This study aimed to describe different staining protocols for the main dental ceramics. A bibliographic search was conducted in the main health databases PubMed and Scholar Google, in which 100 studies published were collected. In vitro and in silico studies, case reports, and systematic and literature reviews, on ceramic materials, were included. Therefore, articles that did not deal with the topic addressed were excluded. Ceramics can be classified into glass-matrix ceramics (etchable), polycrystalline (non-etchable), and hybrid ceramics. In this context, different fabrication methods, method indications, and characterization layers can be used for each ceramic group and numerous protocols differ according to the choice of material. Several ceramic systems are available, thus professionals in the prosthetic area need constant updates on dental ceramic restorations and their proper characterizations.

This study aimed to evaluate the use of bioengineering tools, finite element analysis, strain gauge analysis, photoelastic analysis, and digital image correlation, in computational studies with greater validity and reproducibility. A bibliographic search was performed in the main health databases PUBMED and Scholar Google, in which different studies, among them, laboratory studies, case reports, systematic reviews, and literature reviews, which were developed in living individuals, were included. Therefore, articles that did not deal with the use of finite element analysis, strain gauge analysis, photoelastic analysis, and digital image correlation were excluded, as well as their use in computational studies with greater validity and reproducibility. According to the methodological analysis, it is observed that the average publication of articles in the Pubmed database was 2.03 and with a standard deviation of 1.89. While in Google Scholar, the average was 0.78 and the standard deviation was 0.90. Thus, it is possible to verify that there was a significant variation in the number of articles in the two databases. Modern dentistry finds in finite element analysis, strain gauge, photoelastic and digital image correlation a way to analyze the biomechanical behavior in dental materials to obtain results that assist to obtain rehabilitations with favorable prognosis and patient satisfaction.

Objetivo: avaliar as principais caracteristicas das cerâmicas odontológicas, cimentos resinosos, tratamentos de superfície e verificação dos seus devidos modos de falha, frente à literatura e suas respectivas utilizações clínicas. Material e Métodos: foi realizada uma busca bibliográfica nos principais bancos de dados de saúde PUBMED (www.pubmed.gov) e Scholar Google (www.scholar.google.com.br), no qual coletou-se trabalhos que foram publicados de 2002 a 2020. Foram inclusos estudos laboratoriais, relatos de casos, revisões sistemáticas e revisões de literatura, que fossem desenvolvidos em indivíduos vivos. Logo, foram excluídos artigos que não tratavam a respeito das caracteristicas das cerâmicas odontológicas, cimentos resinosos, tratamentos de superfície e verificação dos seus devidos modos de falha, frente à literatura e suas respectivas utilizações clínicas. Resultados: as cerâmicas podem ser classificadas em cerâmicas vítreas, cerâmicas policristalinas e as cerâmicas híbridas. Do mesmo modo que existem diferentes composições das cerâmicas e agentes de união, há também alguns protocolos de tratamento de superfície que se diferem de acordo com a escolha desses materiais. Conclusão: diversos sistemas cerâmicos estão disponíveis no mercado, fazendo com que os profissionais da área protética necessitem de uma constante reciclagem acerca das suas propriedades e indicações, visto que bons resultados não são devidos exclusivamente ao tipo de material utilizado, mas sim, à seleção do melhor material, tipo de preparo em conjunto à habilidade do profissional, cimentos resinosos, tratamentos de superfície e verificação dos seus devidos modos de falha. Nesse contexto, fazem-se necessários maiores estudos com relação às cerâmicas odontológicas e seu devido uso em um cenário clínico

The present study aims to describe through a literature review, the main types of noble and non-noble alloys in dentistry looking to identify the adhesion mechanisms, compositions and mechanical properties, and its applicability as a rehabilitation resource nowadays. A bibliographic search was conducted in the main health databases PUBMED (www.pubmed.gov) and Scholar Google (www.scholar.google.com.br), in which studies published from 1971 to 2021 were collected. Laboratory studies, case reports, systematic and literature reviews, which were developed in living individuals. Articles that did not deal with metal alloys and its use in dentistry were excluded. Through the review, it was possible to ver ify that all works presented the metal alloys and their main properties, indicating that they are divided into three main types: hi gh noble alloys, noble alloys and base metal alloys differing in their levels of constituent noble metals. Several alloys and meta ls are available for the dental market each presenting advantages and disadvantages, mainly based on its specific composition.Continuous research and development are resulting in the production of new technologies and products, giving dental surgeons even more options in the design and manufacture of restorations using metal alloys and understanding that these resources will still be viable alternatives in oral rehabilitations. However, further studies on metal alloys are needed to better understand this subject.