As most COVID-19 patients show mild to moderate symptoms; 15% suffer from severe respiratory symptoms, and 5% develop acute respiratory distress syndrome which may be associated with multiple organ failure. The highly virulent SARS-CoV-2 affects organs, other than lungs, such as brain, kidney, cardiovascular system and gastrointestinal tract. This review highlights the relation between SARS-CoV-2 and organ involvement. SARS-CoV-2 causes the cytokine storm and damage of the lung cells with activation of NF-κB, hence the damage may reach other organs that leads to death in some cases. The current review discusses the factors affecting COVID-19 severity including the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 with the associated cytokine storm, smoking, gender and blood group. This review discusses also genetic factors associated with severe COVID-19 cases, alongside with comorbid diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and obesity. Also, this review focuses on the effect of immunosuppressants and antirheumatic drugs on the protection and treatment of severe COVID-19 cases.

The objective of the present research was to enrich yogurt with amygdalin (vitamin B17) and increase the nutritional value of yogurt using apricot and a by-product of apricot fruit kernels. Amygdalin was considered an antibacterial, hepatic protecting, anti-tumor, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulant, anticancer, antiaging, antidiabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-angina, and antioxidant. Apricots that were mixed in a blinder for 3 min and filtered were used as a source of dietary fiber, lipids, proteins, minerals, and vitamins. Apricot kernels that were heated for 2 minutes at 120 ˚C. then cold and grind in a blender were used as a source of amygdalin (B17). Obtained results showed that the incorporation of apricot and apricot kernel is considerably impacted by the addition of apricot and apricot kernel 5% Apricot pulp + 1% Apricot kernel and 10% Apricot pulp + 2% Apricot kernel 1.42, 2,92 mg/100gm respectively.

The pharmaceutical industry increasingly prioritizes environmental sustainability across its strategies, focusing on developing eco-friendly anti-cancer treatments. This is particularly important considering many anti-cancer drugs are not fully metabolized and pollute aquatic ecosystems. Amygdalin, a plant-derived compound, and cell-free supernatants (CFS) of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus show promise as sustainable anti-cancer agents. This study evaluated the potential anti-cancer activity of amygdalin and L. rhamnosus CFS against MCF-7 and A549 cancer cell lines. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay in response to monotherapy and combination therapy treatments. The induction of apoptosis was investigated using flow cytometric analyses. The combination demonstrated a synergistic effect on MCF-7 and A549 cell lines, with a combination index (CI) value of 0.8159 ± 0.0245 and 0.6422 ± 0.0316, respectively. Further analysis using propidium iodide (PI) staining and Annexin V confirmed increased apoptosis in combination-treated cells compared to those treated with amygdalin alone. These findings suggest that the combination of amygdalin and CFS of L. rhamnosus exhibits a synergistic anti-cancer effect against MCF-7 and A549 cells. Therefore, this combination is considered sustainable, eco-friendly, and effective anti-cancer treatment. This is the first study to investigate the anti-cancer effect of amygdalin in combination with L. rhamnosus cell-free supernatant (CFS) while considering its potential for environmental sustainability. Further research in a xenograft animal model is warranted to validate these findings.

Mulberry is a plant that grows in temperate to subtropical climates. Mulberry leaves are economically feasible due to their historical importance in sericulture, so their production increases yearly, but the large output leads to a large percentage of residues. As a result, it was largely accumulated, creating controversial consequences, rather than being reintegrated into the manufacturing process for a new function. However, this residue in mulberry leaves naturally contains high levels of bioactive compounds, especially polyphenols. Mulberry leaves have a vital pharmaceutical potential role as antibacterial and antioxidant. Mulberry leaves have many health benefits, such as anticancer, antiviral, and anti-obesity etc. However, many extraction methods can benefit different uses as food innovation, leading to added-value products. So, the current review article provides a comprehensive discussion concerning extraction methods, metabolism, health effects such as Anticancer, Antidiabetic, Anti-obesity, Activity of anticonvulsant, Antiatherosclerosis, and SARS-CoV-2 inhibition, and various uses in the food industry.