This study involves a novel CuO/CoFe₂O₄/MWCNTs (CCT) nanocomposite, developed by integrating cobalt ferrite (CoFe₂O₄) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), for the degradation of tetracycline (TC) under visible light. The photocatalyst was extensively characterized using XRD, HR-SEM, EDX, HR-TEM, UV-Vis, BET, and PL analysis. The synthesized CoFe₂O₄ and CuO nanoparticles exhibited crystallite sizes of 46.8 nm and 37.5 nm, respectively, while the CCT nanocomposite had a crystallite size of 53 nm. Microscopy confirmed a particle size of 49.2 nm for the nanocomposite, with MWCNTs measuring 15.65 nm in diameter. The band gap energy of the CCT nanocomposite was 1.6 eV, which contributed to its enhanced photocatalytic activity, as evidenced by the lower emission intensity in PL analysis. BET analysis revealed a pore volume of 0.37 cc/g and a surface area of 82.3 m²/g. Photocatalytic performance was tested across various conditions, with adjustments to nanocomposite dosages (0.1–0.5 g/L), TC concentrations (5–25 mg/L), and pH levels (2–10). Under optimized conditions (0.3 g/L CCT, 5 mg/L TC, pH 10, 120 min of visible light exposure), the CCT achieved 98.1% degradation of TC. The optimized parameters were subsequently used to assess TC degradation with individual photocatalysts: CoFe₂O₄, CuO, CT, and CCT. The enhanced photocatalytic efficiency observed can be largely attributed to the improved charge transfer dynamics and effective electron-hole separation facilitated by MWCNT doping. The reaction followed a pseudo-first-order kinetic model, with hydroxyl radicals (OH^•) identified as the key species in the degradation process. Moreover, the catalyst exhibited 96% retention of its photocatalytic efficiency after five consecutive cycles, demonstrating exceptional stability and reusability. These results emphasize the CCT composite’s potential as a highly efficient and sustainable photocatalyst for the remediation of pharmaceutical pollutants in aquatic systems.

2,4-Dinitrophynylhydrazine and two thiocyanate ions in a (M:L1:L2) 1:2:2 molar ratio was synthesized in the complexes of Co(II) and Ni(II). The prepared compounds were identified through a C.H.N.S. analysis, conductivity measurements, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), the infrared spectrum, and a UV-visible spectrum analysis, in addition to the magnetic properties being measured. The measurements of the molar conductance implieda nonelectrolytic nature of compounds Co(II) and Ni(II). The magnetic susceptibility, as well as electronic spectra, represented all the metal complexesthroughoctahedral geometry, respectively. The PXRD patterns suggested that all the complexes were an orthorhombic system with unit cell parameters. The in-vitro biological activity of the ligand and the metal complexes were screened against the Gram-positive and negative pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas, aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, as well as the fungal species of Aspergillusniger and Candida albicans.Thus, the metal complexes showeda high efficiency of antimicrobial activity compared with the ligand. Furthermore, applications of the ligand, as well as the metal complexes, were tested for in-vitro antioxidant potential in aDPPH assay. The results showed that the activity of the metal complexes with the in-vitro antioxidant was more active than that of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine(DNPH).

Supercapacitors are promising energy storage devices. Herein a comparative study was carried out between two samples of reduced graphene oxide-infused binary metal oxides, in which the morphology of one of the metal oxides (Manganese oxide) is altered. MnO ₂ was synthesized in two morphologies namely nanorods and nanospheres. The two morphologies (rod and spheres) were separately composited with the as-synthesized cone-structured nickel oxide and sheets of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and were subjected to various structural, functional, morphological, electrochemical characterizations etc. The morphologies and structures of the as prepared samples were characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS). The functional properties were determined using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) Spectroscopy. The electrochemical performance of both the samples were analysed using Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Galvanostatic Charge/Discharge (GCD) measurements and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) under electrolytes with different pH namely 1M Na ₂ SO ₄ (pH = 7) and 1M Na ₂ CO ₃ (pH = 11). The CV was analysed with different scan rates and GCD was taken under 1–5 Ag ⁻¹ current densities. The cycling stability of the materials were testified for 5000 cycles of CV and GCD. The results are discussed. The main advantage of this work is that the best suited morphology with better ion transfer rate having commendable electrochemical ability and long-standing cycle rate for a promising supercapacitor is identified which will serve as the reference for the future supercapacitor electrodes.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by five interrelated metabolic risk factors hypertension, central obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, low serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and elevated serum triglycerides. Its prevalence is rising globally contributing significantly to the growing burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). The complications of MetS are carried by common pathogenetic mechanisms including low grade inflammation, oxidative stress etc. While conventional approaches such as balanced diets, regular physical activity, weight management and pharmacotherapy are available, poor patient adherence and the multifactorial nature of the condition continue to drive its progression. Herbal remedies rich in phytochemicals have gained increasing attention for their potential to address various components of MetS. Many herbs including ajwain, aloe vera, basil leaf, coriander, curry leaf, fish mint, ginseng, gurmar, licorice weed, oregano, rosemary, sacred lotus, thyme and tulsi have demonstrated beneficial effects on MetS and its associated symptoms. These herbs offer therapeutic benefits in managing MetS and improving clinical outcomes. This review explores the therapeutic potential of these herbs focusing on their bioactive components and their roles in mitigating the progression of metabolic syndrome.

Mechanism of photocatalysis under visible light irradiation with TiO₂/NiFe₂O₄@MWCNTs as the photocatalyst.