerin, propylene glycol, and vitamin E acetate solution. Following inflammation induction, the mice received seven-day interventions with 0.9% NaCl solution, Eucalyptus globulus essential oil (EgEO), and citronella essential oil (CtEO), alongside an untreated inflammatory group. Results: The CtEO group intervention showed significant increases in eNOS expression (P=0.001) but no significant increase in NO compared to the other groups. The correlation analysis of eNOS expression in lung cells, serum NO, and SP-D levels was not significant, P>0.05 (p=0.160; p=0.115; p=0.234). Conclusion: Gas intervention containing 100% oxygen (O₂) and CtEO steam increased eNOS expression on the immunohistochemistry (IHC) examination of mice.

Predictions regarding damaged land access by a serial earthquake in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara in 2018, was the background of the Rumah Sakit Terapung Ksatria Airlangga (RSTKA), being sent. RSTKA is phinisi ship with an operating theatre and other healthcare facilities. The earthquake was not accompanied by a tsunami, so the dock was suitable to be used for leaning. The study analyzes patient data in RSTKA, and as an evaluation of field hospitals. This study used observational descriptive design. Obtained 1601 patients with disease distribution classified as trauma and non-trauma. A number of patients who came to RSTKA were volatile. The number of cases recorded was more than the number of patients because some patients had more than one health problem. Trauma cases recorded 121 cases (6.7%) while non-trauma 1679 cases (93.3%). Non-trauma cases have increased rapidly since the fourth day. The trauma case was dominated by soft tissue injury 57.02%. Non-trauma cases were dominated by non-infectious diseases with 919 cases (54.8%) and 760 cases of infection (45.2%). Infectious diseases were dominated by respiratory infections (437 cases) followed by gastrointestinal infections (239 cases). Humanity mission of RSTKA has succeeded in making meaningful contributions to disaster-affected communities in Lombok, especially in North Lombok District.