Optical fiber communications are essential for all types of long- and short-distance transmissions. The aim of this paper is to analyze the previously presented security risks and, based on measurements, provide the risk level evaluation. The major risk is the possibility of inserting a splitter into the optical distribution network and capturing a portion of the entire spectrum, i.e., all channels in the optical fiber. Another significant security risk is crosstalk on multiplexers in networks with wavelength division multiplexing. The paper covers the macrobend attenuation evaluation of fiber and back-reflection measurements. Based on the measurements, risks were evaluated for both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint networks and, lastly, the paper covers crosstalk measurements of an optomechanical switch. Finally, all individual risks are evaluated according to the severity, and a proposal for risk minimization is provided.

Wireless Mobile Communications have undergone major “generational” changes since MacDonald of Bell Telephone Laboratories introduced the concept of cellular communications in 1979. Over the last four decades, the technology has evolved from the first generation, 1 G, followed by 2 G, 3 G, and 4 G, to reach today’s threshold of the fifth generation, 5 G. In order to grasp the magnitude of the impact 5 G is having on our society (5 G internet is expected cover up to 65% of the world’s population by the end of 2025!), it is essential to understand the historical development of the previous generations. This review describes and explains the technology from 1 G to 4 G, culminating with the current state-of-the-art of 5 G, and its expected performance over the next ten years. We cover the major technical features of 5 G that differentiate them from the previous generations, in particular,the introduction of the MM-Wave spectrum combined with MIMO, Multiple Input-Multiple Output antenna arrays. We single out these two features as they provide orders of magnitude increases in channel capacity (20 Gb/s Downlink data transfer rates with reduced latency of 1 ms) and internet connectivity on the order of billions. We conclude with related 5 G marketing data, some of it related to the smart phone, a marvel of engineering and a credit to human creativity. 5 G is committed to connecting billions of devices with billions of people, both wirelessly and via the internet. Such a technical advance is a game-changer!

this paper GPON in Telecommunication Network, will present GPON in a relation to NG Network, and try to show that Gigabit Passive Optical Networks are very economical, effective, and reliable solution for triple play service. Also, the paper shows GPON as technically and economical sound solution for Next Generation Network. It will present details about GPON applications such as: GPON ONU as Uplink, GPON as metro net, multi-user per one GPON ONU, GPON as FTTH/B, and etc. Also paper will mention mechanisms that are used for implementing GPON applications such as: DBA algorithm (algorithm for control of upstream speed), GEM (inner transmit method), protection schemes, and control of download speed as additional feature that is not included in the default GPON settings. Briefly paper will look at other elements of GPON such aggregation switch; voice service: V.5.2, SIP and H.248. Economic aspect of projects and/or solutions in telecommunication networks is very important factor, GPON is no exception. So the paper will try to present both economical and technical aspects of GPON in relation to telecommunication network, and other similar solution that are currently available.

The main application and usage of a gigabit-capable passive optical network in a telecommunication network is for providing triple-play services to resident users. However, the gigabit-capable passive optical network itself has more bandwidth than triple-play users need, as well as other mechanisms like the ability to provide quality of service. This excess bandwidth and these advance mechanisms can be utilized for other services and applications inside the same telecommunication network. Some of these advanced applications that use this excess bandwidth and capability of providing quality of service are described, and results of tests are presented in this article.

Economic feasibility was the main obstacle for the fast implementation of FTTH networks. But nowadays, when there are more than 30 million FTTH connections in the world, it is clear that the previous settings amended. In this paper, we discuss how and where to find the economic efficiency; the answer is PON networks. After that, it will be shown why GPON has a small advantage over GEPON. At the end of paper, there is presented an analysis of wavelength spectrum of classical PON and NG PON and we have showed that the upgrade from the classical PON to NG PON is possible. This upgrade has two main requirements from ODN (Optical Distribution Network). It is the coexistence of two types of PON, classical PON, and NG PON, on the same PON tree; and using of optical infrastructure (without any intervention) of classical PON.

The study about a cost effective topology based on the single wavelength bi-directional multiplex is conducted. In this study the Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) from point of view of payback period is analyzed, and a cost-effective novel FTTH (Fiber to the Home) scheme based on the single wavelength bidirectional multiplex is proposed. By using the proposed schema it is possible to reduce initial CAPEX and at the same time to reduce a payback period for new FTTH networks. The proposed schema allows achieving an increase in capacity of 50% in existing FTTH P2P (Point to Point) network.