With the growing consumption market of yogurt products, the continuous innovation of packaging design has become the major means of enterprise marketing for fast-moving consumer goods. Because different combinations of packaging design elements affect the consumers in different ways, the contradiction between the product packaging design and consumer demand has impacted the further development of these products’ marketing. To explore the relationship between the constituent elements of yogurt packaging design and consumer preferences, four kinds of factors to the purchased products’ attributes were selected from the packaging design, including the graphics, packaging colors, packaging shapes and label texts. The consumers’ preferences for different attributes of yogurt packaging design were quantitatively evaluated by the Conjoint Analysis Method (CAM). Consumers showed the strongest preference for yogurt packaging shapes (39.017%), and were the most satisfied with the concrete graphics of cool colors (31.330%); the level combination of attributes most preferred by consumers is that of concrete graphics, cool colors, gable-top boxes and simple labels. The packaging design satisfying consumer preferences gave rise to positive purchase attitudes. Such research results facilitated the understanding of the consumption market and provided the theoretical support necessary for the development of yogurt packaging design to match the consumers’ preferences.

In this work, solar-light-active copper–vanadium oxide (Cu-VO) was synthesized by a simple microwave method and characterized by FESEM, EDS, XRD, XPS, UV–Vis/near-infrared (NIR), and FT-IR spectroscopy. Antialgal and dye degradation activities of Cu-VO were investigated against Microcystis aeruginosa and methylene blue dye (MB), respectively. The mechanism of action of Cu-VO was examined regarding the production of hydroxyl radical (·OH) in the medium and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in M. aeruginosa. FESEM and XRD analyses of Cu-VO disclosed the formation of monoclinic crystals with an average diameter of 132 nm. EDX and XPS analyses showed the presence of Cu_, V_, and O atoms on the surface of Cu-VO. Furthermore, FT-IR analysis of Cu-VO exposed the presence of tetrahedral VO₄ and octahedral CuO₆. Cu-VO effectively reduced the algal growth and degraded methylene blue under solar light. A total of 4 mg/L of Cu-VO was found to be effective for antialgal activity. Cu-VO degraded 93% of MB. The investigation of the mechanism of action of Cu-VO showed that ·OH mediated antialgal and dye degradation of M. aeruginosa and MB. Cu-VO also triggered the production of intracellular ROS in M. aeruginosa, leading to cell death. Thus, Cu-VO could be an effective catalyst for wastewater treatment.

This paper presents an analysis of the side hull in marine steel structures under accidental collision phenomena. The type of side collision considered in this work is where the striking ship penetrates the struck ship. First, the...

In this study, we attempted to synthesize visible light active nano-sized photocatalysts using metal oxides such as zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, tungsten oxide, and strontium titanium oxide with (MoCl₅)₂ as a dopant by the simple ball-milling method. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy data confirmed the presence of M-O-Mo linkage (M = Zn, Zr, W, and SrTi) in all the molybdenum-doped metal oxides (MoMOs), but only MoZnO inhibited the growth of the bloom-forming Microcystis aeruginosa under visible light in a concentration-dependent manner up to 10 mg/L. Further, structural characterization of MoZnO using FESEM and XRD exhibited the formation of typical hexagonal wurtzite nanocrystals of approximately 4 nm. Hydroxyl radical (·OH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lipid peroxidation assays revealed ·OH generated by MoZnO under the visible light seemed to cause peroxidation of the lipid membrane of M. aeruginosa, which led to an upsurge of intracellular ROS and consequently introduced the agglomeration of cyanobacteria. These results demonstrated that nano-sized MoZnO photocatalyst can be easily synthesized in a cost-effective ball-mill method and utilized for biological applications such as the reduction of harmful algal blooms. Further, our study implies that a simple ball-milling method can provide an easy, green, and scalable route for the synthesis of visible light active doped metal oxides.

In order to overcome the problems of low signal-to-noise ratio in the information output interface and long time for information synthesis in the traditional virtual display method of clothing, a CLO3D-based virtual display method for wetsuit is designed in this study. The proposed method works as follows. Firstly, it analyzes the categories and functional characteristics of the wetsuit and the virtual display process of the CLO3D software. In the second step, the design of the proposed method for the process of data collection and fusion of the wetsuit design is made. In the subsequent steps, human model is established, designs are made for the style and modeling, simulation is made for the pattern and color of the wetsuit fabric, and dynamic display is made. Experimental results show that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the information output interface of the proposed method is above 75 dB, and the maximum SNR can reach 80.5 dB, and the information synthesis time varies between 32 min and 47 min, indicating that the proposed method is more efficient and effective.

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