In recent decades, dengue outbreaks have become increasingly common around the developing countries, including Malaysia. Thus, it is essential for rural as well as urbanised livelihood to understand the distribution pattern of this infection. The objective of this study is to determine the trend of dengue cases reported from the year 2014 to 2018 and the spatial pattern for this spread. Spatial statistical analyses conducted found that the distribution pattern and spatial mean centre for dengue cases were clustered in the eastern part of the Bangi region. Directional distribution observed that the elongated polygon of dengue cluster stretched from the Northeast to the Southwest of Bangi District. The standard distance observed for dengue cases was smallest in the year 2014 (0.017 m), and largest in 2016 (0.019 m), whereas in the year 2015, 2017 and 2018, it measured 0.018 m. The average nearest neighbour analysis also displayed clustered patterns for dengue cases in the Bangi District. The three spatial statistical analyses (spatial mean centre, standard distance and directional distribution) findings illustrate that the dengue cases from the year 2014 to 2018 are clustered in the Northeast to the Southwest of the study region.

Landslide is one of the major disasters that occur in Malaysia. Despite various initiatives undertaken by the government to reduce their occurrences, landslide incidents continue to occur, resulting in loss of life and property. The development process coupled with climate change increases the risk of landslides. This manuscript briefly looks at the causal factors of landslides and identifies requirements for landslide risk management to identify options to strengthen landslide risk management in Peninsular Malaysia. Risk management encompassing identification of hazards, vulnerabilities and exposure of elements can prevent landslides from becoming a disaster. The study conducted, noted that the present approach in landslide disaster management has not fully incorporated the landslide disaster risk management approach. Key aspects such as legislation, institutions, zoning of disaster risk areas, risk transfer mechanisms and financial allocations require serious consideration. The determination of the legal basis to incorporate risk management measures, which will set out the needed mandates, jurisdiction and responsibility is one of the important steps. It will help ensure that decision making processes are risk-based, and strengthen the processes in preparing disaster risk maps, comprehensive databases using landslide inventory and register. It would also help in the preparation of early warning and emergency response systems as well as bolster community involvement, awareness, and public education. These will require a holistic approach in landslide disaster risk management. It will support the effort undertaken by government and stakeholders to incorporate the four priority areas of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 which can effectively help reduce the risk of landslides.

Biodiversity is a critical component for sustainable human development. The recently concluded Sixteenth Conference of Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity 2024 highlighted the need for whole of society mobilization to address the global biodiversity crisis by translating international conservation commitments into effective local actions. A study to understand the linkages between ecological conservation measures in Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 15 target 15.5, was undertaken, using the content analysis method that reviewed international conventions, national policies, and local government measures and practices. The study revealed that there was a strong link with between Aba's conservation strategies and SDG 15 particularly target 15.5 in reducing natural habitat degradation, curbing biodiversity loss, and protecting endangered species. The Aba Prefecture has established 25 nature reserves, that are regulated by stringent wetland protection measures, and comprehensive legal frameworks for biodiversity conservation which is in line with SDG 15. The findings further show that that the Aba Prefecture's efforts in ecosystem conservation, species protection, and sustainable resource utilization can be used to help meet SDG 15 target 15.5. The study also identified steps to help localize SDG aspirations and goals, by strengthening long-term data monitoring and local herder participation. These insights can be used to support other initiatives and measures in other similar biodiversity-rich regions seeking to implement global conservation goals at the local level, particularly in ecologically sensitive mountainous areas.

Cultural activities play an important role in heritage communication, providing opportunities to convey heritage values, engage visitors and promote conservation awareness. However, limited research has examined how diverse cultural activities can function as interpretative tools for communicating heritage values in a sustainable way. To address this gap, this study examines the role of cultural activities in sustainable heritage communication at the Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, China. In the first stage, the heritage components of the Longmen Grottoes were identified, and activities relevant to Longmen Grottoes were elaborated. In the second stage, deductive qualitative analysis was conducted to analyse the collected data, and a creative cultural activities strategy for the Longmen Grottoes was then developed. The holistic scheme developed through adaptive design provides a feasible interpretive pathway for balancing heritage interpretation, tourist satisfaction and sustainable heritage management. It can be anticipated that the outcome of sustainable heritage communication will extend beyond any single dimension of sustainability.

Mandates for Managing Water Resources in Mega Urban Region: Case Study for Selangor (Mandat untuk Pengurusan Sumber Air di Rantau Bandar Mega: Kajian Kes untuk Selangor)

Identifying Sustainability Assessment Elements: The Case Study of Campus Sustainability Assessment Elements for Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (Mengenal pasti Unsur Penilaian Kelestarian: Kajian Kes Kampus Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia dalam Menilai Elemen Kelestarian)