Paeonia rockii has been a traditional medicinal material from time immemorial. It is an important plant resource of ethnic medicine and chinese herbal medicine. It has unique effects on heat and cool blood, promoting blood circulation and dispersing blood stasis, analgesia and promoting menstruational flow. It is also a first-class protected plant. With the increasing demand for the bark and roots of P. rockii in China’s medicinal market, the continuous high-intensity and disorderly excavation has led to a sharp decline in wild resources. P. rockii is in imminent danger and needs to be saved and protected urgently. In this study, the distribution records of P. rockii in China, combined with environmental factors, are used to simulate the current potential distribution area of P. rockii through MaxEnt model. The environmental factors affecting the distribution of P. rockii are obtained by using the contribution rate of environmental factors and a jackknife test analysis, and the appropriate value of environmental factors is determined by using the response curve. The results show that the AUC value of test set data is 0.985 and that of training set data is 0.987. The prediction accuracy of the Maxent model is extremely high and the simulation effect is very good. At present, the high suitable areas of P. rockii are mainly distributed in the shape of cake in Southern Ningxia, southern Gansu and southern Shanxi, accounting for 15.58% of the total suitable areas. The most important environmental factor affecting the geographical distribution of P. rockii is the altitude; Under the future climate change scenario, the total suitable area of P. rockii shows a decreasing trend, among which the area of high suitable area shows an obvious decreasing trend, the mass center of high suitable area of P. rockii generally tends to migrate to the northwest, and the migration range is large under the scenario of high concentration emission. The research results can provide scientific data support for P. rockii to to cope with the changes in suitable areas caused by climate change and the establishment of effective protection, clarify the change and heterogeneity of P. rockii in different regions of China in the future, and clarify its ecological needs, which has certain practical significance.

Inland waterway transport is an essential element of integrated transport systems, and the inland waterway freight volume accounts for about 50% of the total waterway freight volume in China. During the navigation, anchoring, and operation of ships, various water pollutants are generated, and the pollution generated by sewage is receiving more and more attraction. To prevent and control pollution from ships, it is important to estimate the amount of sewage and pollutants involved. In this study, the data preparation process is established to generate the Degree of Ship Activity (DSA) data pool after cleaning and thinning the massive original Automatic identification System (AIS) data, and then the data fusion method of a fine GIS grid is established to integrate the DSA data into each grid. The total DSA in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River is 37.14 million h/a. The sewage and pollutant generation inventories for the lower reaches of Yangtze River are estimated and analyzed spatiotemporally. It is estimated that the generations of sewage are 1,768,600 t/a in total. After spatial analysis, it is revealed that the water areas with a relatively large amount of pollutant generation are mainly related to ports distributed along the channel and the DSA density. Finally, based on the spatial distribution characteristics of the estimated inventories, the countermeasures of “zero discharge” for inland ships, the receiving facility system improving, and prevention and control at the river basin level are proposed.

In order to compare the environmental benefits of two emission reduction measures, i.e. using low-sulphur oil and shore power technology, this paper takes the ships arriving at Guangzhou port as an example, based on the ship data of entry and departure visa of Guangzhou port in 2015, and uses statistical analysis to determine the relationship between different ship types of diesel engines, ship berthing time and ship deadweight tonnage, and based on the use of low-sulphur oil and berthing using shore power air pollutants emission On the basis of emission factors and diesel engine load, the environmental benefits of the two emission reduction measures are calculated by the calculation model established by the dynamic method. The results show that:(1) in 2015, when ships berthing in Guangzhou port used low-sulphur oil with sulphur content of 0.5%, PM10, NOx, SOx and CO2 decreased by 231.6t, 165.5t, 2039.3t and 0t respectively, when using low-sulphur oil with sulphur content of 0.1%, PM10, NOX, SOx and CO2 decreased by 244.1t, 517.1t, 2382.7t and 0t respectively. when ships berthing in Guangzhou port used shore power, PM, NOx, SOx and CO2 decreased by 283.8t, 2975.6t, 2407.7t and - 3782.2t respectively. (2) compared with the use of low sulphur oil, the use of shore power by berthing ships has a significant advantage in NOx emission reduction. In terms of particulate matter, SOX and CO2 emission reduction, there is no significant difference between the two measures.

In order to improve the level of oil spill emergency response in China and strengthen the study on the oil spill emergency response standardization, the current situation of oil spill emergency response standards at home and abroad are summarized, and domestic and foreign standards for emergency response are compared in six aspects of risk prevention, monitoring alarm, forecast and early warning, emergency equipment, comprehensive assistance and damage assessment. The results show that the standards for oil spill emergency response technology in China still need to be improved, and there is a lack of regulations for performance testing and applications of emergency facilities. This paper points out the deficiency and development direction of the oil spill emergency standards in China. It is necessary to strengthen the preparation and revision of the oil spill emergency standards and further improve the oil spill emergency standards system.

As we know, there is a great risk of pollution during the process of typical operations, such as tank cleaning, liquid hazardous goods barging, tank dismantling and wreck salvage. Especially for tank cleaning and tank dismantling operations, the pollution risk is more prominent since the small-scale private companies and the low quality of employees relatively. In order to prevent and control pollution of ships and their related operations to the marine environment, China has issued a number of laws and regulations. This paper reviews the relevant domestic legal system, and summarizes the present situation of typical high pollution risk operation of domestic ships. By analyzing the characteristics of high pollution risk of such operations, risk analysis is carried out. The research results are of great significance for regulating the high pollution risk operation of ships, reducing the pollution risk, improving the safety during operations, and preventing pollution from ships and related operations to marine environment.

On March 11, 2011, a serious radionuclide leakage accident occurred at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, and a large number of radionuclides were released, causing serious pollution to the ocean environment. On August 25, 2021, Japan announced the overall plan for the discharge of radioactive sewage from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant into the ocean, and the discharge will begin around the spring of 2023. All operational and under-construction nuclear power plants in China are distributed in coastal areas presently. In case of a nuclear leakage accident, radionuclides will diffuse through the ocean and pollute the ecological environment. The study of radionuclide diffusion mechanism in the ocean and emergency response plays an important role in accident mitigation under oceanic radioactive events. A radionuclide diffusion model in the ocean was established and the radionuclide diffusion mechanism in the ocean was analyzed. And then a prediction and monitoring system of radionuclide diffusion in the ocean was proposed. The results show that the short-term radionuclide diffusion is mainly influenced by the source term, flow field and decay of ¹³¹I, and the degree of influence decreases in turn. On the whole, influences of the flow field and ¹³¹I decay are weakened during the long-term diffusion. At the same time, the influence of ¹³⁷Cs decay begins to be obvious and the influence of suspended matter is increasing. The influence of ocean organisms is always small. Problems of scientific prediction and protection were analyzed, and the emergency response scheme was given. It is of great significance to improve the capacity of emergency response for oceanic radioactive events.