Building fire-adaptive communities and fostering fire-resilient landscapes have become two of the main research strands of wildfire science that go beyond strictly biophysical viewpoints and call for the integration of complementary visions of landscapes and the communities living there, with their legacy of knowledge and subjective dimensions. Both indigenous fire management (IFM) and local fire management (LFM) are rooted in traditional fire knowledge and are among the most important contributions that rural communities can make to management partnerships. Focusing specifically on traditional fire knowledge (TFK), we examine the scholarly literature on TFK using a thematic synthesis approach. We extract themes from the literature and cluster and synthesize them into four analytical themes: (a) TFK within the fire ecology global research field; (b) the role of TFK in integrated fire management; (c) governance; and (d) TFK within global fire management research needs. Who the researchers are, the topics they study, how they approach these topics, and where they focus can help us also to understand possible biases in their contributions to the topics. The analysis conducted reveals the existing gap in current research on local fire knowledge among non-Indigenous populations. This paper offers a call to action to include indigenous and non-indigenous local knowledge and voices on this important topic. Evidence drawn from the thematic synthesis of the literature can help to re-focus research and awareness on this multidisciplinary phenomenon.

Una aproximación territorial y local al funcionamiento de la economía de la cultura en ciudades medias y pequeñas: estudio de caso de las ciudades españolas de Mérida y Cuenca El principal objetivo de la investigación es analizar el peso que algunos factores del territorio y la sociedad urbana, como la cercanía, el patrimonio, la imagen o las infraestructuras, tienen en el desarrollo y funcionamiento de los clusters culturales en las ciudades medias y pequeñas. A este fin se ha realizado una aproximación territorial a escala local con una combinación de métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos que se han aplicado a las ciudades españolas de Mérida y Cuenca, elegidas como estudio de caso. Los resultados demuestran que muchos de los parámetros frecuentemente considerados en la bibliografía internacional, y que forman parte de la idiosincrasia de las ciudades medias y pequeñas (cercanía, posibilidad de establecer contactos cara a cara, calidad de vida, bajos costes de producción), son considerados por los entrevistados como indispensables para entender el funcionamiento de sus organizaciones, así como del conjunto de cluster económico cultural urbano. De manera general, estos parámetros aparecen en la bibliografía internacional como coadyuvantes al desarrollo de la economía de la cultural, pero su importancia en las ciudades medias y pequeñas había sido testada en muy pocas ocasiones.

The approach to festivalization concerns a tendency in present-day, western societies to arrange cultural production in a festival-like way. This marks a shift that some scholars argue is a societal phenomenon intertwined with changing consumer habits, social practices, emergent markets, creative city promotion policies and developing government policies. The focus on festivalization as an analytic tool for describing a process of adapting music and musical behaviours to the festival format is already well established in academia. Recently researchers and stakeholders started to witness with serious concern the concentration process in the European live music sector leaded by major groups own stakes in several key steps of the music value chain, such as artist management, ticketing and live distribution (venues and festivals), hampering the competitiveness of small and independent festivals. The innovation of our present contribution lies in our proposal to approach the processes of festivalization as undergone by small and medium-sized cities in Spain, which are both complex and diverse in terms of territorial reality. At the same time, we intend to identify processes of financialization that lead to extractivist models for the music festival, far from those that favour situated cultural and/or productive engagement, as well as from the emergence of festivals that have proven to be fertile for the territories that host them. After an extensive literature review, we have approached the research on the basis of a time-frame from the creation of the first musical festival (1939) that remained active until 2019. We conducted an exhaustive scrutiny of secondary statistical sources as well as specialised yearbooks and websites of the sample of cities and festivals. A database has been built with all this information, which brings together 402 festivals by urban location, date of establishment, number of editions held, musical style, organizing institution, etc. With all this information, an analysis has been carried out using descriptive statistics, tables and cartography. While the initial time-frame was designed to analyze the growth and spread of the different music festivals and their characteristics connected with the process of festivalization, a second and more limited time-frame of 2000–2023 has focused on analysis of the processes of financialization observed in the field. For this purpose, we have carried out exhaustive monitoring of the merger-and-acquisition processes involving foreign investment funds and large multinationals through the sector’s yearbooks and the specialized media. The data and evidence gathered in this contribution show that many small and medium-sized cities consider music festivals to be a valuable asset to culture-led urban policies, both in the pursuit of urban regeneration/local development goals and in their repositioning and diversification as tourist destinations. We have witnessed the unprecedented evolution in the number of festivals over the past three decades; the spread of festivals throughout the urban network, especially in its Mediterranean coast and in metropolitan area settings. The interrelationship between territory and institutionality leads to the identification of two extreme festival types: situated cultural initiatives and practices (festivals with roots and anchorage in a specific locality) and spatially unbounded festivals (without any commitment to the territory and showing extractive behaviour). The former type is mostly dominated by classical, flamenco, jazz/blues, and traditional/world music festivals, while the latter consists almost exclusively of pop/rock and urban multi-style festivals. The high profitability of many of these festivals explains why foreign investment funds have turned their eyes in this direction in recent years.

Cette contribution fait partie des travaux de diffusion d’un projet de recherche sur la transformation urbaine et les stratégies liées à la grande vitesse ferroviaire en Espagne. Dans le cadre de ce projet, l'un des objectifs étudie les transformations urbaines générées par la réalisation matérielle de l'infrastructure ferroviaire à grande vitesse (son degré d’intégration et le degré de cohérence avec l'aménagement du territoire physique existante), ainsi que les projets urbains liés à celui-ci. Dans ce contexte, nous avons l'intention d'analyser l'origine et les conséquences de l'introduction des gares TGV dans des emplacements éloignés (entre 5 et 6 km) des centres urbains des deux villes moyennes espagnoles. Nous avons essayé d’évaluer l’intégration de la grande vitesse en milieu urbain : le processus de mise en place de la nouvelle infrastructure de chemin de fer à grande vitesse, sa relation avec le réseau ferroviaire classique et les processus de transformation urbaine / aménagement locale que sa mise en place et mise en service a généré.