The main functions of a three-dimensional test device for simulating rock formations and surface movement affected by underground coal mining were described in detail, and a series of similar related tests were carried out. The device consisted of an outer frame, a pressurization unit, a pulling unit, and a coal seam simulation portion. Using this test device, supported by monitoring methods such as the three-dimensional laser scanner method, a model test study on the surface subsidence characteristics caused by coal seam mining was carried out. Combined with the field measurements, the transfer law of surface subsidence caused by coal seam mining was revealed, and the whole surface subsidence response process was analyzed. The experimental results show that the subsidence caused by mining disturbances below the coal seam accounts for 79.3% of the total subsidence, which is the dominant factor of the total surface subsidence. After long-term surface observations, surface subsidence can be divided into four stages after coal mining, and the settlement value of the obvious settlement stage accounts for more than 60% of the total settlement value. The above test results fully reflect the feasibility and practicality of the three-dimensional test device to simulate rock strata and surface movement and provide a new experimental research tool that can be used to further study the surface subsidence characteristics and control caused by coal mining.

In order to study the influence of fissures on the burst tendency of coal, the test and numerical simulation of the burst tendency of coal with different burst angles were carried out. The evolution law of the burst tendency index of coal under the influence of burst angle was analyzed, and the mechanism of energy storage and release of coal under the influence of fissure angle was revealed. The results show that compared with the specimens without prefabricated cracks, the uniaxial compressive strength of the specimens with 0° cracks is reduced by 48.4%, the dynamic failure time is increased by 279.4%, the burst energy index is reduced by 54%, and the burst energy velocity index is reduced by 87.9%. After that, with the increase of prefabricated crack angle, the uniaxial compressive strength of coal increases gradually, the dynamic failure time decreases gradually, the burst energy index increases gradually, and the burst energy velocity index increases gradually. That is to say, the larger the crack angle contained in the coal body, the stronger the burst tendency of the coal body, but it is still lower than that of the complete coal body. With the increase of prefabricated crack angle, the proportion of prepeak elastic energy of coal body increases, the less energy dissipation in the whole loading process of coal body, and the faster energy release rate during failure. The research results can provide some theoretical support for the prevention and control of rock burst disaster.