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The interface between chemicals and waste legislation is a major problem for the envisaged circular economy. To re-use or recycle more waste, information on its composition is needed. The EU Waste Framework Directive obliges producers to document the presence of substances of very high concern in a new database (SCIP), which went online in January 2021. We studied some products of varying complexity and with different pollutant problems from a number of industries. Our investigation indicates that the new database is of limited use for recycling companies. Further requirements focusing on the intended recycling of used products are discussed.
Henning Friege; Barbara Zeschmar-Lahl; Beate Kummer; Jörg Wagner. The new European database for chemicals of concern: How useful is SCIP for waste management? Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy 2021, 21, 100430 .
AMA StyleHenning Friege, Barbara Zeschmar-Lahl, Beate Kummer, Jörg Wagner. The new European database for chemicals of concern: How useful is SCIP for waste management? Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy. 2021; 21 ():100430.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHenning Friege; Barbara Zeschmar-Lahl; Beate Kummer; Jörg Wagner. 2021. "The new European database for chemicals of concern: How useful is SCIP for waste management?" Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy 21, no. : 100430.
Nachhaltige Abfallwirtschaft als Bestandteil des Ressourcenmanagements bedarf klarer Ziele und Prioritäten. Während der Umgang mit Abfällen in vielen Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländern ein erhebliches Gesundheitsrisiko darstellt, haben Industrieländer hygienische Ziele der Abfallwirtschaft gesetzlich vorgegeben und weitestgehend erreicht. Nachhaltige Abfallwirtschaft in Industrieländern wie Deutschland muss sich auf die Aufgabe konzentrieren, die richtigen Verbindungen zwischen Abfällen und Ressourcen zu schaffen. Um in Deutschland die Rohstoffversorgung langfristig sichern zu können, ist die Nutzung von Sekundärrohstoffen ohne Alternative. Die Nutzung von Abfällen wird politisch häufig mit der Ressourceneinsparung ohne Rücksicht auf die Wertigkeit der jeweiligen Ressourcen, auf den damit jeweils verbundenen ökologischen und ökonomischen Aufwand und auf die notwendige Qualität von Sekundärrohstoffen durch pauschale Recyclingquoten gleichgesetzt. Vielmehr sollten Qualitäten im Vordergrund stehen. Dafür stellt die getrennte Sammlung von Wertstoffen aus Siedlungsabfällen neben ihrer möglichst nicht umweltbelastenden Verwertung eine entscheidende Stellschraube dar. Bis heute sind im Siedlungsabfall noch erhebliche Mengen an interessanten Wertstoffen enthalten. Die Abfallwirtschaft ist bisher vor allem ordnungsrechtlich geprägt. Ökonomische Anreize zur Schließung von Stoffkreisläufen geraten aber inzwischen immer mehr in den Fokus, da sich Möglichkeiten zu einem nachhaltigeren Ressourcenmanagement ergeben. Im Sinne nachhaltigen Denkens sollte die Abfallwirtschaft in erster Linie Materialien bzw. Produkte rückgewinnen, die eine möglichst große ökonomische, soziale, ökologische und strategische Bedeutung haben. Diese wird anhand der geostrategischen, der ökologischen und der sozialen Dimension der Nachhaltigkeitsanalysen diskutiert, die strategische Dimension beinhaltet zudem die internationale Konkurrenz um Rohstoffe.
Henning Friege; Christina Dornack. Abfall- und Kreislaufwirtschaft: Prioritäten für nachhaltiges Ressourcenmanagement. Nachhaltiges Change Management 2019, 593 -611.
AMA StyleHenning Friege, Christina Dornack. Abfall- und Kreislaufwirtschaft: Prioritäten für nachhaltiges Ressourcenmanagement. Nachhaltiges Change Management. 2019; ():593-611.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHenning Friege; Christina Dornack. 2019. "Abfall- und Kreislaufwirtschaft: Prioritäten für nachhaltiges Ressourcenmanagement." Nachhaltiges Change Management , no. : 593-611.
What is understood by the circular economy concept is the re-use and recycling of used materials and waste. In many used products, hazardous compounds are found or might be present either because of the products’ present intended use or former applications that have been banned in the meantime. Clearly, recycling activities should not endanger man and environment through carryover of contaminants. To learn more about how hazardous chemicals in waste impede the circular economy, it is necessary to investigate the ways in which products containing hazardous compounds have been handled up to now in order to avoid secondary contamination. For this study, cadmium (Cd) in NiCd batteries and accumulators and Cd compounds used as stabilisers for PVC profiles were selected as examples. The situation in the European Union was analysed, with a focus on legislation, collection, recycling, disposal and the further fate of “co-recycled” Cd. Insufficient collection rates, partially unsafe disposal and carryover were identified as the main problems. An advanced management strategy for Cd and its compounds is needed in order to mitigate problems in the circular economy. Used products containing hazardous substances ought to be recycled without contaminating the environment or recycled materials. The results suggest that circular economy is faced with different, partially insurmountable challenges.
Henning Friege; Barbara Zeschmar-Lahl; Andreas Borgmann. Managing Cd Containing Waste—Caught by the Past, the Circular Economy Needs New Answers. Recycling 2018, 3, 18 .
AMA StyleHenning Friege, Barbara Zeschmar-Lahl, Andreas Borgmann. Managing Cd Containing Waste—Caught by the Past, the Circular Economy Needs New Answers. Recycling. 2018; 3 (2):18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHenning Friege; Barbara Zeschmar-Lahl; Andreas Borgmann. 2018. "Managing Cd Containing Waste—Caught by the Past, the Circular Economy Needs New Answers." Recycling 3, no. 2: 18.
Separate collection of valuables from waste is of growing importance for the conservation of resources and the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from landfills. Moreover, the separation of certain waste fractions, such as food waste, is necessary to ensure that landfills and – more importantly – incinerators are managed properly. It is therefore necessary to examine the reasons and motivations for separating waste. Separation and recycling of waste fractions should decrease the overall cost of waste disposal for citizens and public bodies. This can only happen if the authorities take into consideration some important “stumbling blocks,” i.e. physical and socioeconomic indicators and prerequisites, when introducing a recycling system. Four examples (landfill tax as an incentive for separate collection, recycling of used paper and cardboard, collection of bio-waste, recycling of mixed packaging waste) have been investigated in order to evaluate the reasons for successful and unsuccessful attempts at resource recovery. Economic incentives for waste segregation are very important and should be tested in pilot studies or through simulation games, because major differences between opportunity costs and costs for alternative treatment options may lead to unwanted behavior by waste producers and/or citizens. Furthermore, citizens’ behavior regarding the separation of valuables, their cultural background with respect to waste management, and social norms must be taken into account when planning collection schemes. Obviously, convenient access to collection systems is essential. Citizens must become accustomed to these systems; long-term awareness raising helps to optimize the successful collection of recyclables.
Henning Friege. Separate Collection of Waste Fractions: Economic Opportunities and Problems. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry 2017, 11 -29.
AMA StyleHenning Friege. Separate Collection of Waste Fractions: Economic Opportunities and Problems. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. 2017; ():11-29.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHenning Friege. 2017. "Separate Collection of Waste Fractions: Economic Opportunities and Problems." The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry , no. : 11-29.
The volume of batteries, especially high-energy batteries, in electric and electronic devices is increasing. They are mainly used in small electric and electronic devices, e.g., mobile phones, laptops, household equipment, and tools. With regard to WEEE, these batteries will either remain in the used appliances or be removed by their users for separate collection. Batteries must be removed at the latest during dismantling in order to avoid loss or damage when WEEE is shredded. A representative sample of 2 mg of small WEEE was collected from take-back points in a German city in order to obtain an impression of consumer behavior. The batteries not removed from used electric and electronic appliances submitted by their owners were examined with regard to their type and condition, i.e., whether they were damaged or not. About 20% of all WEEE ran either completely or partially on batteries. Almost half of the batteries had been removed before the used electronic appliances were submitted at the take-back points. By contrast to standard batteries, the volume of special batteries (mainly Li ion or NiCd accumulators) remaining in the appliances amounted to about 75%. Some further conclusions on the way consumers handle batteries could be drawn from the results.
Henning Friege; Leo Reutter; Nele Gnutzmann; Amélie Klöffer; Moritz Mohrlok; Aline De La Sauce; Wilhelm Wons; Sebastian Kross. An Examination of Batteries Remaining in Used Electric and Electronic Devices: Insights Gained from a Transdisciplinary Project. Recycling 2016, 1, 321 -327.
AMA StyleHenning Friege, Leo Reutter, Nele Gnutzmann, Amélie Klöffer, Moritz Mohrlok, Aline De La Sauce, Wilhelm Wons, Sebastian Kross. An Examination of Batteries Remaining in Used Electric and Electronic Devices: Insights Gained from a Transdisciplinary Project. Recycling. 2016; 1 (3):321-327.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHenning Friege; Leo Reutter; Nele Gnutzmann; Amélie Klöffer; Moritz Mohrlok; Aline De La Sauce; Wilhelm Wons; Sebastian Kross. 2016. "An Examination of Batteries Remaining in Used Electric and Electronic Devices: Insights Gained from a Transdisciplinary Project." Recycling 1, no. 3: 321-327.
Reinier de Man; Henning Friege. Circular economy: European policy on shaky ground. Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 2016, 34, 93 -95.
AMA StyleReinier de Man, Henning Friege. Circular economy: European policy on shaky ground. Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy. 2016; 34 (2):93-95.
Chicago/Turabian StyleReinier de Man; Henning Friege. 2016. "Circular economy: European policy on shaky ground." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 34, no. 2: 93-95.