Personal Computer Stormwater Management Model (PCSWMM) was applied to investigate: (1) hydrological responses in the Myponga catchment as a result of land use changes; and (2) the possibility of adopting Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) technologies (bio-retention cells) to manage resulting floods. Calibrated and validated models predicted the measured data with satisfactory accuracy and reliability. Different urbanization scenarios were tested. When the level of urbanization increased from 10% to 70%, mean discharge increased from 45% to 322%. Frequency of flood at 2-year Average Recurrence Interval (ARI) increased from 1 to 44 and frequency of floods at 100-year ARI increased from none to 8. At 70% urbanisation, trialled bio-retention facilities used as WSUD measures almost completely ameliorated 2-year ARI floods by reducing the frequency of such events from 44 to 2. Floods at smaller ARIs (2, 5, 10 and 20 years) were effectively managed by WSUD measures while floods at 50- and 100-year ARIs remained unchanged. The overall results improve understanding of the severity of the impacts of land use changes on the hydrology of a catchment and the ability of bio-retention cells to alleviate the risk of small to medium floods in the Myponga catchment.

Climate change is projected to affect the flow regime in urban waterways adversely. This study investigates the climate change impacts on the flow regime in the Lucas Creek catchment under three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs): RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. Flow Duration Curves (FDCs) and Indicators of Hydrological Alteration (IHA) methods are used to assess flow regime variations. Results of FDCs show a maximum rise of 370% in peak flow under RCP 4.5 however, low flow increases by 40%. Monthly streamflow increases up to 380% except for October and December. Similarly, the majority of the IHA parameters also show at least a 10% increase in their magnitudes under RCP 8.5. However, some parameters such as high pulse duration and rise rate decrease by 50% under RCP 4.5. The catchment would mainly suffer severe impact variations under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 in the future.

Background: HRCT chest has proven to be a helpful radiological modality to assess the course of disease. The main objective of the study was to analyze the pattern of lung involvement on HRCT chest among post-Covid patients. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the post Covid patients (30 days after discharge) from Nov 2020 to July 2021 in Sahiwal Teaching Hospital, Pakistan. Total 180 patients were selected through non probability consecutive sampling technique. Whole body Multi Slice CT scan 128 Slices by GE discovery was used to get HRCT of chest and to document various patterns and stages of pulmonary fibrosis in the post-COVID patients. The data was analyzed using the IBM SPSS 28.0.0 2021. Various radiological findings were expressed in percentages. Results: A total of 77.8% patients had bilateral lung involvement, while 22.2% had unilateral lung involvement after one month of disease. Ground Glass Haze was the commonest radiological pattern, found in 140 (77.8%) cases. Other radiological patterns were Air Space Opacification (47.2%), Septal Thickening (20%) and Fibrotic Bands (26.1%). Traction Bronchiectasis (10%) and Honey Combing (7.8%) were among the lesser ones reported. About 62% patients had mixed findings on HRCT Chest. Diagnosis of Organizing Pneumonia was made in 166 (92.22%) patients while 14 (7.78%) patients were labelled as UIP (Usual Interstitial Pneumonia) with honey-combing in HRCT chest. The involvement of Right Lower Lobe was in 165 (91.7%) of cases. Right Middle Lobe remained fairly spared and was seen in 120 (66.7%) cases. Conclusion: Patchy ground glass haze seen bilaterally in lower lung lobes are the commonest abnormalities in HRCT chest of post-COVID patients. Keywords: Covid-19, Pneumonia, Radiology