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Phytoplasmas (Mollicutes, Acholeplasmataceae), vector‐borne obligate bacterial plant parasites, infect nearly 1,000 plant species and unknown numbers of insects, mainly leafhoppers (Hemiptera, Deltocephalinae), which play a key role in transmission and epidemiology. Although the plant–phytoplasma–insect association has been evolving for >300 million years, nearly all known phytoplasmas have been discovered as a result of the damage inflicted by phytoplasma diseases on crops. Few efforts have been made to study phytoplasmas occurring in noneconomically important plants in natural habitats. In this study, a subsample of leafhopper specimens preserved in a large museum biorepository was analyzed to unveil potential new associations. PCR screening for phytoplasmas performed on 227 phloem‐feeding leafhoppers collected worldwide from natural habitats revealed the presence of 6 different previously unknown phytoplasma strains. This indicates that museum collections of herbivorous insects represent a rich and largely untapped resource for discovery of new plant pathogens, that natural areas worldwide harbor a diverse but largely undiscovered diversity of phytoplasmas and potential insect vectors, and that independent epidemiological cycles occur in such habitats, posing a potential threat of disease spillover into agricultural systems. Larger‐scale future investigations will contribute to a better understanding of phytoplasma genetic diversity, insect host range, and insect‐borne phytoplasma transmission and provide an early warning for the emergence of new phytoplasma diseases across global agroecosystems.
Valeria Trivellone; Wei Wei; Luisa Filippin; Christopher H. Dietrich. Screening potential insect vectors in a museum biorepository reveals undiscovered diversity of plant pathogens in natural areas. Ecology and Evolution 2021, 11, 6493 -6503.
AMA StyleValeria Trivellone, Wei Wei, Luisa Filippin, Christopher H. Dietrich. Screening potential insect vectors in a museum biorepository reveals undiscovered diversity of plant pathogens in natural areas. Ecology and Evolution. 2021; 11 (11):6493-6503.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValeria Trivellone; Wei Wei; Luisa Filippin; Christopher H. Dietrich. 2021. "Screening potential insect vectors in a museum biorepository reveals undiscovered diversity of plant pathogens in natural areas." Ecology and Evolution 11, no. 11: 6493-6503.
Phytoplasmas are obligate transkingdom bacterial parasites that infect a variety of plant species and replicate in phloem-feeding insects in the order Hemiptera, mainly leafhoppers (Cicadellidae). The insect capacity in acquisition, transmission, survival, and host range directly determines the epidemiology of phytoplasmas. However, due to the difficulty of insect sampling and the lack of follow-up transmission trials, the confirmed phytoplasma insect hosts are still limited compared with the identified plant hosts. Recently, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based quick screening of 227 leafhoppers collected in natural habitats unveiled the presence of previously unknown phytoplasmas in six samples. In the present study, 76 leafhoppers, including the six prescreened positive samples, were further examined to identify and characterize the phytoplasma strains by semi-nested PCR. A total of ten phytoplasma strains were identified in leafhoppers from four countries including South Africa, Kyrgyzstan, Australia, and China. Based on virtual restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, these ten phytoplasma strains were classified into four distinct ribosomal (16Sr) groups (16SrI, 16SrIII, 16SrXIV, and 16SrXV), representing five new subgroups (16SrI-AO, 16SrXIV-D, 16SrXIV-E, 16SrXIV-F, and 16SrXV-C). The results strongly suggest that the newly identified phytoplasma strains not only represent new genetic subgroup lineages, but also extend previously undiscovered geographical distributions. In addition, ten phytoplasma-harboring leafhoppers belonged to seven known leafhopper species, none of which were previously reported insect vectors of phytoplasmas. The findings from this study provide fresh insight into genetic diversity, geographical distribution, and insect host range of phytoplasmas. Further transmission trials and screening of new potential host plants and weed reservoirs in areas adjacent to collection sites of phytoplasma harboring leafhoppers will contribute to a better understanding of phytoplasma transmission and epidemiology.
Wei Wei; Valeria Trivellone; Christopher Dietrich; Yan Zhao; Kristi Bottner-Parker; Algirdas Ivanauskas. Identification of Phytoplasmas Representing Multiple New Genetic Lineages from Phloem-Feeding Leafhoppers Highlights the Diversity of Phytoplasmas and Their Potential Vectors. Pathogens 2021, 10, 352 .
AMA StyleWei Wei, Valeria Trivellone, Christopher Dietrich, Yan Zhao, Kristi Bottner-Parker, Algirdas Ivanauskas. Identification of Phytoplasmas Representing Multiple New Genetic Lineages from Phloem-Feeding Leafhoppers Highlights the Diversity of Phytoplasmas and Their Potential Vectors. Pathogens. 2021; 10 (3):352.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei Wei; Valeria Trivellone; Christopher Dietrich; Yan Zhao; Kristi Bottner-Parker; Algirdas Ivanauskas. 2021. "Identification of Phytoplasmas Representing Multiple New Genetic Lineages from Phloem-Feeding Leafhoppers Highlights the Diversity of Phytoplasmas and Their Potential Vectors." Pathogens 10, no. 3: 352.
Phytoplasmas (Mollicutes, Acholeplasmataceae), vector-borne obligate bacterial plant-parasites, infect nearly 1,000 plant species and unknown numbers of insects, mainly leafhoppers (Hemiptera, Deltocephalinae), which play a key role in transmission and epidemiology. Although the plant-phytoplasma-insect association has been evolving for >300 million years, nearly all known phytoplasmas have been discovered as a result of the damage inflicted by phytoplasma diseases on crops. Few efforts have been made to study phytoplasmas occurring in non-economically important plants in natural habitats. In this study, a sub-sample of leafhopper specimens preserved in a large museum biorepository was analyzed to unveil potential new associations. PCR screening for phytoplasmas performed on 227 phloem-feeding leafhoppers collected worldwide from natural habitats revealed the presence of 6 different previously unknown phytoplasma strains. This indicates that museum collections of herbivorous insects represent a rich and largely untapped resource for discovery of new plant pathogens, that natural areas worldwide harbor a diverse but largely undiscovered diversity of phytoplasmas and potential insect vectors, and that independent epidemiological cycles occur in such habitats, posing a potential threat of disease spillover into agricultural systems. Larger-scale future investigations will contribute to a better understanding of phytoplasma genetic diversity, insect host range, and insect-borne phytoplasma transmission and provide an early warning for the emergence of new phytoplasma diseases across global agroecosystems.
Valeria Trivellone; Wei Wei; Luisa Filippin; Christopher Dietrich. Screening potential insect vectors in a museum biorepository reveals undiscovered diversity of plant pathogens in natural areas. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleValeria Trivellone, Wei Wei, Luisa Filippin, Christopher Dietrich. Screening potential insect vectors in a museum biorepository reveals undiscovered diversity of plant pathogens in natural areas. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValeria Trivellone; Wei Wei; Luisa Filippin; Christopher Dietrich. 2021. "Screening potential insect vectors in a museum biorepository reveals undiscovered diversity of plant pathogens in natural areas." , no. : 1.
Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) increasingly threaten global food security and public health. Despite technological breakthroughs, we are losing the battle with (re)emerging diseases as treatment costs and production losses rise. A horizon scan of diseases of crops, livestock, seafood and food‐borne illness suggests these costs are unsustainable. The paradigm of coevolution between pathogens and particular hosts teaches that emerging diseases occur only when pathogens evolve specific capacities that allow them to move to new hosts. EIDs ought to be rare and unpredictable, so crisis response is the best we can do. Alternatively, the Stockholm Paradigm suggests that the world is full of susceptible but unexposed hosts that pathogens could infect, given the opportunity. Global climate change, globalized trade and travel, urbanization and land‐use changes (often associated with biodiversity loss) increase those opportunities, making EID frequent. We can, however, anticipate their arrival in new locations and their behaviour once they have arrived. We can ‘find them before they find us’, mitigating their impacts. The DAMA (Document, Assess, Monitor, Act) protocol alters the current reactive stance and embodies proactive solutions to anticipate and mitigate the impacts of EID, extending human and material resources and buying time for development of new vaccinations, medications and control measures.
Daniel R. Brooks; Eric P. Hoberg; Walter A. Boeger; Valeria Trivellone. Emerging infectious disease: An underappreciated area of strategic concern for food security. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleDaniel R. Brooks, Eric P. Hoberg, Walter A. Boeger, Valeria Trivellone. Emerging infectious disease: An underappreciated area of strategic concern for food security. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel R. Brooks; Eric P. Hoberg; Walter A. Boeger; Valeria Trivellone. 2021. "Emerging infectious disease: An underappreciated area of strategic concern for food security." Transboundary and Emerging Diseases , no. : 1.
The association between insect herbivores and vascular plants represents one of the greatest success stories in terrestrial evolution. Specific mechanisms generating diversity in the association remain poorly understood, but it has become increasingly clear that microbes play important roles in mediating plant–insect interactions. Previous research on phytoplasmas (Acholeplasmatales: Acholeplasmataceae), a diverse group of plant-pathogenic bacteria, and their hemipteran insect vectors suggests that this system provides a new model for understanding how interactions among distantly related but ecologically associated groups of organisms can drive evolutionary diversification. Phytoplasma infections affect the phenotypes of both plants and vectors, altering functional traits (e.g., diet breadth) and mediating host shifts which may, in turn, alter genetic and phylogenetic patterns. This review highlights previous research on the functional ecology and phylogenetic components of phytoplasma-plant-vector (PPV) associations relevant to the evolutionary diversification of this system. Although phytoplasmas and their hosts occur in most terrestrial biomes and have evolved together over the past 300+ million years, major gaps in knowledge of PPV associations remain because most prior research on the system focused on strategies for mitigating effects of phytoplasma diseases in agroecosystems. Study of this system within a broader evolutionary context could help elucidate mechanisms by which interactions between insect herbivores, microbes, and plants drive biological diversification and also help predict the emergence of diseases affecting agriculture. Future research should more thoroughly document PPV associations in natural habitats, examine the relative prevalence of cospeciation versus host shifts in this system, and test possible macroevolutionary consequences of host manipulation by phytoplasmas.
V Trivellone; C H Dietrich. Evolutionary Diversification in Insect Vector–Phytoplasma–Plant Associations. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 2020, 114, 137 -150.
AMA StyleV Trivellone, C H Dietrich. Evolutionary Diversification in Insect Vector–Phytoplasma–Plant Associations. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 2020; 114 (2):137-150.
Chicago/Turabian StyleV Trivellone; C H Dietrich. 2020. "Evolutionary Diversification in Insect Vector–Phytoplasma–Plant Associations." Annals of the Entomological Society of America 114, no. 2: 137-150.
(1) The management of agricultural landscapes for pest suppression requires a thorough understanding of multiple determinants controlling their presence. We investigated the ecological preferences of indigenous parasitoids and their drosophilid hosts to understand the role of native parasitoids as biological control agents of the invasive frugivorous Drosophila suzukii. (2) Using data from an extensive field survey across different habitat types we analyzed the influence of abiotic and biotic factors on parasitoid and drosophilid communities at multiscale levels. (3) Eight parasitoid and 27 drosophilid species were identified. Thirty-four percent variation in drosophilid communities was explained by factors at the landscape scale, and 52% of significant variation of parasitoids by local distribution of three drosophilid species, mainly collected in woodland. Parasitoid communities were significantly influenced by microhabitat type (ground versus canopy) rather than habitat type. All parasitoids except Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae preferred the ground microhabitat. All parasitoids, with the exception of Trichopria drosophilae and Spalangia erythromera, displayed significant preferences among the drosophilid species used in the baited traps. (4) Since they can tolerate a broad range of habitat factors, altogether pupal parasitoids investigated in this study could play a role in biological control programs to suppress D. suzukii, but non-target effects have to be regarded.
Valeria Trivellone; Michela Meier; Corrado Cara; Lucia Pollini Paltrinieri; Felix Gugerli; Marco Moretti; Sarah Wolf; Jana Collatz. Multiscale Determinants Drive Parasitization of Drosophilidae by Hymenopteran Parasitoids in Agricultural Landscapes. Insects 2020, 11, 1 .
AMA StyleValeria Trivellone, Michela Meier, Corrado Cara, Lucia Pollini Paltrinieri, Felix Gugerli, Marco Moretti, Sarah Wolf, Jana Collatz. Multiscale Determinants Drive Parasitization of Drosophilidae by Hymenopteran Parasitoids in Agricultural Landscapes. Insects. 2020; 11 (6):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValeria Trivellone; Michela Meier; Corrado Cara; Lucia Pollini Paltrinieri; Felix Gugerli; Marco Moretti; Sarah Wolf; Jana Collatz. 2020. "Multiscale Determinants Drive Parasitization of Drosophilidae by Hymenopteran Parasitoids in Agricultural Landscapes." Insects 11, no. 6: 1.
The first comprehensive timetree is presented for phytoplasmas, a diverse group of obligate intracellular bacteria restricted to phloem sieve elements of vascular plants and tissues of their hemipteran insect vectors. Maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequence data from the 16S rRNA and methionine aminopeptidase (map) genes yielded well resolved estimates of phylogenetic relationships among major phytoplasma lineages, 16Sr groups and known strains of phytoplasmas. Age estimates for divergences among two major lineages of Mollicutes based on a previous comprehensive bacterial timetree were used to calibrate an initial 16S timetree. A separate timetree was estimated based on the more rapidly-evolving map gene, with an internal calibration based on a recent divergence within two related 16Sr phytoplasma subgroups in group 16SrV thought to have been driven by the introduction of the North American leafhopper vector Scaphoideus titanus Ball into Europe during the early part of the 20th century. Combining the resulting divergence time estimates into a final 16S timetree suggests that evolutionary rates have remained relatively constant overall through the evolution of phytoplasmas and that the origin of this lineage, at ~641 million years ago (Ma), preceded the origin of land plants and hemipteran insects. Nevertheless, the crown group of phytoplasmas is estimated to have begun diversifying ~316 Ma, roughly coinciding with the origin of seed plants and Hemiptera. Some phytoplasma groups apparently associated with particular plant families or insect vector lineages generally arose more recently than their respective hosts and vectors, suggesting that vector-mediated host shifts have been an important mechanism in the evolutionary diversification of phytoplasmas. Further progress in understanding macroevolutionary patterns in phytoplasmas is hindered by large gaps in knowledge of the identity of competent vectors and lack of data on phytoplasma associations with non-economically important plants.
Yanghui Cao; Valeria Trivellone; Christopher H. Dietrich. A timetree for phytoplasmas (Mollicutes) with new insights on patterns of evolution and diversification. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 2020, 149, 106826 .
AMA StyleYanghui Cao, Valeria Trivellone, Christopher H. Dietrich. A timetree for phytoplasmas (Mollicutes) with new insights on patterns of evolution and diversification. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2020; 149 ():106826.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYanghui Cao; Valeria Trivellone; Christopher H. Dietrich. 2020. "A timetree for phytoplasmas (Mollicutes) with new insights on patterns of evolution and diversification." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 149, no. : 106826.
Aiming to reduce the losses of biodiversity and the degradation of associated ecosystem services, the United Nations established the 2011-2020 period as the UN Decade on Biodiversity. During this period, the countries involved compromised on implementing the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity, including the Aichi Biodiversity Targets. The argument is that biological diversity underpins the functioning of ecosystems and the provision of services essential to human well-being, further contributing to economic development and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. The purpose of this review is to present results of research and academic works carried out over several years in the Douro Demarcated Region in the field of functional agrobiodiversity, understood as the part of ecosystem biodiversity that provides ecosystem services, which support sustainable agricultural production and can also bring benefits to the regional and global environment and to society as a whole. Such studies specifically aimed to contribute knowledge about the diversity of arthropods in the vineyard ecosystem and about practices that can increase their abundance, diversity and services provided. In this context, a general characterization of the arthropod community identified in the vineyard ecosystem is conducted, complemented by information on the role played, by the taxonomic groups identified. The importance of increasing arthropod populations, the vegetation of vineyard slopes, and the existence of shrubs, forests and hedgerows next to the vineyards is discussed. The fundamental role of soil management practices is also referred, namely that of ground cover and the application of compost from winery wastes in the abundance and diversity of these organisms populations. Finally, bearing in mind the importance of the use of this information by vine growers, the measures taken for its dissemination are also presented.
Fátima Gonçalves; Cristina Carlos; António L. Crespí; Claire Villemant; Valeria Trivellone; Marta Goula; Roberto Canovai; Vera Zina; Luís Crespo; Lara Pinheiro; Andrea Lucchi; Bruno Bagnoli; Irene Oliveira; Rui Pinto; Laura Torres. The functional agrobiodiversity in the Douro demarcated region viticulture: utopia or reality? Arthropods as a case-study – A review. Ciência e Técnica Vitivinícola 2019, 34, 102 -114.
AMA StyleFátima Gonçalves, Cristina Carlos, António L. Crespí, Claire Villemant, Valeria Trivellone, Marta Goula, Roberto Canovai, Vera Zina, Luís Crespo, Lara Pinheiro, Andrea Lucchi, Bruno Bagnoli, Irene Oliveira, Rui Pinto, Laura Torres. The functional agrobiodiversity in the Douro demarcated region viticulture: utopia or reality? Arthropods as a case-study – A review. Ciência e Técnica Vitivinícola. 2019; 34 (2):102-114.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFátima Gonçalves; Cristina Carlos; António L. Crespí; Claire Villemant; Valeria Trivellone; Marta Goula; Roberto Canovai; Vera Zina; Luís Crespo; Lara Pinheiro; Andrea Lucchi; Bruno Bagnoli; Irene Oliveira; Rui Pinto; Laura Torres. 2019. "The functional agrobiodiversity in the Douro demarcated region viticulture: utopia or reality? Arthropods as a case-study – A review." Ciência e Técnica Vitivinícola 34, no. 2: 102-114.
In this study, binding between the immunodominant membrane protein Imp of the 16SrV-D phytoplasma associated with Flavescence dorée disease (FD-Dp) and insect proteins of vectors and non-vectors of FD-Dp was tested. Six Auchenorrhyncha species, from distantly related groups were selected: Scaphoideus titanus, Euscelidius variegatus, Macrosteles quadripunctulatus, Zyginidia pullula (Cicadomorpha), Ricania speculum and Metcalfa pruinosa (Fulgoromorpha). The vector status of each species was retrieved from the literature or determined by transmission trials in this study. A His-tagged partial Imp protein and a rabbit polyclonal antibody were synthesized and used for Western and Far-Western dot Blot (FWdB) experiments. Total native and membrane proteins (MP) were extracted from entire bodies and organs (gut and salivary glands) of each insect species. FWdB showed decreasing interaction intensities of Imp fusion protein with total proteins from entire bodies of S. titanus, E. variegatus (competent vectors) and M. quadripunctulatus (non-vector), while no interaction signal was detected with the other three species (non-vectors). A strong signal detected upon interaction of FD-D Imp and MP from guts of closely related insects supports the role of this organ as the first barrier to ensure successful transmission. Our results showed that specific Imp binding, correlated with vector status, is involved in interactions between FD-Dp and insect proteins. Integrating knowledge on host-pathogen protein-protein interactions and on insect phylogeny would help to identify the actual range of vectors of phytoplasma strains of economic importance.
V. Trivellone; M. Ripamonti; E. Angelini; L. Filippin; Marika Rossi; C. Marzachí; L. Galetto. Evidence suggesting interactions between immunodominant membrane protein Imp of Flavescence dorée phytoplasma and protein extracts from distantly related insect species. Journal of Applied Microbiology 2019, 127, 1801 -1813.
AMA StyleV. Trivellone, M. Ripamonti, E. Angelini, L. Filippin, Marika Rossi, C. Marzachí, L. Galetto. Evidence suggesting interactions between immunodominant membrane protein Imp of Flavescence dorée phytoplasma and protein extracts from distantly related insect species. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2019; 127 (6):1801-1813.
Chicago/Turabian StyleV. Trivellone; M. Ripamonti; E. Angelini; L. Filippin; Marika Rossi; C. Marzachí; L. Galetto. 2019. "Evidence suggesting interactions between immunodominant membrane protein Imp of Flavescence dorée phytoplasma and protein extracts from distantly related insect species." Journal of Applied Microbiology 127, no. 6: 1801-1813.
The development of reliable evaluation schemes is essential to assess the status of biodiversity, particularly under the current scenario of biodiversity loss across agroecosystems. In these areas, ecological infrastructures contribute heavily to enhance biodiversity and underlying services, and their contribution depends on their ecological quality. Based on the questionnaire by Boller et al. (2004) for temperate areas, we propose a reliable tool for evaluating the ecological quality of woodland patches, hedges and grass strips associated with Mediterranean agroecosystems (simplified questionnaire). Since management practices and organism composition vary across geographical regions, the implementation of evaluation tools adapted to other geographical regions is deemed necessary. The development of the simplified questionnaire followed a five-steps' approach: (i) application of the Boller's questionnaire in the field; (ii) Boller's questionnaire adaptation; (iii) development of the simplified questionnaire through the assessment and simplification of Boller's questionnaire; (iv) evaluation of the simplified questionnaire effectiveness; (v) proposal of plant indicator species associated to the different quality levels obtained from applying the simplified questionnaire as an additional tool for quality assessment that complements such questionnaire. A total of 482 ecological infrastructures were evaluated in La Rioja (Spain) using the Boller's questionnaire, and their vegetation assessed by inventorying their floristic composition. We analyzed the relationship between plant species richness, as a proxy of the overall biodiversity, and the different items included in the Boller's questionnaire. According to these results, a new questionnaire was proposed, in which only variables significantly related to plant species richness were included. Our results showed that the quality groups established when applying our simplified questionnaire were more consistent than those obtained when using the Boller's questionnaire. Overall, 35 plant species resulted as significant indicators for the four levels of quality obtained from applying the simplified questionnaire. We point out that the assessment tool based on simplified questionnaire is straightforward and easy to apply by both experts and non-experts. We also propose the simplified questionnaire development procedure as a guide to create evaluation questionnaires adapted to other ecological infrastructure types.
Natalia Rosas-Ramos; Laura Baños-Picón; Valeria Trivellone; Marco Moretti; José Tormos; Josep D. Asís. Ecological infrastructures across Mediterranean agroecosystems: Towards an effective tool for evaluating their ecological quality. Agricultural Systems 2019, 173, 355 -363.
AMA StyleNatalia Rosas-Ramos, Laura Baños-Picón, Valeria Trivellone, Marco Moretti, José Tormos, Josep D. Asís. Ecological infrastructures across Mediterranean agroecosystems: Towards an effective tool for evaluating their ecological quality. Agricultural Systems. 2019; 173 ():355-363.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNatalia Rosas-Ramos; Laura Baños-Picón; Valeria Trivellone; Marco Moretti; José Tormos; Josep D. Asís. 2019. "Ecological infrastructures across Mediterranean agroecosystems: Towards an effective tool for evaluating their ecological quality." Agricultural Systems 173, no. : 355-363.
Leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) have long been known to transmit a number of plant pathogens, although the elucidation of the vector-host plant-pathogen relationships are far from well-defined and irrefutable. Due to their small size, the phloem-limited bacterial pathogens in the taxon ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’ were only visualized some 50 years ago. They are difficult to culture, hence their relationships with both their insect vectors and host plants present an ongoing scientific struggle. Precise phylogenetic knowledge of the vector and bacteria may eventually allow the prediction of potential vector-phytoplasma associations. As leafhoppers are poikilothermic, abiotic factors figure strongly in the development of both the insect host and the bacteria within, which in turn affects pathogen transmission. As a group, their life cycle is varied from univoltine to multivoltine and monophagous to polyphagous, and their phytoplasma-associations are equally varied. Furthermore, adult leafhoppers are strong flying insects and some have been documented to move thousands of kilometers. When aided by human conveyance, both the vectors and the pathogens have been transported among continents. In this chapter all these interactions are explored.
Phyllis G. Weintraub; Valeria Trivellone; Kerstin Krüger. The Biology and Ecology of Leafhopper Transmission of Phytoplasmas. Phytoplasmas: Plant Pathogenic Bacteria - II 2019, 27 -51.
AMA StylePhyllis G. Weintraub, Valeria Trivellone, Kerstin Krüger. The Biology and Ecology of Leafhopper Transmission of Phytoplasmas. Phytoplasmas: Plant Pathogenic Bacteria - II. 2019; ():27-51.
Chicago/Turabian StylePhyllis G. Weintraub; Valeria Trivellone; Kerstin Krüger. 2019. "The Biology and Ecology of Leafhopper Transmission of Phytoplasmas." Phytoplasmas: Plant Pathogenic Bacteria - II , no. : 27-51.
Phytoplasmas are phloem-limited plant pathogenic bacteria in the class Mollicutes transmitted by sap-feeding insect vectors of the Order Hemiptera. Vectors still have not yet been identified for about half of the 33 known phytoplasma groups and this has greatly hindered efforts to control the spread of diseases affecting important crops. Extensive gaps of knowledge on actual phytoplasma vectors and on the plant disease epidemiology prevent our understanding of the basic underlying biological mechanisms that facilitate interactions between insects, phytoplasmas and their host plants.This paper presents a complete online database of Hemiptera-Phytoplasma-Plant (HPP) biological interactions worldwide, searchable via an online interface. The raw data are available through Zenodo at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2532738. The online database search interface was created using the 3I software (Dmitriev 2006) which enhances data usability by providing a customised web interface (http://trivellone.speciesfile.org/) that provides an overview of the recorded biological interactions and ability to discover particular interactions by searching for one or more phytoplasma, insect or plant taxa. The database will facilitate synthesis of all available and relevant data on the observed associations between phytoplasmas and their insect and plant hosts and will provide useful data to generate and test ecological and evolutionary hypotheses.
Valeria Trivellone. An online global database of Hemiptera -Phytoplasma-Plant biological interactions. Biodiversity Data Journal 2019, 7, e32910 .
AMA StyleValeria Trivellone. An online global database of Hemiptera -Phytoplasma-Plant biological interactions. Biodiversity Data Journal. 2019; 7 ():e32910.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValeria Trivellone. 2019. "An online global database of Hemiptera -Phytoplasma-Plant biological interactions." Biodiversity Data Journal 7, no. : e32910.
Valeria Trivellone; Matteo Ripamonti; Elisa Angelini; Luisa Filippin; Marika Rossi; Cristina Marzachí; Luciana Galetto. Role of membrane protein Imp of “flavescence dorée” phytoplasma in interaction with insect proteins: preliminary results. Phytopathogenic Mollicutes 2019, 9, 121 .
AMA StyleValeria Trivellone, Matteo Ripamonti, Elisa Angelini, Luisa Filippin, Marika Rossi, Cristina Marzachí, Luciana Galetto. Role of membrane protein Imp of “flavescence dorée” phytoplasma in interaction with insect proteins: preliminary results. Phytopathogenic Mollicutes. 2019; 9 (1):121.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValeria Trivellone; Matteo Ripamonti; Elisa Angelini; Luisa Filippin; Marika Rossi; Cristina Marzachí; Luciana Galetto. 2019. "Role of membrane protein Imp of “flavescence dorée” phytoplasma in interaction with insect proteins: preliminary results." Phytopathogenic Mollicutes 9, no. 1: 121.
Milana Mitrovic; Valeria Trivellone; Tatjana Cvrkovic; Miljana Jakovljevic; Oliver Krstic; Jelena Jovic; Ivo Toševski. Experimental and molecular evidence of Neoaliturus fenestratus role in the transmission of “stolbur” phytoplasma to lettuce and carrot plants. Phytopathogenic Mollicutes 2019, 9, 109 .
AMA StyleMilana Mitrovic, Valeria Trivellone, Tatjana Cvrkovic, Miljana Jakovljevic, Oliver Krstic, Jelena Jovic, Ivo Toševski. Experimental and molecular evidence of Neoaliturus fenestratus role in the transmission of “stolbur” phytoplasma to lettuce and carrot plants. Phytopathogenic Mollicutes. 2019; 9 (1):109.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMilana Mitrovic; Valeria Trivellone; Tatjana Cvrkovic; Miljana Jakovljevic; Oliver Krstic; Jelena Jovic; Ivo Toševski. 2019. "Experimental and molecular evidence of Neoaliturus fenestratus role in the transmission of “stolbur” phytoplasma to lettuce and carrot plants." Phytopathogenic Mollicutes 9, no. 1: 109.
Valeria Trivellone; Yanghui Cao; Christopher H. Dietrich. The timetree of phytoplasmas reveals new insights into the relationships with their insect and plant hosts. Phytopathogenic Mollicutes 2019, 9, 239 .
AMA StyleValeria Trivellone, Yanghui Cao, Christopher H. Dietrich. The timetree of phytoplasmas reveals new insights into the relationships with their insect and plant hosts. Phytopathogenic Mollicutes. 2019; 9 (1):239.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValeria Trivellone; Yanghui Cao; Christopher H. Dietrich. 2019. "The timetree of phytoplasmas reveals new insights into the relationships with their insect and plant hosts." Phytopathogenic Mollicutes 9, no. 1: 239.
Valeria Trivellone; Cesar O. Flores Garcia. Network analyses of a global Hemiptera-phytoplasma-plant biological interactions database. PHYTOPATHOGENIC MOLLICUTES 2019, 9, 35 .
AMA StyleValeria Trivellone, Cesar O. Flores Garcia. Network analyses of a global Hemiptera-phytoplasma-plant biological interactions database. PHYTOPATHOGENIC MOLLICUTES. 2019; 9 (1):35.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValeria Trivellone; Cesar O. Flores Garcia. 2019. "Network analyses of a global Hemiptera-phytoplasma-plant biological interactions database." PHYTOPATHOGENIC MOLLICUTES 9, no. 1: 35.
Luisa Filippin; Valeria Trivellone; Luciana Galetto; Cristina Marzachí; Vito Elicio; Elisa Angelini. Development of an anti-Imp serological assay for the detection of “flavescence dorée” phytoplasmas in grapevine, insect vectors and host plants. Phytopathogenic Mollicutes 2019, 9, 75 .
AMA StyleLuisa Filippin, Valeria Trivellone, Luciana Galetto, Cristina Marzachí, Vito Elicio, Elisa Angelini. Development of an anti-Imp serological assay for the detection of “flavescence dorée” phytoplasmas in grapevine, insect vectors and host plants. Phytopathogenic Mollicutes. 2019; 9 (1):75.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuisa Filippin; Valeria Trivellone; Luciana Galetto; Cristina Marzachí; Vito Elicio; Elisa Angelini. 2019. "Development of an anti-Imp serological assay for the detection of “flavescence dorée” phytoplasmas in grapevine, insect vectors and host plants." Phytopathogenic Mollicutes 9, no. 1: 75.
Compilation and retrieval of reliable data on biological interactions is one of the critical bottlenecks affecting efficiency and statistical power in testing ecological theories. TaxonWorks, a web-based workbench, can facilitate such research by enabling the digitization of complex biological interactions involving multiple species, individuals, and trophic levels. These data can be further organized into spatial and temporal axes, and annotated at the level of individual or grouped interactions (e.g. singularly citing the combined elements of a tritrophic interaction). The simple, customizable nature of tools ultimately reduces the time-consuming steps of data gathering, cleaning, and formatting of datasets for subsequent exploration and analysis while also improving the asserted semantics. An example use case is provided with a dataset of associations among plants, pathogens and insect vectors. The curated data are accessed through the JSON serving TaxonWorks API (Application Programming Interface) by an R package. Analysis and visualization of the network graphs persisted in TaxonWorks is demonstrated using core R functionality and the igraph package (Csardi and Nepusz 2006). TaxonWorks is open-source, collaboratively built software available at http://taxonworks.org.
Valeria Trivellone; Christopher H. Dietrich; Dmitry Dmitriev; Matthew Yoder. TaxonWorks: A Use Case in Documenting Complex Biological Relationships. Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2018, 2, e25723 .
AMA StyleValeria Trivellone, Christopher H. Dietrich, Dmitry Dmitriev, Matthew Yoder. TaxonWorks: A Use Case in Documenting Complex Biological Relationships. Biodiversity Information Science and Standards. 2018; 2 ():e25723.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValeria Trivellone; Christopher H. Dietrich; Dmitry Dmitriev; Matthew Yoder. 2018. "TaxonWorks: A Use Case in Documenting Complex Biological Relationships." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2, no. : e25723.
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Martijn L. Vandegehuchte; Valeria Trivellone; Martin Schütz; Jennifer Firn; Frederic De Schaetzen; Anita C. Risch. Mammalian herbivores affect leafhoppers associated with specific plant functional types at different timescales. Functional Ecology 2017, 32, 545 -555.
AMA StyleMartijn L. Vandegehuchte, Valeria Trivellone, Martin Schütz, Jennifer Firn, Frederic De Schaetzen, Anita C. Risch. Mammalian herbivores affect leafhoppers associated with specific plant functional types at different timescales. Functional Ecology. 2017; 32 (2):545-555.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartijn L. Vandegehuchte; Valeria Trivellone; Martin Schütz; Jennifer Firn; Frederic De Schaetzen; Anita C. Risch. 2017. "Mammalian herbivores affect leafhoppers associated with specific plant functional types at different timescales." Functional Ecology 32, no. 2: 545-555.
Species assemblages are the results of various processes, including dispersion and habitat filtering. Disentangling the effects of these different processes is challenging for statistical analysis, especially when biotic interactions should be considered. In this study, we used plants (producers) and leafhoppers (phytophagous) as model organisms, and we investigated the relative importance of abiotic versus biotic factors that shape community assemblages, and we infer on their biotic interactions by applying three‐step statistical analysis. We applied a novel statistical analysis, that is, multiblock Redundancy Analysis (mbRA, step 1) and showed that 51.8% and 54.1% of the overall variation in plant and leafhopper assemblages are, respectively, explained by the two multiblock models. The most important blocks of variables to explain the variations in plant and leafhopper assemblages were local topography and biotic factors. Variation partitioning analysis (step 2) showed that pure abiotic filtering and pure biotic processes were relatively less important than their combinations, suggesting that biotic relationships are strongly structured by abiotic conditions. Pairwise co‐occurrence analysis (step 3) on generalist leafhoppers and the most common plants identified 40 segregated species pairs (mainly between plant species) and 16 aggregated pairs (mainly between leafhopper species). Pairwise analysis on specialist leafhoppers and potential host plants clearly revealed aggregated patterns. Plant segregation suggests heterogeneous resource availability and competitive interactions, while leafhopper aggregation suggests host feeding differentiation at the local level, different feeding microhabitats on host plants, and similar environmental requirements of the species. Using the novel mbRA, we disentangle for the first time the relative importance of more than five distinct groups of variables shaping local species communities. We highlighted the important role of abiotic processes mediated by bottom‐up effects of plants on leafhopper communities. Our results revealed that in‐field structure diversification and trophic interactions are the main factors causing the co‐occurrence patterns observed.
Valeria Trivellone; Stephanie Bougeard; Simone Giavi; Patrik Krebs; Diego Balseiro; Stephane Dray; Marco Moretti. Factors shaping community assemblages and species co‐occurrence of different trophic levels. Ecology and Evolution 2017, 7, 4745 -4754.
AMA StyleValeria Trivellone, Stephanie Bougeard, Simone Giavi, Patrik Krebs, Diego Balseiro, Stephane Dray, Marco Moretti. Factors shaping community assemblages and species co‐occurrence of different trophic levels. Ecology and Evolution. 2017; 7 (13):4745-4754.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValeria Trivellone; Stephanie Bougeard; Simone Giavi; Patrik Krebs; Diego Balseiro; Stephane Dray; Marco Moretti. 2017. "Factors shaping community assemblages and species co‐occurrence of different trophic levels." Ecology and Evolution 7, no. 13: 4745-4754.