Obesity is becoming a global epidemic as a result of high-calorie food intake and unhealthy lifestyles. Different marine plants, especially brown algae (Ecklonia cava), are traditionally used to treat different health-related issues. The study was carried out to investigate the anti-obesity properties of E. cava 70% ethanol extract. To evaluate the anti-obesity effect of E. cava, both in vitro and in vivo tests were performed. E. cava suppresses pre-adipocyte 3T3-L1 differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. In HFD-induced obese rats’ models, administration of E. cava 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg significantly decreases total body weight and organs, especially liver weight, in all treatment groups. Adipose tissue weight, including subcutaneous, epididymal, peritoneal, and mesenteric adipose tissue, was markedly reduced in E. cava-treated HFD rats in dose-dependent manners. In addition, liver-related biomarkers AST, ALP, ALT, and GGT were evaluated; the lower level of liver-related biomarkers indicates no liver injury or fatty liver issue in E. cava HFD treatment groups. In addition, E. cava treatment has significant effects on the expression of adipogenic and lipogenic (PPAR-γ, FAS, LPL, and SREBP-1c) genes. Altogether, these results show the anti-obesity effect of E. cava. We concluded that E. cava could be a potential candidate for the prevention of obesity-induced by a high-fat diet.

To compare the molecular composition and functional differences at the lipoprotein level, we analyzed individual lipoprotein fractions from male patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) (n=10) and gender- and age-matched healthy controls (n=14). The MetS group had significantly higher obesity, blood pressure, serum cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), adiponectin, and uric acid levels than the control group, while the serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels of the MetS group were in the normal range. The MetS group had much weaker serum antioxidant ability and were more susceptible to copper-mediated low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-oxidation. TG and apoC-III co-accumulated with LDL, high density lipoprotein (HDL)2, and HDL3 in the MetS group. The MetS group had serum amyloid A (SAA)-enriched HDL2 and HDL3, although the serum level of SAA was not higher than in controls. The MetS group had significantly deprived paraoxonase (PON) activity in the serum and HDL, while the MetS group had 38% higher serum cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity than that of the control group. Many serum parameters, such as TG, apoC-III, and uric acid, were elevated in the MetS group, and most of these measures were enriched in the LDL and HDL fractions rather than the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) fraction. The lipid and apolipoprotein composition of HDL was severely altered and its beneficial functions were severely diminished. ApoA-I level was more readily detected in lipoprotein-deficient serum of the MetS group, indicating that the apoA-I exists in a lipid-free state. These results suggest that the MetS group had dysfunctional HDL that enriched TG, apoC-III, CETP, and SAA without antioxidant activity.