Ten competition periods as treatments (T1-10) could be valuable for predicting increase productivity (W) T1 to T5 were allowed to infest the crop and (WF) T6 to T10 was kept weed free, weed competition periods for W and WFi.e. 3, 6, 9, 12 Weeks after emergence (WAE) and up to harvest. So, two field experiments were conducted season 2018 and 2019. Critical Periods for Weed Control (CPWC) was determined based on relative percentage yield ton/h-1 (SY %) of weed free as a check by fitting curves regression models (linear and non-linear, which recommended losing yield value 10%. with seed yield reduction t/h-1 declined from 2.3, 2.28 WF to 0.39- 0.36 W as a checked treatment for 1st, 2nd seasons, respectively about 83.33%, 85% due to relative seed yield. Gompertz as a non linear regression equation recorded 0.99* The effects of treatment classified into 3 groups where A involved 5 superior treatments (T1, T7, T8, T9 and T10). However, T4 and T5 described inferior treatments which located in group C. Low of weed density and increasing of weed index (WI %) 80% observed for 1st season of T4 but T5 was translocated with increasing both weeds number and severed for weed index. It could be summarized that it should be keeping crop weed-free during stages 2nd week and continue until 8th week after crop emergence, which is providing maximum seed yield of soybean.

Weeds exert a pronounced influence on the sugar beet yield, leading to the potential for substantial reductions in agricultural productivity. In pursuit of addressing this issue, two experiments were conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture in Giza, Egypt, during the winter seasons of 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 to investigate the efficacy of various pre- and post-herbicides applied differently in active ingredient percentages, forms, and on weed target types, and mechanical weed treatments on weed traits and sugar beet crop performance. (1) In this context, five herbicidal treatments, including pre-emergence (S-Metoachlor) and post-emergence applications of Betanal Max Pro (Desmedipham 4.7% + Ethofumesate 7.5% + Lenacil 2.7% + Phenmedipham 6%), Tegrospecial (Desmedipham 20% + Phenmedipham 20%) for total annual weeds, C Factor (Haloxyfop-R-Methyl 7.5% + Fluazifop-p-putyl 15%), and Clictar (Clethodium 24%) for grassy weeds, were assessed alongside mechanical weeding and a weedy check (control). (2) The evaluations encompassed growth parameters, juice quality, and beet yields to comprehensively assess the treatment effects. (3) Notably, weed control measures, especially regarding three total annual weeds herbicides and the cultivation when using both grassy weed herbicides, consistently produced the highest improvements in sugar beet root’s fresh and dry weights, root dimensions, sucrose content, purity, sugar recovery, as well as the root and recoverable sugar yields, across both seasons. (4) However, it is important to note that the application of Clethodium 24% and Haloxyfop-R-Methyl 7.5% + Fluazifop-p-putyl 15% resulted in elevated levels of sodium, potassium, amino nitrogen, impurities, and sucrose loss to molasses. These findings underscore the substantial influence of herbicide use and mechanical weeding on sugar beet’s growth, juice quality, and yield, with S-Metoachlor, Desmedipham 20% + Phenmedipham 20% and Desmedipham 4.7% + Ethofumesate 7.5% + Lenacil 2.7% + Phenmedipham 6%—showing promise as effective weed control options, albeit with certain associated drawbacks.

Growth promoters or biostimulants have been called for supplements that contain nutrients, amino acids and plant extracts. One of them would be taken into consideration to increase the production of plants is the growth promoter VIUSID agro. To study the effect of VIUSID agro on maize yield as well as grain quality, two field experiments were carried out in the experimental field of Agric. Res. Stat. of Fac. of Agric., Cairo Univ., Giza, Egypt in 2015 and 2016 seasons. Five maize cultivars were evaluated under four dosages i.e. 0.0, 0.96, 1.44 and 2.0 L ha-1 of foliar spraying of VIUSID agro. Means under the dosage of 0.96 L ha-1 of VIUSID agro significantly exceeded the control by 26.19% for grain yield ha-1 (GYH), 8.89% for grain protein percentage (GP %), 45.39% for protein yield/ha, 3.14% for grain oil percentage (GO %), 40.44% for oil yield ha-1 (OYH) and 33.29% for carbohydrate yield/ha. It was concluded that increasing maize yield ha-1 and grain quality in the present investigation could be achieved by applying the low dosage (0.96 L ha-1) of VIUSID agro.

In order to check the efficiency of some of pre- and post- emergence herbicides for weed control in maize. Total 14 weed control treatments carried out during two season 2017 and 2018 Pre-emergence as :Metribuzin, Acetochlor, Atrazine, Acetochlor, Remusulfuron, Pendimethalinand and Post-emergence as: Foramsulfuron, Nicosulfuron, Flumetsulam, Clopyralid, Diuran, Nicosulfuron and hand hoeing twice and untreated (control) .The obtained results showed that the dominant species were as the annual summer weed were Setaria verticilata (15.09%), Corchorus olitorius (14.15%), Cenchrus ciliaris(9.43 %), Echinochloa colona (8.49 %) and the perennial species were Cynodon dactylon (11.32%) and Convolvulus arevensis (9.43%). For most maize yield components, the pre-emergence herbicides were superior to post-emergence herbicides during both seasons. The higher grain yield ardab/fed treatments were produced by using pre-emergence i.e. Acetochlor (24.7 and 25.4)., Atrazine (23.7 and 24.9), Metribuzin (22.2 and 23.3) and Pendimethalin (20.3 and 22.7) Acetochlor (17.8 and 22.8) and for, post-emergence were Nicosulfuron the highest (19.6 and 20.8) and hand hoeing twice at 3 and 6 week after sowing was (21.2 and 20.4) in both season respectively. The higher efficiency in controlling weeds compared to weedy check (control) treatment or other weed control treatments. Weed control treatment pre- and post- emergence herbicides and hoeing significantly improved grain yield in both season. It could be concluded that as pre-emergence herbicides Metribuzin, Acetochlor, Arazine, Acetochlor, Remusulfuron, Pendimethalin and Nicosulfuron as post-emergence under doses and environmental conditions and also hoeing twice improved grain yield and reduced number and fresh weight of weeds.

Background Ipomea eriocarpa and Setaria virdis are widespread in maize fields in Egypt due to the recommended herbicides having less effect on one or every two species. Ipomea eriocarpa is twines on maize plants and breaks it as well as fewer pollution processes in maize, causing more damage to maize yield losses. The rotations of applied herbicides can overcome this problem, so, this work aims to evaluate the best sequence over two years for ten weed control treatments in sequence in maize fields chemical treatments with the fotowing six herbicides: Pendimethaline 45.5% CS (T1) at 3.6 l ha-1, Isoxaflutol 22.5%+Theincarbazone-methyl 9% SC Cyprosulfamide (safener) 10% SC (T2) at 360 cm3ha-1, Metribuzin 70% WG (T3) at 720 g ha-1, Foamsulfuron 3.35%+Iodosulfuron methyl-sodium 0.11%+Thiencarbazone-methyl 1.07% OD (T4) at 1200 cm3 ha-1, Foramsulfuron 2.25 OD (T5) at 1800 cm3 ha-1 and Bromoxynil 10%+Terbuthylanine 25% SE (T6) at 1200 cm3ha-1 with three hand hoeing treatment as mechanical weed control thrice (T7), twice (T8) and once (T9) and check weedy (untreated) (T10). Two field experiments were carried out at the experimental farm station, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt, during the 2021 and 2022 summer seasons in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Results showed that weed biomass was approximately 96 and 59.5 ton ha-1 in the 2021 and 2022 seasons, respectively, in the infested plots. The efficacy of treatments T2 and T4 were nearly equaled T8 and T9 under high infestation by Ipomea eriocarpa and Setaria vir dis during the first season, while treatments T1, T2, T4 and T5 were insignificantly different in reduced weed biomass as well as improvement maize growth, yield and its components than T8 in the second season as well as increased gross income and profitability of maize crop. Conclusion according to the obtained results, the treatments T2, T4, T5, T1 and T7 or T8 as a rotation for two years were recommend for weed control and increased grain yield and profitability of maize.

Egypt, is considered as one of the bigger country importing for grain wheat. As, weeds cause many problems in agriculture reducing grain yield, the grass weeds are the most weed issue. Hence we tested some herbicides in wheat viz Clodinafop-Propargyl (WP 15%) at 0.050 kg a.i ha-1, Pinoxaden (OD 10%) 0.06 kg a.i. ha_1 , Pinoxaden (EC 0.06 %) 0.078 kg a.i. ha_1 and newly Tralkoxydim at 0.12 kg a.i. ha-1, during two successive seasons 2020 and 2021 applied at 2-3leaf stage before tillering stage. The dominant grasses were (Wild oat) Avena fatua, (Ryegrass) lolium temulentum and (Canary grass) phalaris minor. The results showed increased grain yield by all herbicides applications over weedy check, Tralkoxydim (EC 10% a.i.) 8.53 t ha-1 and Pinoxaden (EC 6 % a.i.) 8.31 t ha-1 and Pinoxaden (OD 10% a.i. ) 8.14 t ha-1 were superior. The maximum grain index (1000- grain weight) was in Clodinafop-propargyl WP 15% at 0.050 during both seasons (42.4 g and 40.8 g), respectively. Herbicides were effective for weed control parameters, weed population/m2, fresh weights and dry weights g/m2.