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Wood ash generated as a by-product of biomass combustion can be a sustainable and reasonable approach to counteract acidification and correct nutrient deficiency in forest soils. We investigated the influence of wood ash (WA) and combined WA + N (nitrogen) on soil chemical properties, growth and foliar nutrients of Zelkova serrata and their potential as a soil amender across different soil types. We applied four levels of WA (0, 5, 10, and 20 Mg ha−1) and two levels of N fertilizer (0 and 150 kg ha−1) across three different soil types: landfill saline (LS) soil, forest infertile (FI) soil, and forest acidic (FA) soil. The WA generally improved soil pH, organic matter, available P, exchangeable cations (K+, Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+), and EC of the three soils, but its ameliorating and neutralizing effects were predominant in FA soil. N fertilizer was more effective in improving plant growth, especially for biomass production in LS and FI soils. WA application significantly increased biomass production when it was applied over 5 Mg ha−1 in FA soil, but higher dose rate of WA (i.e. 20 Mg ha−1) seems to pose negative effects. Foliar P, K, and Ca concentrations also tended to increase with the increasing amount of WA. Therefore, lower dosage of WA without N can be applied as a soil amender to counteract forest soil acidity and improve plant growth and foliar nutrient concentration, whereas N fertilizer without WA can be added to correct nutrient soil deficiencies in landfill and infertile soils. This study should enhance our understanding of WA as a sustainable and reasonable approach to counteract acidification and correct nutrient deficiency in forest soils.
Ji Young An; Byung Bae Park. Effects of wood ash and N fertilization on soil chemical properties and growth of Zelkova serrata across soil types. Scientific Reports 2021, 11, 1 .
AMA StyleJi Young An, Byung Bae Park. Effects of wood ash and N fertilization on soil chemical properties and growth of Zelkova serrata across soil types. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJi Young An; Byung Bae Park. 2021. "Effects of wood ash and N fertilization on soil chemical properties and growth of Zelkova serrata across soil types." Scientific Reports 11, no. : 1.
Jeong Min Seo; Huong Thi Thuy Dao; Byung Bae Park. Growth and nutrient responses of Betula platyphylla, Larix kaempferi, and Chamaecyparis obtusa to different application methods of solid compound fertilizer. TURKISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY 2021, 45, 253 -265.
AMA StyleJeong Min Seo, Huong Thi Thuy Dao, Byung Bae Park. Growth and nutrient responses of Betula platyphylla, Larix kaempferi, and Chamaecyparis obtusa to different application methods of solid compound fertilizer. TURKISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY. 2021; 45 (3):253-265.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJeong Min Seo; Huong Thi Thuy Dao; Byung Bae Park. 2021. "Growth and nutrient responses of Betula platyphylla, Larix kaempferi, and Chamaecyparis obtusa to different application methods of solid compound fertilizer." TURKISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY 45, no. 3: 253-265.
Local climate exerted a stronger effect on leaf litter decomposition of deciduous Quercus acutissima Carruth. and evergreen Quercus glauca Thunb. than initial leaf litter quality: the decomposition was much faster for leaves of the two species in warm-temperate forest than in the cool-temperate one. Litter decomposition mainly depends on initial litter quality (e.g., physical features and nutrient content). However, the effects of litter quality on decomposition remain inconclusive in different climatic zones due to complex interaction with climatic factors. This study investigated the effect of litter quality and climatic factors on litter decomposition of deciduous Quercus acutissima Carruth. and evergreen Quercus glauca Thunb. in warm-temperate forests in Jeju Island (Cheongsu; Seonheul) and cool-temperate forest at Chungnam National University Experimental Forest (CNU). Through an inter-site experiment and litterbag technique, variations in remaining mass and decomposition coefficients (k) were measured from the two Quercus species in Korea. The initial mass loss was rapid during the wettest months in summer season. Annual k varied significantly by site: Seonheul (0.77 year−1 ± 0.03) > Cheongsu (0.62 year−1 ± 0.02) > CNU (0.42 year−1 ± 0.01). Leaf litter decomposition was similar for the two species in the warm-temperate sites and 36% higher in the deciduous species in the cool-temperate site. Based on the principal component analysis, overall k values were strongly correlated (rho = 0.55–0.60) with climatic factors, and no significant correlation was detected in leaf litter quality. In conclusion, our results highlighted that the climatic condition in the study sites predominantly controlled the litter decomposition of the deciduous and evergreen oak species, with nevertheless an interspecific difference in the coolest site.
Byung Bae Park; Si Ho Han; Jonathan O. Hernandez; Ji Young An; Woo Bin Youn; Hyung-Soon Choi; Sungcheol Jung. Leaf litter decomposition of deciduous Quercus acutissima Carruth. and evergreen Quercus glauca Thunb. in an inter-site experiment in three contrasting temperate forest stands in South Korea. Annals of Forest Science 2021, 78, 1 -11.
AMA StyleByung Bae Park, Si Ho Han, Jonathan O. Hernandez, Ji Young An, Woo Bin Youn, Hyung-Soon Choi, Sungcheol Jung. Leaf litter decomposition of deciduous Quercus acutissima Carruth. and evergreen Quercus glauca Thunb. in an inter-site experiment in three contrasting temperate forest stands in South Korea. Annals of Forest Science. 2021; 78 (2):1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleByung Bae Park; Si Ho Han; Jonathan O. Hernandez; Ji Young An; Woo Bin Youn; Hyung-Soon Choi; Sungcheol Jung. 2021. "Leaf litter decomposition of deciduous Quercus acutissima Carruth. and evergreen Quercus glauca Thunb. in an inter-site experiment in three contrasting temperate forest stands in South Korea." Annals of Forest Science 78, no. 2: 1-11.
Nursery practices are considered major factors influencing seedling quality, which are likely to be maintained in the early establishment phase in the field. Here, we investigated the effects of container depth and substrate heterogeneity on the growth of Populus sibirica nodal seedlings to suggest an effective nursery practice for producing quality seedlings appropriate for forest establishment in a dry environment. We used two substrate heterogeneities (homogeneous and heterogeneous) and two container depth treatments (30 and 60 cm). Variations in root collar diameter (RCD) growth, height growth, stem and root biomass, root to stem ratio, and root mass in the first 15 cm depth from the soil surface across the treatments were computed. Results revealed that both substrate heterogeneity and container depth had no significant effects on the RCD and height growth of P. sibirica seedlings but significantly improved their root and stem biomass. Seedlings in the 60 cm containers generally accumulated higher root biomass than those in the 30 cm containers. There was an interaction effect of container depth and substrate heterogeneity treatments on root and total dry mass, such that seedlings grown in the 60 cm container using heterogeneous substrate resulted in the highest root and total biomass. Analyses of proportional root growth in the upper 15 cm of the containers compared to the total indicated that both the main effects of deeper containers (60 cm) and heterogeneous substrate have fewer roots at this depth, indicating a greater root density in the bottom of the deeper containers. Therefore, deeper containers and heterogeneous substrate may be used as an effective nursery practice to produce seedlings with root traits potentially suitable for harsh conditions, such as arid and semi-arid environments. However, further studies using other seedling morphological traits in conjunction with field-trial tests are needed for a definitive assessment of the effectiveness of deeper containers and heterogeneous substrate in producing good quality seedlings potentially suitable in a dry environment.
Byung Park; Si Han; Jonathan Hernandez; Ji An; Batkhuu Nyam-Osor; Mun Jung; Peter Lee; Sang Lee. The Use of Deep Container and Heterogeneous Substrate as Potentially Effective Nursery Practice to Produce Good Quality Nodal Seedlings of Populus sibirica Tausch. Forests 2021, 12, 418 .
AMA StyleByung Park, Si Han, Jonathan Hernandez, Ji An, Batkhuu Nyam-Osor, Mun Jung, Peter Lee, Sang Lee. The Use of Deep Container and Heterogeneous Substrate as Potentially Effective Nursery Practice to Produce Good Quality Nodal Seedlings of Populus sibirica Tausch. Forests. 2021; 12 (4):418.
Chicago/Turabian StyleByung Park; Si Han; Jonathan Hernandez; Ji An; Batkhuu Nyam-Osor; Mun Jung; Peter Lee; Sang Lee. 2021. "The Use of Deep Container and Heterogeneous Substrate as Potentially Effective Nursery Practice to Produce Good Quality Nodal Seedlings of Populus sibirica Tausch." Forests 12, no. 4: 418.
Long-term studies on plant response mechanisms to different irrigation regimes will provide a better understanding of the survivability and establishment of plant communities in a desert environment. Thus, across 10 years, we regularly investigated the effects of the rainfall (control), rainfall + 4 L h−1, rainfall + 8 L h−1, and rainfall + 12 L h−1 irrigation regimes on the growth and leaf morpho-physiology of Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb., Ulmus pumila L., Elaeagnus moorcroftii Wall. ex Schltdl., and Hippophae rhamnoides L. to suggest an optimal irrigation regime for each woody species for effective and sustainable afforestation in Mongolia. We measured the root collar diameter (RCD), annual height growth, survivability, leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf biomass (LB), total chlorophyll concentration, and predawn (ψp) and midday (ψm) leaf water potentials across the treatments and species. Results showed that trees grown at 12 L h−1 grew taller per year and generally resulted in a higher SLA, but generally resulted in a lower survival rate compared with those in the other treatments in all species. Total chlorophyll content was higher in trees grown under 4 and/or 8 L h−1, particularly for T. ramosissima and E. moorcroftii. Lastly, leaf water potentials were found more negative for trees subjected to 4 L h−1, especially in T. ramosissima and U. pumila, but still resulted in a higher survival rate and LB compared with 12 L h−1. H. rhamnoides showed higher survivability at 8 and/or 12 L h−1 than at 4 L h−1. Therefore, we suggest 4 L h−1 to be the optimal irrigation regime for irrigating T. ramosissima, U. pumila and E. moorcroftii, and 8 and/or 12 L h−1 for H. rhamnoides. Our findings are relevant to ensuring the sustainability of afforestation programs in arid and semiarid landscapes in Mongolia.
Ser-Oddamba Byambadorj; Byung Park; Jonathan Hernandez; Narantugs Dulamsuren; Zoljargal Sainbuyan; Oyuntugs Altantugs; Khulan Sharavdorj; In Seong; Nyam-Osor Batkhuu. Optimal Irrigation Regime for Woody Species Potentially Suitable for Effective and Sustainable Afforestation in the Desert Region of Mongolia. Land 2021, 10, 212 .
AMA StyleSer-Oddamba Byambadorj, Byung Park, Jonathan Hernandez, Narantugs Dulamsuren, Zoljargal Sainbuyan, Oyuntugs Altantugs, Khulan Sharavdorj, In Seong, Nyam-Osor Batkhuu. Optimal Irrigation Regime for Woody Species Potentially Suitable for Effective and Sustainable Afforestation in the Desert Region of Mongolia. Land. 2021; 10 (2):212.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSer-Oddamba Byambadorj; Byung Park; Jonathan Hernandez; Narantugs Dulamsuren; Zoljargal Sainbuyan; Oyuntugs Altantugs; Khulan Sharavdorj; In Seong; Nyam-Osor Batkhuu. 2021. "Optimal Irrigation Regime for Woody Species Potentially Suitable for Effective and Sustainable Afforestation in the Desert Region of Mongolia." Land 10, no. 2: 212.
Windstorm is one of the destructive natural disturbances, but the scale-link extent to which recurrent windstorms influenced forests ecosystems is poorly understood in a changing climate across regions. We reviewed the synergistic impacts of windstorms on forests and assessed research trends and methodological approaches from peer-reviewed articles published from 2000 to 2020 in tropical (TRF), subtropical (SUF), and temperate (TEF) forests/zones, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Overall, the majority of the reviewed studies were conducted in TRF (i.e., 40%), intermediate in SUF (i.e., 34%), and the lowest in TEF (i.e., 26%). Among the four levels of biological organization, the species-population and community-ecosystem levels had the highest number of study cases, while the molecular-cellular-individual and landscape levels had the lowest study cases in all forest types. Most of the articles reviewed dealt largely on tree mortality/survival and regeneration/succession for TRF, tree mortality/survival and species composition/richness/diversity for SUF, and stem density, gap dynamics, and regeneration/succession for TEF. However, research on the effects of windstorms on mycorrhizal symbioses, population genetics, and physiological adaptation, element fluxes via litterfall, litter decomposition, belowground processes, biological invasion, and tree health are less common in all forest types. Further, most of the studies were conducted in permanent plots but these studies mostly used observational design, while controlled studies are obviously limited. Consequently, more observational and controlled studies are needed on the topic reviewed, particularly studies at the molecular-cellular-individual and landscape levels, to help inform forest management decision-making about developing sustainable and resilient forests amid climate change.
Jonathan O. Hernandez; Lerma S.J. Maldia; Byung Bae Park. Research Trends and Methodological Approaches of the Impacts of Windstorms on Forests in Tropical, Subtropical, and Temperate Zones: Where Are We Now and How Should Research Move Forward? Plants 2020, 9, 1709 .
AMA StyleJonathan O. Hernandez, Lerma S.J. Maldia, Byung Bae Park. Research Trends and Methodological Approaches of the Impacts of Windstorms on Forests in Tropical, Subtropical, and Temperate Zones: Where Are We Now and How Should Research Move Forward? Plants. 2020; 9 (12):1709.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJonathan O. Hernandez; Lerma S.J. Maldia; Byung Bae Park. 2020. "Research Trends and Methodological Approaches of the Impacts of Windstorms on Forests in Tropical, Subtropical, and Temperate Zones: Where Are We Now and How Should Research Move Forward?" Plants 9, no. 12: 1709.
Knowledge on growth and nutrient uptake characteristics of urban trees and effective strategies to grow trees can help accomplish the goal of urban afforestation initiatives in a sustainable way. Thus, the study investigated the effects of different vermicompost (VC) application placements on the growth and nutrient uptake of three contrasting tree species (fast-growing Betula platyphylla and Larix kaempferi and slow-growing Chamaecyparis obtusa) to provide implications for growing tree stocks for sustainable urban afforestation programs. Five placement methods were used in the greenhouse trial: no fertilization (CON), surface placement (VCs), subsurface placement at 6-cm depth (VCc), bottom placement (35-cm depth (VCb)), and mixed with soil (VCm). We measured the growth parameters such as height, root collar diameter (RCD), and biomass and analyzed foliar nutrient concentrations in response to different placement treatments of VC. Relative height growth was the highest at VCc (132% (B. platyphylla), 114% (L. kaempferi)) and VCs ((57%) C. obtusa). Significant improvement in aboveground and belowground biomass growth of all species at VCs and VCc compared to the other treatments was also observed. Generally, VC treatments significantly increased N concentration compared to CON in all species. In conclusion, fertilizing the fast- and slow-growing urban tree species using VCs and/or VCc is relevant to growing high quality planting stocks for sustainable urban afforestation purposes.
Huong Dao; Jeong Seo; Jonathan Hernandez; Si Ho Han; Woo Youn; Ji An; Byung Park. Effective Placement Methods of Vermicompost Application in Urban Tree Species: Implications for Sustainable Urban Afforestation. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5822 .
AMA StyleHuong Dao, Jeong Seo, Jonathan Hernandez, Si Ho Han, Woo Youn, Ji An, Byung Park. Effective Placement Methods of Vermicompost Application in Urban Tree Species: Implications for Sustainable Urban Afforestation. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (14):5822.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuong Dao; Jeong Seo; Jonathan Hernandez; Si Ho Han; Woo Youn; Ji An; Byung Park. 2020. "Effective Placement Methods of Vermicompost Application in Urban Tree Species: Implications for Sustainable Urban Afforestation." Sustainability 12, no. 14: 5822.
The environmental restoration of the semi-arid steppe of Mongolia is currently being addressed by creating new plantations able to protect the soil from the advancement of desertification and to improve the economy of the population living there. The success of these interventions relies on a high survival rate and good long-term growth performance of the transplanted trees. In the present work we analyzed stem height and root collar diameter (RCD) over 10 years for two native tree species (Populus sibirica and Ulmus pumila) grown with different water regimes and fertilizers. The investigated duration is sufficiently long to provide a reliable indication of the adaptation of these tree species to the steppe’s harsh environmental conditions. Results suggest that both species could be used for environmental restoration projects, although P. sibirica requires the support of additional irrigation to achieve the best growth performance. U. pumila, on the other hand, shows good growth performance even with rainfall as the only water source. However, the higher water use by P. sibirica trees seems to be compensated by a more rapid ground cover compared to U. pumila. The addition of fertilizers to the soil before transplantation does not improve the growth performance of either species.
Ser-Oddamba Byambadorj; Donato Chiatante; Khaulenbek Akhmadi; Janchivdorj Lunten; Batkhishig Ochirbat; Byung Bae Park; Gabriella S. Scippa; Antonio Montagnoli; Batkhuu Nyam-Osor. The effect of different watering regimes and fertilizer addition on the growth of tree species used to afforest the semi-arid steppe of Mongolia. Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology 2020, 155, 747 -758.
AMA StyleSer-Oddamba Byambadorj, Donato Chiatante, Khaulenbek Akhmadi, Janchivdorj Lunten, Batkhishig Ochirbat, Byung Bae Park, Gabriella S. Scippa, Antonio Montagnoli, Batkhuu Nyam-Osor. The effect of different watering regimes and fertilizer addition on the growth of tree species used to afforest the semi-arid steppe of Mongolia. Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology. 2020; 155 (4):747-758.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSer-Oddamba Byambadorj; Donato Chiatante; Khaulenbek Akhmadi; Janchivdorj Lunten; Batkhishig Ochirbat; Byung Bae Park; Gabriella S. Scippa; Antonio Montagnoli; Batkhuu Nyam-Osor. 2020. "The effect of different watering regimes and fertilizer addition on the growth of tree species used to afforest the semi-arid steppe of Mongolia." Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology 155, no. 4: 747-758.
The forest understory plays an important role in the carbon and nutrient cycling and forest stability, but cost-efficient quantification of its biomass remains challenging. Most of the existing biomass allometric equations have been developed and designed only for mature forest trees (i.e., Diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 10 cm), and those for trees with DBH less than 10 cm are not readily available. In this study, we compared the biomass by plant component (i.e., foliage, branch, and stem) measured by a destructive method with those estimated by the existing biomass allometric equations for understory trees with DBH less than 10 cm in a Pinus rigida plantation. We also developed an allometric biomass equation for the identified understory tree species, namely, Quercus variabilis, Quercus acutissima, Quercus mongolica, Quercus serrata, and Carpinus laxiflora. The estimated biomass using allometric equations for foliage, branch, and stem was lower than the values obtained using the destructive method by 64%, 41%, and 18%, respectively. The biomass allometric equations developed in this study showed high coefficients of determination (mean R2 = 0.970) but varied depending on species and tree part (range: 0.824–0.984 for foliage, 0.825–0.952 for branch, and 0.884–0.999 for the stem, respectively). The computed biomass of the understory vegetation was 22.9 Mg ha−1, representing 12.0% of the total biomass of the P. rigida plantation. The present study demonstrates that understory trees with DBH less than 10 cm account for a considerable portion of carbon stock in forest ecosystems, and therefore suggests that more biomass allometric equations should be optimized for small-DBH trees to improve forest carbon stock estimation.
Si Ho Han; Byung Bae Park. Comparison of Allometric Equation and Destructive Measurement of Carbon Storage of Naturally Regenerated Understory in a Pinus rigida Plantation in South Korea. Forests 2020, 11, 425 .
AMA StyleSi Ho Han, Byung Bae Park. Comparison of Allometric Equation and Destructive Measurement of Carbon Storage of Naturally Regenerated Understory in a Pinus rigida Plantation in South Korea. Forests. 2020; 11 (4):425.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSi Ho Han; Byung Bae Park. 2020. "Comparison of Allometric Equation and Destructive Measurement of Carbon Storage of Naturally Regenerated Understory in a Pinus rigida Plantation in South Korea." Forests 11, no. 4: 425.
Background In reclaimed land, the growth environment for plants may be unfavorable and the initial establishment and growth of seedlings could be limited because of low nutrient and water availability. Fertilization and control of understory vegetation that competes with seedlings may be of help in ameliorating soil physical and chemical properties, resulting in better seedling growth and reclamation success. However, the amount of nutrients understory vegetation absorbs in this ecological process has been rarely studied. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of soil amendment on biomass production and nutrient uptake by weeds in the nutrient-poor reclaimed area. We applied three levels of torrefied wood chip (TWC; 0, 2.5, and 5 Mg ha−1) and two levels of vermicompost (VC; 0 and 2.7 Mg ha−1) as soil physical improvements and organic soil amendments in reclaimed land in the Republic of Korea, with Populus euramericana used as the crop tree. Results TWC did not influence weed biomass, but 2.7 Mg ha−1 VC significantly increased weed biomass by 21% compared to 0 Mg ha−1 VC treatments. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sodium (Na) concentrations in weeds were the highest in control, but there was no statistical difference among treatments. However, VC treatment did marginally increase nutrient uptake in weeds, especially P, K, Ca, and Na. No treatments influenced crop tree height. Conclusion We conclude that VC can be used as an organic source of nutrients in reclaimed soil and that weed management is necessary to increase treatment effects on crop trees in this salt-affected reclaimed land.
Aung Aung; Jeong Min Seo; Si Ho Han; Ji Young An; Huong Thi Thuy Dao; Woo Bin Youn; Byung Bae Park. Effects of torrefied wood chip and vermicompost application on vegetation growth and nutrient uptake in the Saemangeum reclaimed land. Ecological Processes 2020, 9, 1 -9.
AMA StyleAung Aung, Jeong Min Seo, Si Ho Han, Ji Young An, Huong Thi Thuy Dao, Woo Bin Youn, Byung Bae Park. Effects of torrefied wood chip and vermicompost application on vegetation growth and nutrient uptake in the Saemangeum reclaimed land. Ecological Processes. 2020; 9 (1):1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAung Aung; Jeong Min Seo; Si Ho Han; Ji Young An; Huong Thi Thuy Dao; Woo Bin Youn; Byung Bae Park. 2020. "Effects of torrefied wood chip and vermicompost application on vegetation growth and nutrient uptake in the Saemangeum reclaimed land." Ecological Processes 9, no. 1: 1-9.
Knowledge about carbon and nutrient fluxes by litterfall is important for understanding nutrient cycling in geologically unique ecosystems. However, the determination of forest litterfall production patterns is difficult due to many biophysical factors influencing the process. In this study, we (1) quantified the litterfall production and carbon and nutrient fluxes in warm-temperate evergreen forest stands in Jeju Gotjawal and (2) compared these values to those of a typical cool-temperate deciduous forest stand by forest types and climate differences. Litterfall from evergreen broadleaved forests at Cheongsu (CS) and Seonheul (SHb), a mixed forest at Seonheul (SHm) in Jeju Gotjawal, and a deciduous broadleaved forest at Chungnam National University Forest (CNU) was collected for a full two years using litter traps. Samples were sorted into leaves, twigs, barks, seeds, and unidentified materials, and then weighed and measured for C, N, P, K, Ca, and Mg fluxes by litterfall. Results showed that the mean annual litterfall (846.3 g m−2, average of CS, SHb, and SHm) at Jeju Gotjawal was similar to that of CNU (885.5 g m−2), but varied by site in Jeju Gotjawal: CS (933.1 g m−2) was significantly higher than the average of SHb and SHm (802.9 g m−2). Seasonal patterns of litterfall production differed by forest types; evergreen broadleaved forests showed a bimodal peak in fall and spring while deciduous broadleaved forests showed a unimodal peak in fall. Jeju Gotjawal had significantly higher total macronutrient concentrations and contents (except for K) than CNU and they also varied by site in Jeju Gotjawal: CS had higher N, P, Ca, and Mg contents than SHb and SHm. We conclude that litterfall production and nutrient fluxes differed by forest stand as influenced by forest types and climate. Further, our findings are important for understanding carbon and nutrient dynamics in the geologically unique ecosystem of Jeju Gotjawal and other areas with similar characteristics.
Byung Bae Park; Afroja Rahman; Si Ho Han; Woo Bin Youn; Hwa Ja Hyun; Jonathan Hernandez; Ji Young An. Carbon and Nutrient Inputs by Litterfall in Evergreen and Deciduous Forests in Korea. Forests 2020, 11, 143 .
AMA StyleByung Bae Park, Afroja Rahman, Si Ho Han, Woo Bin Youn, Hwa Ja Hyun, Jonathan Hernandez, Ji Young An. Carbon and Nutrient Inputs by Litterfall in Evergreen and Deciduous Forests in Korea. Forests. 2020; 11 (2):143.
Chicago/Turabian StyleByung Bae Park; Afroja Rahman; Si Ho Han; Woo Bin Youn; Hwa Ja Hyun; Jonathan Hernandez; Ji Young An. 2020. "Carbon and Nutrient Inputs by Litterfall in Evergreen and Deciduous Forests in Korea." Forests 11, no. 2: 143.
Jimena Esquivel; Byung Bae Park; Fernando Casanoves; Diego Delgado; Go‐Eun Park; Bryan Finegan. Altitude and species identity drive leaf litter decomposition rates of ten species on a 2950 m altitudinal gradient in Neotropical rain forests. Biotropica 2019, 52, 11 -21.
AMA StyleJimena Esquivel, Byung Bae Park, Fernando Casanoves, Diego Delgado, Go‐Eun Park, Bryan Finegan. Altitude and species identity drive leaf litter decomposition rates of ten species on a 2950 m altitudinal gradient in Neotropical rain forests. Biotropica. 2019; 52 (1):11-21.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJimena Esquivel; Byung Bae Park; Fernando Casanoves; Diego Delgado; Go‐Eun Park; Bryan Finegan. 2019. "Altitude and species identity drive leaf litter decomposition rates of ten species on a 2950 m altitudinal gradient in Neotropical rain forests." Biotropica 52, no. 1: 11-21.
Litterfall, which is influenced by physical and biological factors, is a major pathway for carbon and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to investigate monthly litterfall production in three forests in Jeju Island differentiated by forest composition and precipitation: Cheongsu (Quercus glauca as the dominant species; low precipitation), Seonheulb (Q. glauca as the dominant species; high precipitation), and Seonheulm (Q. glauca and Pinus thunbergii as the dominant species; high precipitation). Litterfall was collected monthly from April to December 2015 and divided into leaf litter, twig, bark, seeds, and unidentified materials. Seasonal patterns of litterfall production varied across stands according to their species composition. However, the amount of leaf litterfall and total litterfall were comparable among stands, ranging from 362 to 375 g m−2 for leaf litter and 524 g m−2 to 580 g m−2 for total litterfall. Oak leaf litter in May was the highest in all stands, while needle litter was the highest in December in Seonheulm. High twig litterfall in July may be attributable to high rainfall with strong winds and storms during the rainy season. Although forest type and climate factor had no influence on litterfall amounts in this study, the pattern of litterfall production was species dependent, suggesting diverse effects on carbon and nutrient cycling in these forests.
Ji Young An; Si Ho Han; Woo Bin Youn; Sang Ick Lee; Afroja Rahman; Huong Thi Thuy Dao; Jeong Min Seo; Aung Aung; Hyung-Soon Choi; Hwa Ja Hyun; Byung Bae Park. Comparison of litterfall production in three forest types in Jeju Island, South Korea. Journal of Forestry Research 2019, 31, 945 -952.
AMA StyleJi Young An, Si Ho Han, Woo Bin Youn, Sang Ick Lee, Afroja Rahman, Huong Thi Thuy Dao, Jeong Min Seo, Aung Aung, Hyung-Soon Choi, Hwa Ja Hyun, Byung Bae Park. Comparison of litterfall production in three forest types in Jeju Island, South Korea. Journal of Forestry Research. 2019; 31 (3):945-952.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJi Young An; Si Ho Han; Woo Bin Youn; Sang Ick Lee; Afroja Rahman; Huong Thi Thuy Dao; Jeong Min Seo; Aung Aung; Hyung-Soon Choi; Hwa Ja Hyun; Byung Bae Park. 2019. "Comparison of litterfall production in three forest types in Jeju Island, South Korea." Journal of Forestry Research 31, no. 3: 945-952.
Liriope platyphylla (Liliaceae), a medical plant distributed mainly in China, Taiwan, and Korea, has been used traditionally for the treatment of cough, sputum, asthma, and neurodegenerative diseases. The present study involved the metabolic profiling of this plant and reports spicatoside A accumulation in four different varieties of L. platyphylla (Cheongyangjaerae, Seongsoo, Cheongsim, and Liriope Tuber No. 1) using HPLC and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC⁻TOFMS). A total of 47 metabolites were detected in the different cultivars using GC⁻TOFMS-based metabolic profiling. The resulting data were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) for determining the whole experimental variation, and the different cultivars were separated by score plots. Furthermore, hierarchical clustering, Pearson's correlation, and partial least-squares discriminant analyses (PLS-DA) were subsequently performed to determine significant differences in the various metabolites of the cultivars. The HPLC data revealed that the presence of spicatoside A was detected in all four cultivars, with the amount of spicatoside A varying among them. Among the cultivars, Liriope Tuber No. 1 contained the highest amount of spicatoside A (1.83 ± 0.13 mg/g dry weight), followed by Cheongyangjaerae (1.25 ± 0.01 mg/g dry weight), Cheongsim (1.09 ± 0.04 mg/g dry weight), and Seongsoo (1.01 ± 0.02 mg/g dry weight). The identification of spicatoside A was confirmed by comparing the retention time of the sample with the retention time of the standard. Moreover, the Cheongsim cultivar contained higher levels of phenolic compounds-including vanillic acid, quinic acid, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and benzoic acid-than those of the other two cultivars. On the other hand, the levels of amino acids were higher in the Seongsoo cultivar. Therefore, this study may help breeders produce new varieties with improved nutraceutical and nutritional qualities.
Chang Ha Park; Abubaker Mohammed Awad Morgan; Byung Bae Park; Sook Young Lee; Sanghyun Lee; Jae Kwang Kim; Sang Un Park. Metabolic Analysis of Four Cultivars of Liriope platyphylla. Metabolites 2019, 9, 59 .
AMA StyleChang Ha Park, Abubaker Mohammed Awad Morgan, Byung Bae Park, Sook Young Lee, Sanghyun Lee, Jae Kwang Kim, Sang Un Park. Metabolic Analysis of Four Cultivars of Liriope platyphylla. Metabolites. 2019; 9 (3):59.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChang Ha Park; Abubaker Mohammed Awad Morgan; Byung Bae Park; Sook Young Lee; Sanghyun Lee; Jae Kwang Kim; Sang Un Park. 2019. "Metabolic Analysis of Four Cultivars of Liriope platyphylla." Metabolites 9, no. 3: 59.
Aung Aung; Woo Bin Youn; Jeong Min Seo; Huong Thi Thuy Dao; Si Ho Han; Min Seok Cho; Byung Bae Park. Effects of three biomaterials mixed with growing media on seedling quality of Prunus sargentii. Forest Science and Technology 2019, 15, 13 -18.
AMA StyleAung Aung, Woo Bin Youn, Jeong Min Seo, Huong Thi Thuy Dao, Si Ho Han, Min Seok Cho, Byung Bae Park. Effects of three biomaterials mixed with growing media on seedling quality of Prunus sargentii. Forest Science and Technology. 2019; 15 (1):13-18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAung Aung; Woo Bin Youn; Jeong Min Seo; Huong Thi Thuy Dao; Si Ho Han; Min Seok Cho; Byung Bae Park. 2019. "Effects of three biomaterials mixed with growing media on seedling quality of Prunus sargentii." Forest Science and Technology 15, no. 1: 13-18.
Biochars are used to improve soil quality and crop productivity as well as to increase carbon sequestration in soil. However, it is important to identify the characteristics of biochar prior to its application because of the positive and negative effects on soil and crop productivity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of charcoals on the growth and seedling quality of Quercus serrata and Prunus sargentii in a containerized seedling production system. Two of the charcoals used in our research were from oak tree; one produced at 1200 °C and the other at 700 ∼ 800 °C, and a bamboo charcoal produced at about 800 °C. Three charcoals were mixed with artificial soil (peat moss, perlite, and vermiculite with a ratio of 1:1:1 (v/v/v)), and applied commercial fertilizer at two concentrations; 0.5 and 1.0 g L−1. Growth parameters, such as height, root collar diameter, and dry weight, were decreased in charcoal treatments compared to control. However, charcoal treatments significantly increased the quality index of seedlings by 8.3% in Q. serrata and by 19.9% in P. sargentii. Our results suggested that charcoal can be applied to improve seedling quality in the containerized Q. serrata and P. sargentii seedling production system.
Aung Aung; Si Ho Han; Woo Bin Youn; Loth Meng; Min Seok Cho; Byung Bae Park. Biochar effects on the seedling quality ofQuercus serrataandPrunus sargentiiin a containerized production system. Forest Science and Technology 2018, 14, 112 -118.
AMA StyleAung Aung, Si Ho Han, Woo Bin Youn, Loth Meng, Min Seok Cho, Byung Bae Park. Biochar effects on the seedling quality ofQuercus serrataandPrunus sargentiiin a containerized production system. Forest Science and Technology. 2018; 14 (3):112-118.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAung Aung; Si Ho Han; Woo Bin Youn; Loth Meng; Min Seok Cho; Byung Bae Park. 2018. "Biochar effects on the seedling quality ofQuercus serrataandPrunus sargentiiin a containerized production system." Forest Science and Technology 14, no. 3: 112-118.
Roots are important to ecosystem nutrient pools and fluxes, but they are difficult to sample for tissue analysis, especially at depth. We analyzed patterns of nutrient concentrations in live roots up to 20 mm in diameter collected from quantitative soil pits in six northern hardwood sites at the Bartlett Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA. Root concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) were higher in the forest floor than in the mineral soil, by 23%–61% in fine roots (0–1 mm and 1–2 mm in diameter). Using only samples collected from the O horizon to characterize roots throughout the profile resulted in an average error across all elements of 16% in estimates of root nutrient contents. Within the mineral soil, there was little difference in root nutrient concentrations with depth. There were significant patterns with root diameter: N and Mg concentrations were highest in the finest roots, while Ca concentrations peaked in the 2–5 mm diameter class. One site (C8) differed from the others in having lower N but higher P, Ca, Mg, and potassium (K) concentrations in roots. In summary, analyzing roots by site and diameter class is more important to accurate nutrient accounting than is analyzing roots from depth in the mineral soil, but roots in the forest floor and the mineral soil differ dramatically for some elements.
Ruth D. Yanai; Griffin E. Walsh; Yang Yang; Corrie A. Blodgett; Kikang Bae; Byung Bae Park. Nutrient concentrations of roots vary with diameter, depth, and site in New Hampshire northern hardwoods. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 2018, 48, 32 -41.
AMA StyleRuth D. Yanai, Griffin E. Walsh, Yang Yang, Corrie A. Blodgett, Kikang Bae, Byung Bae Park. Nutrient concentrations of roots vary with diameter, depth, and site in New Hampshire northern hardwoods. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 2018; 48 (1):32-41.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRuth D. Yanai; Griffin E. Walsh; Yang Yang; Corrie A. Blodgett; Kikang Bae; Byung Bae Park. 2018. "Nutrient concentrations of roots vary with diameter, depth, and site in New Hampshire northern hardwoods." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 48, no. 1: 32-41.
Biochar can be used as a kind of soil amendment in crop production, but there are few studies on containerized seedling production in forestry. The purpose of this study was to investigate the amount of torrefied wood to mix with growing medium for Zelkova serrata and Fraxinus rhynchophylla seedling production in a containerized system. We used torrefied wood made from chips of Quercus accutissima, which was mixed with growing medium by 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% in volume. We applied two levels of 0.5 g/L (1×) and 1.0 g/L (2×) commercial fertilizer for fertilization treatment. Generally, growth parameters such as height, root collar diameter, and dry weight were comparable among 0%, 10%, and 20% mixed ratios, but those at 30% and 40% mixed ratio were lower than other mixed ratios. The 2× fertilization significantly increased height by 29%, root collar diameter by 18%, total dry weight by 52%, and quality index by 31.4% compared to the 1× fertilization across mixed ratios. Our results suggest that torrefied wood can be substitutable for 20% of the growth medium in total volume in containerized Zelkova serrata and Fraxinus rhynchophylla seedling production systems.
Si Ho Han; Loth Meng; Afroja Rahman; Youngtak Ko; Min Seok Cho; Byung Bae Park. Torrefied wood effects on the seedling quality of Zelkova serrata and Fraxinus rhynchophylla in a containerized production system. Forest Science and Technology 2017, 13, 145 -151.
AMA StyleSi Ho Han, Loth Meng, Afroja Rahman, Youngtak Ko, Min Seok Cho, Byung Bae Park. Torrefied wood effects on the seedling quality of Zelkova serrata and Fraxinus rhynchophylla in a containerized production system. Forest Science and Technology. 2017; 13 (4):145-151.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSi Ho Han; Loth Meng; Afroja Rahman; Youngtak Ko; Min Seok Cho; Byung Bae Park. 2017. "Torrefied wood effects on the seedling quality of Zelkova serrata and Fraxinus rhynchophylla in a containerized production system." Forest Science and Technology 13, no. 4: 145-151.
Land use change greatly affects the carbon cycling of the Earth. Soil carbon and nutrient stock distributions were identified in the five land use types: Quercus spp. mixed forest (QM); Larix leptolepis plantation (LP); Castanea crenata plantation (CP); Malus pumila orchard (MF); and abandoned fields (AF). Carbon and nutrient concentrations in the organic horizon and the soil were significantly different according to land use type and soil depth. Carbon concentrations of the organic horizon were higher in QM than in AF, while phosphorus concentrations were higher in MF and AF by 7 times and 4 times compared to that in QM and LP, respectively. The total carbon was distributed in A horizon by 51.8% and in B horizon by 38.0%. The amount of phosphorus decreased in the order of MF > AF > CP > LP ≈ QM, showing clear differences among land use types. This research shows that soil carbon and nutrient contents are significantly different across land use types, and it suggests that the horizontal and vertical distribution properties of carbon and nutrients by land use type need to be considered to accurately predict amounts of fixed carbon and nutrients during the transition of farmland to forest.
Si Ho Han; Loth Meng; Gwan-Soo Park; Se Bin Kim; Min Seok Cho; Byung Bae Park. Characteristics of soil carbon and nutrient stocks across land use types in a forest region of central Korea. Forest Science and Technology 2017, 13, 93 -99.
AMA StyleSi Ho Han, Loth Meng, Gwan-Soo Park, Se Bin Kim, Min Seok Cho, Byung Bae Park. Characteristics of soil carbon and nutrient stocks across land use types in a forest region of central Korea. Forest Science and Technology. 2017; 13 (3):93-99.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSi Ho Han; Loth Meng; Gwan-Soo Park; Se Bin Kim; Min Seok Cho; Byung Bae Park. 2017. "Characteristics of soil carbon and nutrient stocks across land use types in a forest region of central Korea." Forest Science and Technology 13, no. 3: 93-99.
Current understanding of litterfall and fine root dynamics in temperate forests is limited, even though these are the major contributors to carbon and nutrient cycling in the ecosystems. In this study, we investigated litterfall and fine root biomass and production in five deciduous and four coniferous forests at the Gwangneung Experimental Forest in Korea. We used ingrowth cores to measure fine root production and root turnover rate. The litterfall was separated into leaves, twigs, and others, and then leaves were further separated according to species. Annual litterfall mass was not significantly different between the years, 360 to 651 g m-2 in 2011 and 300 to 656 g m-2 in 2012. Annual fine root (<5 mm) production was significantly higher in 2012 (421 to 1342 g m-2) than in 2011 (99 to 872 g m-2). Annual litterfall mass was significantly different among the stands, while fine root production did not statistically differ among the stands. The average fine root turnover rate, calculated by dividing the annual fine root production by the maximum standing fine root biomass, was 1.65 for deciduous forests and 1.97 for coniferous forests. Fine root production constituted 18–44% of NPP, where NPP was the sum of woody biomass production, litterfall production, and fine root production. Belowground production was a greater fraction of NPP in more productive forests suggesting their greater carbon allocation belowground.
Ji Young An; Byung Bae Park; Jung Hwa Chun; Akira Osawa. Litterfall production and fine root dynamics in cool-temperate forests. PLOS ONE 2017, 12, e0180126 .
AMA StyleJi Young An, Byung Bae Park, Jung Hwa Chun, Akira Osawa. Litterfall production and fine root dynamics in cool-temperate forests. PLOS ONE. 2017; 12 (6):e0180126.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJi Young An; Byung Bae Park; Jung Hwa Chun; Akira Osawa. 2017. "Litterfall production and fine root dynamics in cool-temperate forests." PLOS ONE 12, no. 6: e0180126.