Hesperidin is a bioflavonoid constituent that among many other biological activities shows significant wound healing properties. However, the bioavailability of hesperidin when applied topically is limited due to its low solubility and systemic absorption, so novel dosage forms are needed to improve its therapeutic efficacy. The objectives of this study were to develop hesperidin-loaded lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (HLPHNs) to enhance the delivery of hesperidin to endogenous sites in the wound bed and promote the efficacy of hesperidin. HLPHNs were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) using the Box-Behnken design. HLPHNs were prepared using an emulsion-solvent evaporation method based on a double emulsion of water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) followed by freeze-drying to obtain nanoparticles. The prepared formulations were characterized using various evaluation parameters. In addition, the antioxidant activity of HLPHN 4 was investigated in vitro using the DPPH model. Seventeen different HLPHNs were prepared and the HLPHN4 exhibited the best mean particle size distribution, zeta potential, drug release and entrapment efficiency. The values are 91.43 nm, +23 mV, 79.97% and 92.8%, respectively. Transmission electron microscope showed similar spherical morphology as HLPHN4. Differential scanning calorimetry verified the physical stability of the loaded drug in a hybrid system. In vitro release studies showed uniform release of the drug over 24 h. HLPHN4 showed potent antioxidant activity in vitro in the DPPH model. The results of this study suggest that HLPHNs can achieve sustained release of the drug at the wound site and exhibit potent in vitro antioxidant activity.

Intranasal administration is among the most effective alternatives to deliver drugs directly to the brain and prevent first-pass metabolism. Venlafaxine-loaded liposomes are biocompatible carriers that enhance transport qualities over the nasal mucosa. This research aimed to develop, formulate, characterize, and observe the prepared formulation. The formulation was developed using the thin-film hydration technique. The response surface plot interrelationship between three independent variables are lipid, cholesterol and polymer and four dependent variables such as particle size, percentage entrapment efficiency, and percentage drug release were ascertained using the Box-Behnken design. The drug-release chitosan-coated liposomes were reported to have a particle size distribution, entanglement efficiency, and 84%, respectively, of 191 ± 34.71 nm, 94 ± 2.71% and 94 ± 2.71%. According to in vitro investigations, liposomes as a delivery system for the nasal route provided a more sustained drug release than the oral dosing form. The intranasal administration of venlafaxine liposomal vesicles effectively enhanced the absolute bioavailability, retention time, and brain delivery of venlafaxine.

Background and Objectives To develop lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles by optimization techniques that is pioneering drug delivery systems of ciprofloxacin for using topical infection. Material and Method The formulation mainly prepared by a biodegradable eco-friendly and bioacceptable polymer of chitosan, lipid soya lecithin and can incorporate in the gel using carbopol solvent evaporation method. The experimental factorial design is 3D level of quadratic model is used to optimize the formulation at different ratio. Results The determination of percentage drug entrapment efficiency, particle-size diameter and % loading capacity was studied. The optimized LPHNPs have particle size of 204.47 nm, loading efficiency of 74.49% and zeta potential of -4.56 mV was found. Ciprofloxacin released about 80% for 24 hours in vitro. Conclusion In current research, it can be concluded that the relative bioavailability of the drug in LPHNPs was significantly increased and used for the treatment of topical skin infection.

Real-time black carbon (BC) and fine particulate matter (PM) were collected from January to December 2017 with a portable Aethalometer and air sampler in the urban environment of Jamshedpur, India. In the present study, the diurnal and seasonal variations of BC and meteorological variables were analysed. The diurnal variation of BC ranged from 2.1 to 15.5 gm-3, with the lowest concentration during the monsoon season and the highest during the winter season, because in monsoon most of the BC and PM are settled down. The annual mean BC mass concentration was observed at 6.22 ± 3.95 µgm⁻³. While, fine PM_2.5 varied from 41.6 to 260.3 µgm-3, with an annual mean of 97.49 ± 63.52 µgm⁻³. During monsoon, the BC mass concentration shows a value of ˂ 3 µgm⁻³. Additionally, the percentage contribution of BC in PM_2.5 was determined to be around 5.06% (winter), 6.32% (summer), 5.20% (monsoon), and 7.21% (post-monsoon). The change in BC concerning different meteorological parameters was systematically studied, in which an exciting inverse relationship was noticed between BC concentration and temperature. The correlation between BC and wind speed was also established as a negative connection during study periods. It also observed a negative correlation with precipitation. Finally, the air back trajectory was analysed using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT), which revealed that the essential campaign of aerosol-bounded air parcels was mostly coming from the western part of India, with some marine air masses also joining from the Bay of Bengal during summer and post-monsoon. Overall study shows that highest BC and PM_2.5 was observed in the winter season because of mixed layer height (MLH).

Wounds are physical injuries that result in an opening or break of the skin, the proper healing of wounds is essential for the restoration of disrupted anatomical continuity and disturbed functional status of the skin. Healing is complex and initiated in response to an injury that restores the function and integrity of damaged tissues. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for dermal application can provide enhanced skin permeation. Naringenin belongs to the flavanone class of flavanoids and is abundantly present in citrus fruits. It has therapeutic interventions as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer agents. But some drawbacks include poor solubility, fast metabolism and inadequate bioavailabilityhinder the application of flavanoids, which can be addressed through increased absorption, solubility and stability.The present study was aimed at formulating naringenin-loaded NLCs for reducing the skin irritation potential, increasing the drug loading capacity and prolonging the duration of action. Naringenin-loaded NLCs were prepared by hot melt microemulsion and hot melt probe sonication methods.The properties of the optimized NLCs such as morphology, size, Zeta potential, stability and Invitro drug release were investigated. Naringenin-loadedNLCs showed a sustained release pattern tested and were found to follow the Higuchi model of drug release. Stability studies indicated that the formulations stored at refrigeration and room temperature showed no noticeable differences in the drug content and release profilesIn vitro, after a period of 4 weeks. The results showed that the irritation potential of Naringenin was reduced, the drug loading was increased and the drug release was prolonged by the incorporationof naringenin into the NLCs.